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題名 臺灣穆斯林少數民族的社會適應︰以印尼穆斯林與中國穆斯林為例
Social Adaptation of Muslim Ethnic Minorities in Taiwan: Case Study of Indonesian Muslim and Chinese Muslim
作者 孫莉瑋
Widyastuti, Retno
貢獻者 張中復
Chang, Chung Fu
孫莉瑋
Retno Widyastuti
關鍵詞 華人穆斯林
印尼穆斯林社群
穆斯林民族弱勢
社會適應
台灣
Chinese Muslim
Indonesian Muslim Communities
Muslim Ethnic Minorities
Social Adaptation
Taiwan
日期 2014
上傳時間 1-May-2015 11:39:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 台灣與其中華文化並不像伊斯蘭人民將回教有很強的宗教關聯性。然而歷史上回教和穆斯林在中華的歷史中扮演著一個重要的角色。從1990年代初期，從東南亞有一批勞動者移民來到台灣，並在當地工作。近期，印尼籍的工作者已達到20萬人，他們成為台灣外籍工作者中數量最大的一群。在這當中，絕大部分的印尼籍勞動者都是穆斯林。為了保留自己的身分認同與文化，這群身在台灣的印尼籍穆斯林竟而形成了以宗教為主的許多社群，並因應在地差異與台灣的華人穆斯林進行社會適應上的交流與互動。

此篇研究的目的在於為台灣的回教與穆斯林研究踏出第一步，尤其是印尼穆斯林與當地的華人穆斯林如何進行社會適應，以及在台灣這樣一個異地環境，身為少數族群的他們如何保有自己的身分認同。此研究採用質性研究方法進行資料蒐集，並以集中性的田野調查中第一手資料的蒐集與觀察進行文獻探討，這些調查資料來自臺北、桃園、中壢、台中以及高雄等地。

此研究發現印尼籍穆斯林聚集並在台灣形成特定的印尼穆斯林組織，並與華人穆斯林有著積極互動，形成他們社會適應過程中的一環。然而，由於文化背景的差異，這些印尼穆斯林社群更需要改變他們社會中的生活習慣以因應在台灣的生活。
Taiwan and its Chinese culture is not associated with Islam as religion and Muslim people. However, historically Islam and Muslim play an important role in Chinese history. Starting in early 1990s, there was a growing number of immigrant worker, mainly from South East Asian countries to Taiwan to work in informal sector. Currently Indonesian numbered 200,000, and become the biggest in terms of foreign workers in Taiwan. Majority of these Indonesian workers are Muslim. In order to preserve their identity and cultural life, the Indonesian Muslim in Taiwan formed various religious-based community, do a social adaptation with their environment and interact with Chinese Muslim in Taiwan.

The objective of this study is to initiate the study of Islam and Muslim development in Taiwan, specifically how the social adaptation of Indonesian Muslim with Chinese Muslim in Taiwan, as well as how they preserve their identity as ethnic minority in Taiwan. Qualitative approach on data collection was undertaken, using literature review followed by collecting primary sources from intensive field research and observation in Taipei, Taoyuan, Chungli, Taichung and Kaohsiung.

It’s found that Indonesian Muslim gathered and formed some Indonesian Muslim organizations in Taiwan, and they actively interact with Chinese Muslim as the part of their social adaptation. However, due to some differences in cultural background, those Indonesian Muslim communities need to adapt their habit and social life in Taiwan.
參考文獻 Abdel-Hady, Zakaryya Mohamed. (2010). The Masjid, Yesterday and Today. The Center for International and Regional Studies; Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar, No. 2, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/qatar/cirs/AbdelHadyBriefCompleteFile.pdf, accessed on April 2nd, 2014

Al Akbar, Nuruddin. 2012. JEJARING MUHAMMADIYAH; Sebuah Analisis Recovery Bencana Merapi Yang Dilakukan Organisasi Muhammadiyah (Muhammadiyah networks; an Analysis of Volcano’s Eruption Recovery by Muhammadiyah). Jurnal Sosiologi Islam, Vol 2, No 2 (2012).

