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題名 遊戲化機制對專案團隊績效之影響
Effects of Gamification on Project Team Performance
作者 鄭云筠
Cheng, Yun Yun
貢獻者 梁定澎
Liang, Ting Peng
鄭云筠
Cheng, Yun Yun
關鍵詞 遊戲化
專案管理
專案績效
Gamification
Project Management
Project Performance
日期 2013
上傳時間 1-Apr-2015 10:12:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 「專案」是各領域和企業所重視的工作形式，其中「人」是專案團隊的核心角色，如何做好專案人員的管理以達有效的協作與溝通是專案管理的重要課題。近年來「遊戲化」一詞興起，多數企業將遊戲化應用在企業流程之中試圖激勵員工的表現，然而在學術界遊戲化尚未在專案管理的領域中被採用。
本研究旨在探討遊戲化機制在專案管理之應用，並透過系統實作的方式來顯示遊戲化機制可以如何整合到專案管理的系統中並提升專案績效。首先，本研究透過Fogg行為模式(Behavior Model)發展出以遊戲化機制作為行為的趨動因子，使專案成員能夠投入專案中，進而提出加入遊戲化機制可以提升專案主觀與客觀績效之假說；同時期望找出遊戲化機制適用的專案情境(專案類型)。
研究以分析、整合與評估三階段策略進行，首先透過文獻探討找出專案管理適用之遊戲化機制並分析專案情境；接著設計遊戲化機制模組整合進專案管理工具；最後評估階段以實驗法針對「規劃」與「發想」兩類型專案分別進行遊戲化的專案管理，受測團隊使用具備積分、徽章與排行榜等遊戲化機制的專案管理工具，並在進行專案任務後測量遊戲化機制對其主觀和客觀績效影響。
研究結果顯示，遊戲化機制能提升發想型專案之客觀績效，表示其對於專案成員工作相依性低與產出結構限制低之專案有正向影響力；然而在主觀績效方面，由於排行榜機制帶來組內競爭，使得團隊成員之主觀績效感受呈現負面影響。因此，遊戲化機制需要依據不同的專案類型特性作設計，透過積分和徽章激勵團隊成員，並加上適當的競爭感，方能有效提升專案的績效。
Project is a common task form in most organizations. Human plays the central role of a project team. So, it’s important to manage human resources to have effective collaboration and communication. Recent years, the idea of “Gamification” has been adopted in enterprise processes to improve employee’s performance. However, the concept of gamification has not been studied in project management domain.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of gamification in project management and how to integrate the gamification mechanism into project management systems to improve project performance. First, this study used Fogg’s Behavior Model to develop an research framework to include gamification as a behavioral trigger. Then, hypotheses about gamification on team performance were proposed.
This study used the three-step research strategy (analysis, integration and evaluation). First, applicable gamification mechanisms were identified through literature review and project context analysis. Second, a project management tool that integrates the identified gamification mechanisms were developed. Finally, two types of projects were chosen to evaluate the gamification mechanisms in an experimental study.
The study finds that gamification could improve objective performance of brainstorming projects with low task dependency and unstructured outcome. However, gamification had negative influences on subjective team performance, probably due to its creation of competition within the project team. Therefore, we conclude that the application of gamification mechanisms needs to consider the nature of projects.
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王釋逸. (2010). 第155期 網路遊戲中的自我實現. 諮商心聞報. 文字. Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.student.fcu.edu.tw/wSite/ct?xItem=99279&ctNode=8436&mp=220101&idPath=1808_8427
林信惠, & 黃明祥. (2002). 軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢. 資訊管理研究. 第四卷第一期, 31–64.
周逵. (2013). 遊戲化：管理新定義 -商學院頻道-和訊網. 和訊商學院. Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://bschool.hexun.com.tw/2013-04-19/153343138.html
許建民, & 高俊雄. (2006). 青少年休閒參與動機模式之研究. 大專體育學刊, 8(3), 51–63.
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葉桂珍, & 汪美香. (2003). 資訊管理專業人員之專案團隊認同與其工作壓力及工作滿足之關係. 臺大管理論叢, 14(1), 79–18.
賴志宏. (2011). 專案的主要功能與類型. Kris專案管理顧問. 文字. Retrieved August 19, 2014, from http://www.krispmschool.com/pmsystemmodel/pmdef/13projtype.php
 
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Farzan, R., & Brusilovsky, P. (2011), “Encouraging user participation in a course recommender system: An impact on user behavior,” Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 276–284.
Flatla, D. R., Gutwin, C., Nacke, L. E., Bateman, S., & Mandryk, R. L. (2011), Calibration games: making calibration tasks enjoyable by adding motivating game elements, In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, USA.
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Halan, S., Rossen, B., Cendan, J., & Lok, B. (2010), High Score!-Motivation Strategies for User Participation in Virtual Human Development. In Intelligent Virtual Agents (pp. 482–488). Berlin: Springer.
Hamari, J., & Koivisto, J. (2013), Social motivations to use gamification: an empirical study of gamifying exercise. 27th Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014), Does Gamification Work?—A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification. In Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hilton Waikoloa, Big Island.
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Jung, J. H., Schneider, C., & Valacich, J. (2010), “Enhancing the motivational affordance of information systems: The effects of real-time performance feedback and goal setting in group collaboration environments,” Management Science, 56(4), 724–742.
Juul, J. (2005), “Half-real.” Video Games between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds. Video Games between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds, Cambridge (Massachusetts) Und London: OLDENBURG.
Juul, J. (2011), Half-Real: Video Games Between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982), “Measurement of job and work involvement,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341.
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Li, W., Grossman, T., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2012), GamiCAD: A Gamified Tutorial System for First Time Autocad Users. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 103–112), New York.