Allievi, Stefano (Ed). (2010). Mosques in Europe; Why a Solution has Become a Problem. Network of European Foundations (NEF) Initiative on Religion and Democracy in Europe. London: Alliance Publishing Trust.

Bagby, Ihsan. (2004). A Portrait of Detroit Mosques: Muslim Views on Policy, Politics and Religion. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, Michigan. Retrieved from: http://www.ispu.org/files/PDFs/385_Detroit%20Mosque%20Study%20Ihsan%20Bagby.pdf, accessed on April 2nd, 2014.

Berlie, Jean A. (2004). Islam in China; Hui and Uyghurs between Modernization and Sinicization. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.

Berry, John W. (1997). Lead Article: Immigration, Acculturation and Adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1997, 46 (1), 5-68.

C.M. Ting, Haj Dawood. (1988). Islamic Traditions Continue in Taiwan (translated by Ko Shu Jen). Taiwan Review Website, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). Published on January 1st, 1988. Retrieved from: http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=105358&CtNode=1362, accessed on Oct 28th, 2013.

Connor, Phillip Carey. 2010. A Theory of Immigrant Religious Adaptation: Disruption, Assimilation, and Facilitation. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Princeton University (UMI Dissertation Publishing, ProQuest).

Daniels, Timothy. (2009). Islamic Spectrum in Java. England; Ashgate.

Dillon, Michael. (1999). China’s Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects. Richmond: Curzon Press.

Elias, Rangga Aditya. (2013). Invisible Agent in Taiwan-Indonesia Cooperation. TASEEAS Conference in May 31st, 2013. Retrieved from http://fgumail.fgu.edu.tw/~cseas2013/1-2-2.pdf, accessed on May 18th, 2014
Fan, Jing-Peng and Ma, Shi-Ying. (2012). 1945 年之前台湾回教研究 (Islamic Studies in Taiwan Before 1945), translated by Jerrel Lai. 西北师大学报（社会科学版）(Journal of Northwest Normal University (Social Sciences)), Vol. 49 No. 1 (Jan 2012), p. 67 – 73.

Fan, Ke. (2001a). Maritime Muslims and Hui Identity: A South Fujian Case. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 21 (2), 309-332.

Fox, James J. (2004). Currents in Contemporary Islam in Indonesia. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. The Australian National University. Retrieved from: https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/42039/2/Islam_in_Indonesia2.pdf, accessed on June 21st, 2014

Gladney, Dru C. (1991). Muslim Chinese; Ethnic Nationalism in the People`s Republic. Cambridge (USA): The Council on East Asian Studies Harvard University.

Gladney, Dru C. (1998). Ethnic Identity in China: The Making of a Muslim Minority Nationality (Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology). Florida: Harcourt Brace & Company.

Gowing, Peter G. (1970). Islam in Taiwan; Cut off from its roots, Taiwan`s small community of Chinese Muslims struggles to survive. Saudi Aramco World Magazine, July/ August 1970, printed edition, p. 22-27. Retrieved from: http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197004/islam.in.taiwan.htm accessed on Oct 27th, 2013.

Gupta, Akhil and Ferguson, James (eds). (1997). Anthropological Locations; Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Berkeley; University of California Press.

Gusman, Yuherina. (2011). The Spiritual Life of Indonesia Migrant Workers in Taiwan (2009-2011). Master’s Thesis, English Department, National Central University. Retrieved from: http://thesis.lib.ncu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/getfile?URN=971202601&filename=971202601.pdf, accessed on January 22nd, 2014.

Haddad, Yvonne Y., Smith, Jane I. and Esposito, John L. (eds). (2003). Religion and Immigration: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Experiences in the United States. California: Altamira Press.

International Crisis Group. (2007). Islam and Identity in Germany. Europe Report N181, 14 March 2007. Retrieved from: http://www.cie.ugent.be/documenten/islam_in_germany.pdf, accessed on April 2nd, 2014

International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Taiwan, The Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs. Retrieved from: http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90134.htm, accessed on October 30th, 2013

Jailani, Imam Amrusi. (2008). Pemahaman Islam dan Sentuhan Budaya Lokal (Understanding about Islam and Local Culture Touch). Jurnal KARSA, Vol 13, No. 1 (2008): MADUROLOGI 3.

Jandt, Fred E. (2010). An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community. 6th edition. Sage publication: California.

Katzenstein, Peter J (ed). (2012). Sinicization and the Rise of China: Civilizational Processes beyond East and West. London; Routledge.

Keluarga Muslim Indonesia di Taiwan (KMIT) official Website. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.kmitw.org/, accessed on April 20th, 2014

Kim Cho, Jung Yeon. (2009). Islam in China. Muslim -Christian Encounter, Torch Trinity Center for Islamic Studies Journal, volume 2, number 2, June 2009.

Kuo, Wen-ban. (2013). An Explorative Study on the Taiwanese Muslim (2012 - 2013). Institute for Asian Muslim Studies, Waseda University. Retrieved from: http://www.kikou.waseda.ac.jp/ias/data/files/An_Explorative_Study_on_the_Taiwanese_Muslim.pdf, accessed on April 25th, 2014

Mackerras, Colin. (1998). Han‐Muslim and Intra‐Muslim Social Relations in North-western China. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 4:1-2, 28-46. Published online: 24 Dec 2007.

Miura, Toru. (2006). Perceptions of Islam and Muslims in Japanese Schools: Questionnaire Survey and Textbooks. Annals of the Japan Association for Middle East Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, March 2006. NII-Electronic Library Service.

O`Connor, Paul. 2012. Islam in Hong Kong: Muslims and Everyday Life in China`s World City. Hong Kong [China]: Hong Kong University Press.

Pearson, Richard, Li, Min and Li, Guo. (2002). Quanzhou Archaeology: A Brief Review. International Journal of Historical Archaeology, Vol. 6 (1), (Mar 2002), 23–59.

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Pew Research Center. (2012a). Faith on the Move: The Religious Affiliation of International Migrants. Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, March 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/03/Faithonthemove.pdf, accessed on: June 11, 2014

Pew Research Center. (2012b). The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, August 9, 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/08/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf, accessed on: January 8th, 2014

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
101926020
103
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101926020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張中復zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Chung Fuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 孫莉瑋zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Retno Widyastutien_US
dc.creator (作者) 孫莉瑋zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Widyastuti, Retnoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2014en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-May-2015 11:39:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-May-2015 11:39:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-May-2015 11:39:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101926020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/74941-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101926020zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台灣與其中華文化並不像伊斯蘭人民將回教有很強的宗教關聯性。然而歷史上回教和穆斯林在中華的歷史中扮演著一個重要的角色。從1990年代初期，從東南亞有一批勞動者移民來到台灣，並在當地工作。近期，印尼籍的工作者已達到20萬人，他們成為台灣外籍工作者中數量最大的一群。在這當中，絕大部分的印尼籍勞動者都是穆斯林。為了保留自己的身分認同與文化，這群身在台灣的印尼籍穆斯林竟而形成了以宗教為主的許多社群，並因應在地差異與台灣的華人穆斯林進行社會適應上的交流與互動。

此篇研究的目的在於為台灣的回教與穆斯林研究踏出第一步，尤其是印尼穆斯林與當地的華人穆斯林如何進行社會適應，以及在台灣這樣一個異地環境，身為少數族群的他們如何保有自己的身分認同。此研究採用質性研究方法進行資料蒐集，並以集中性的田野調查中第一手資料的蒐集與觀察進行文獻探討，這些調查資料來自臺北、桃園、中壢、台中以及高雄等地。

此研究發現印尼籍穆斯林聚集並在台灣形成特定的印尼穆斯林組織，並與華人穆斯林有著積極互動，形成他們社會適應過程中的一環。然而，由於文化背景的差異，這些印尼穆斯林社群更需要改變他們社會中的生活習慣以因應在台灣的生活。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Taiwan and its Chinese culture is not associated with Islam as religion and Muslim people. However, historically Islam and Muslim play an important role in Chinese history. Starting in early 1990s, there was a growing number of immigrant worker, mainly from South East Asian countries to Taiwan to work in informal sector. Currently Indonesian numbered 200,000, and become the biggest in terms of foreign workers in Taiwan. Majority of these Indonesian workers are Muslim. In order to preserve their identity and cultural life, the Indonesian Muslim in Taiwan formed various religious-based community, do a social adaptation with their environment and interact with Chinese Muslim in Taiwan.