Liu, Y., Alexandrova, T., & Nakajima, T. (2011), Gamifying Intelligent Environments. In Proceedings of the 2011 International ACM Workshop on Ubiquitous Meta User Interfaces (pp. 7–12), New York.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
101356031
102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101356031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 梁定澎zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liang, Ting Pengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄭云筠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cheng, Yun Yunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 鄭云筠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Cheng, Yun Yunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2013en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Apr-2015 10:12:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Apr-2015 10:12:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Apr-2015 10:12:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101356031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/74303-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101356031zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 「專案」是各領域和企業所重視的工作形式，其中「人」是專案團隊的核心角色，如何做好專案人員的管理以達有效的協作與溝通是專案管理的重要課題。近年來「遊戲化」一詞興起，多數企業將遊戲化應用在企業流程之中試圖激勵員工的表現，然而在學術界遊戲化尚未在專案管理的領域中被採用。
本研究旨在探討遊戲化機制在專案管理之應用，並透過系統實作的方式來顯示遊戲化機制可以如何整合到專案管理的系統中並提升專案績效。首先，本研究透過Fogg行為模式(Behavior Model)發展出以遊戲化機制作為行為的趨動因子，使專案成員能夠投入專案中，進而提出加入遊戲化機制可以提升專案主觀與客觀績效之假說；同時期望找出遊戲化機制適用的專案情境(專案類型)。
研究以分析、整合與評估三階段策略進行，首先透過文獻探討找出專案管理適用之遊戲化機制並分析專案情境；接著設計遊戲化機制模組整合進專案管理工具；最後評估階段以實驗法針對「規劃」與「發想」兩類型專案分別進行遊戲化的專案管理，受測團隊使用具備積分、徽章與排行榜等遊戲化機制的專案管理工具，並在進行專案任務後測量遊戲化機制對其主觀和客觀績效影響。
研究結果顯示，遊戲化機制能提升發想型專案之客觀績效，表示其對於專案成員工作相依性低與產出結構限制低之專案有正向影響力；然而在主觀績效方面，由於排行榜機制帶來組內競爭，使得團隊成員之主觀績效感受呈現負面影響。因此，遊戲化機制需要依據不同的專案類型特性作設計，透過積分和徽章激勵團隊成員，並加上適當的競爭感，方能有效提升專案的績效。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Project is a common task form in most organizations. Human plays the central role of a project team. So, it’s important to manage human resources to have effective collaboration and communication. Recent years, the idea of “Gamification” has been adopted in enterprise processes to improve employee’s performance. However, the concept of gamification has not been studied in project management domain.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of gamification in project management and how to integrate the gamification mechanism into project management systems to improve project performance. First, this study used Fogg’s Behavior Model to develop an research framework to include gamification as a behavioral trigger. Then, hypotheses about gamification on team performance were proposed.
This study used the three-step research strategy (analysis, integration and evaluation). First, applicable gamification mechanisms were identified through literature review and project context analysis. Second, a project management tool that integrates the identified gamification mechanisms were developed. Finally, two types of projects were chosen to evaluate the gamification mechanisms in an experimental study.
The study finds that gamification could improve objective performance of brainstorming projects with low task dependency and unstructured outcome. However, gamification had negative influences on subjective team performance, probably due to its creation of competition within the project team. Therefore, we conclude that the application of gamification mechanisms needs to consider the nature of projects.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論　1
第一節 研究背景與動機　1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題　3
第二章 文獻探討　3
第一節 專案　3
2.1.1 專案定義　3
2.1.2 專案團隊定義　4
2.1.3 專案管理　5
第二節 遊戲化概念　5
2.2.1 遊戲定義　5
2.2.2 遊戲化定義　6
2.2.3 遊戲元素與機制　8
2.2.4 遊戲元素特性　11
2.2.5 非遊戲情境　12
第三節 遊戲化應用　13
2.3.1 遊戲化設計框架　13
2.3.2 遊戲化應用文獻　17
第四節 動機與行為理論　18
2.4.1 內在動機　18
2.4.2 沉浸理論(Flow Theory)　20
2.4.3 行為模式(Fogg Behavior Model)　20
第三章 研究方法　23
第一節 研究架構　23
第二節 研究流程　25
第三節 遊戲化機制與專案情境分析　26
3.3.1 遊戲機制特性分析　26
3.3.2 遊戲化機制選擇　28
3.3.3 專案情境分析　29
第四節 遊戲化專案管理工具設計　30
3.4.1 管理工具功能與現有工具分析　30
3.4.2 系統設計與實作　31
第五節 研究設計　37
第六節 研究對象　40
第七節 變數的操作型定義　40
第八節 資料統計與分析方法　42
第四章 研究分析　43
第一節 樣本基本資料檢定分析與描述　43
第二節 信效度分析　45
第三節 研究假說之檢定　47
第四節 研究結果彙整　54
第五章 結論與建議　56
第一節 研究結論　56
第二節 研究貢獻　59
第三節 研究限制與建議　59
參考文獻　62
附錄一 問卷內容　69		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2526714 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101356031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 遊戲化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專案管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專案績效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gamificationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Project Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Project Performanceen_US
dc.title (題名) 遊戲化機制對專案團隊績效之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Effects of Gamification on Project Team Performanceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
王釋逸. (2010). 第155期 網路遊戲中的自我實現. 諮商心聞報. 文字. Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.student.fcu.edu.tw/wSite/ct?xItem=99279&ctNode=8436&mp=220101&idPath=1808_8427
林信惠, & 黃明祥. (2002). 軟體專案管理研究架構及趨勢. 資訊管理研究. 第四卷第一期, 31–64.
周逵. (2013). 遊戲化：管理新定義 -商學院頻道-和訊網. 和訊商學院. Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://bschool.hexun.com.tw/2013-04-19/153343138.html
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