The objective of this study is to initiate the study of Islam and Muslim development in Taiwan, specifically how the social adaptation of Indonesian Muslim with Chinese Muslim in Taiwan, as well as how they preserve their identity as ethnic minority in Taiwan. Qualitative approach on data collection was undertaken, using literature review followed by collecting primary sources from intensive field research and observation in Taipei, Taoyuan, Chungli, Taichung and Kaohsiung.

It’s found that Indonesian Muslim gathered and formed some Indonesian Muslim organizations in Taiwan, and they actively interact with Chinese Muslim as the part of their social adaptation. However, due to some differences in cultural background, those Indonesian Muslim communities need to adapt their habit and social life in Taiwan.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Cover………………………..……………………….. i
Acknowledgements………………………..…………. iii
Abstract………………………..………………………..…………………………. iv
摘要 (Abstract in Chinese) ………………………..………………………..…….. v
Table of Contents………………………..………………………..……………….. vi
List of Figures and Graphs…..………………………. viii
List of Acronyms………………………..………………………..……………….. vii

Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Background………………..……………….. 1
1.2 Research Questions………………..……….. 3
1.3 Research Purpose and Importance…………………………..…………... 3
1.4 Research Methods & Methodology..……………..……..……… ……… 3
1.5 Literature Review………………………..………………..…………….. 5
1.5.1 The Spiritual Life of Indonesia Migrant Workers in Taiwan (2009-2011)……………..………….……...…………………… 5
1.5.2 An Explorative Study on the Taiwanese Muslim (2012 - 2013).. 6
1.5.3 Cohesion and Cleavage in a Chinese Muslim Minority……… 7
1.5.4 Ethnic Identity in China: The Making of a Muslim Minority Nationality (1998) ………………… 10
1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.6.1 Immigration, Acculturation and Adaptation (1997) …………… 12
1.6.2 A Theory of Immigrant Religious Adaptation: Disruption, Assimilation, and Facilitation (2010) ………………………….. 14
1.7 Thesis Composition….………………………..……..….…….………… 15

Chapter 2. Development of Islam and Muslim in Taiwan
2.1 History of Islam and Muslim in Taiwan ……………………....……..…. 19
2.1.1 Maritime Silk Road………………... 21
2.1.2 Establishment of Taiwan Prefecture by Qing Dynasty………… 21
2.1.3 Nationalist Period (1911 - 1949) … 22
2.1.4 Japanese Occupation Period (1895 - 1945)………… ………… 23
2.1.5 Evacuation of KMT and Chinese Muslim to Taiwan (1949)…... 23
2.1.6 Chinese Muslim Migration from Burma and Thailand………… 24
2.1.7 The Coming of Muslim Foreign Worker to Taiwan…………… 24
2.2 Demography and Development of Muslim in Taiwan ………..………… 27
2.2.1 Chinese Muslim Organizations in Taiwan……………………... 29
2.2.2 Comparison between Muslim in Taiwan and Mainland China… 29
2.3 Indonesian Muslim Communities in Taiwan……………………….…… 32
2.4 Perception of Islam and Muslim in Taiwan... 36
Chapter 3. Social Adaptation among Indonesian Muslim Communities in Taiwan…………………. 38
3.1 Introduction…… 38
3.2 Social and Ethnic Adaptation of Indonesian Muslim in Taiwan………… 39
3.2.1 Indonesian Muslim Activities in Taiwan……………………….. 40
3.3 Masjid At-Taqwa, Indonesian Mosque in Taoyuan……………………... 44
3.3.1 History of Masjid At-Taqwa in Dayuan………………………... 44
3.3.2 Masjid At-Taqwa Activities………. 46
3.3.3 Challenges for Masjid At-Taqwa… 47
3.3.4 Masjid At-Taqwa Phenomenon and Its Influence……………… 47
3.4 Social Adaptation of Indonesian Muslim Communities………………… 49
3.4.1 Cooperation……………………….. 49
3.4.2 Problem and Challenges…………... 51

Chapter 4. Social Adaptation of Indonesian Muslim Communities and Chinese Muslim Communities in Taiwan………… 53
4.1 Religious Activities and Ceremonies………. 53
4.1.1 Marriage Procession Ceremony…… 54
4.1.2 Death Procession Ceremony……… 55
4.1.3 Friday Prayer……………………… 55
4.1.4 Ramadan/ Fasting Month………….. 56
4.1.5 Islamic Holiday Celebration………. 57
4.1.6 Tabligh Akbar……………………... 57
4.1.7 Islamic Education…………………. 58
4.1.8 Islamic Exhibition and Seminar…… 58
4.1.9 Hajj…… 60
4.1.10 Visitation to Detention Center…….. 60
4.2 Inter-Marriage………...……………………. 61
4.3 Halal Food and Business…...………………. 64
4.4 Challenges for Social Adaptation…………... 68

5 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion……... 73
5.2 Recommendation 73
5.2.1 For Indonesian Muslim Communities 74
5.2.2 For Chinese Muslim Communities……………………..……….. 74
5.2.3 For Both Chinese Muslim and Indonesian Muslim……………... 74
5.3 Further Study…... 75

References………………..……..……………..……... 76		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2460243 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101926020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 華人穆斯林zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印尼穆斯林社群zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 穆斯林民族弱勢zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會適應zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese Muslimen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indonesian Muslim Communitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Muslim Ethnic Minoritiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social Adaptationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.title (題名) 臺灣穆斯林少數民族的社會適應︰以印尼穆斯林與中國穆斯林為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Social Adaptation of Muslim Ethnic Minorities in Taiwan: Case Study of Indonesian Muslim and Chinese Muslimen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abdel-Hady, Zakaryya Mohamed. (2010). The Masjid, Yesterday and Today. The Center for International and Regional Studies; Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar, No. 2, 2010. Retrieved from: http://www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/qatar/cirs/AbdelHadyBriefCompleteFile.pdf, accessed on April 2nd, 2014

Al Akbar, Nuruddin. 2012. JEJARING MUHAMMADIYAH; Sebuah Analisis Recovery Bencana Merapi Yang Dilakukan Organisasi Muhammadiyah (Muhammadiyah networks; an Analysis of Volcano’s Eruption Recovery by Muhammadiyah). Jurnal Sosiologi Islam, Vol 2, No 2 (2012).

Allievi, Stefano (Ed). (2010). Mosques in Europe; Why a Solution has Become a Problem. Network of European Foundations (NEF) Initiative on Religion and Democracy in Europe. London: Alliance Publishing Trust.

Bagby, Ihsan. (2004). A Portrait of Detroit Mosques: Muslim Views on Policy, Politics and Religion. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, Michigan. Retrieved from: http://www.ispu.org/files/PDFs/385_Detroit%20Mosque%20Study%20Ihsan%20Bagby.pdf, accessed on April 2nd, 2014.

Berlie, Jean A. (2004). Islam in China; Hui and Uyghurs between Modernization and Sinicization. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.

Berry, John W. (1997). Lead Article: Immigration, Acculturation and Adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1997, 46 (1), 5-68.

C.M. Ting, Haj Dawood. (1988). Islamic Traditions Continue in Taiwan (translated by Ko Shu Jen). Taiwan Review Website, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). Published on January 1st, 1988. Retrieved from: http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=105358&CtNode=1362, accessed on Oct 28th, 2013.

Connor, Phillip Carey. 2010. A Theory of Immigrant Religious Adaptation: Disruption, Assimilation, and Facilitation. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Princeton University (UMI Dissertation Publishing, ProQuest).

Daniels, Timothy. (2009). Islamic Spectrum in Java. England; Ashgate.

Dillon, Michael. (1999). China’s Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects. Richmond: Curzon Press.

Elias, Rangga Aditya. (2013). Invisible Agent in Taiwan-Indonesia Cooperation. TASEEAS Conference in May 31st, 2013. Retrieved from http://fgumail.fgu.edu.tw/~cseas2013/1-2-2.pdf, accessed on May 18th, 2014
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