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題名 融入臺灣：外國人使用智慧型手機為整合工具的經驗
Blending Into Taiwan: The Expat’s Smartphone as an Integration Tool作者 安德魯
Genskow, Andrew貢獻者 王淑美
Wang, Sumei
安德魯
Genskow, Andrew關鍵詞 媒體民族志
外國人
使用智慧型手機
文化認同
臺灣
media ethnography
expat
smartphone use
cultural identity
Taiwan日期 2014 上傳時間 1-Jul-2015 14:55:35 (UTC+8) 摘要 融入臺灣：外國人使用智慧型手機為整合工具的經驗
Expats living in East Asian nations have a distinctly fresh view of the burgeoning cultures around them. The field of media ethnography has largely ignored this view in favor of domestic perspectives, focusing on virtual ethnography, digital observation, and the collection of empirical data within these local populations. Taiwan is a fast-evolving nation state, with an ever-increasing foreign community and a mobile phone penetration rate of 98%. This study, recounted from the eyes of an American expat living in Taiwan, examines the successes and pitfalls Western nationals face when using their smartphones to overcome cultural barriers, maintain social relationships, and build an identity overseas. The research itself takes shape through a series of one-one-one interviews, concentrating on five subjects of differing age, gender, travel background, language level and locale. The second focus is on in-depth, on-site participant observation of these individuals interacting with Taiwanese locals and attempting to build a life for themselves away from home. Observations of their daily lifestyles, combined with interview content, sheds light on the intentions and contradictions they face in using their smartphones to traverse their environment. The goal of this study is to draw a detailed and nuanced picture of the expatriate experience and image in Taiwan, as well as analyze the ability of Westerners to use technology to integrate into Taiwanese culture.參考文獻 Al-Rodhan, N. R., & Stoudmann, G. (2006). Definitions of globalization: A comprehensive overview and a proposed definition. Geneva Centre for Security Policy.Anderson, B. G. (1971). Adaptive aspects of culture shock. American Anthropologist, 73(5), 1121-1125.Archambault, J. S. (2013). Cruising through uncertainty: Cell phones and the politics of display and disguise in Inhambane, Mozambique. American Ethnologist, 40(1), 88-101.Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-contact, distance and affiliation. Sociometry, 289-304.Barnard, A., & Spencer, J. (Eds.). (1996). Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. Taylor & Francis.Bell, C. (2014). Bar talk in Bali with (s) expat residential tourists. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1-14.Bennett, T. (1982). Media, ‘reality’, signification. Culture, society and the media, 287-308.Brown, H. D. (1991). Breaking the Language Barrier: Creating Your Own Pathway to Success. Intercultural Press, Inc.Bull, M. (2008). Sound moves: iPod culture and urban experience. Routledge.Caronia, L. (2005). Feature Report: Mobile Culture: An Ethnography of Cellular Phone Uses in Teenagers’ Everyday Life. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 11(3), 96-103. Chan, A. H. N. (2008). The dynamics of motherhood performance: Hong Kong`s middle class working mothers on-and off-line. Sociological Research Online, 13(4), 4.City Mayors. The largest cities in the world by land area, population and density. (2007, January 6). Retrieved from http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-density-125.htmlCooper, G. (2002). The mutable mobile: social theory in the wireless world. In Wireless world, 19-31. Springer London.Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public opinion quarterly, 47(1), 1-15.Delamont, S. (2004). Ethnography and participant observation. Qualitative research practice, 217-229.Eiselein, E. B., & Topper, M. (1976). A Brief History of Media Anthropology. Human Organization, 35(2), 123-134.Fantini, A. E. (1995). Introduction-language, culture and world view: Exploring the nexus. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19(2), 143-153.Freidenberg, J. (2011). Researching global spaces ethnographically: Queries on methods for the study of virtual populations. Human Organization, 70(3), 265-278.Fox, N., & Roberts, C. (1999). GPs in cyberspace: the sociology of a ‘virtual community`. The Sociological Review, 47(4), 643-671.Gao, G. (1998). ‘‘Don`t take my word for it.’’—understanding Chinese speaking practices. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22(2), 163-186.Ginsburg, F. (2002). Screen memories: resignifying the traditional in indigenous media. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain, 39-57.Ginsburg, F. D., Abu-Lughod, L., & Larkin, B. (Eds.). (2002). Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain. University of California Press.Graham, S. (1999). The role of text production skills in writing development: A special issue: I. Learning Disability Quarterly, 75-77.Hannam, K., Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006). Editorial: Mobilities, immobilities and moorings. Mobilities, 1(1), 1-22.Harris, M. (1976). History and significance of the emic/etic distinction. Annual review of anthropology, 329-350.Hartley, J. (2009). The Uses of Digital Literacy. University of Queensland Press.Hinton, S., & Hjorth, L. (2013). Understanding social media. Sage.Hjorth, L., & Chan, D. (Eds.). (2009). Gaming cultures and place in Asia-Pacific. Routledge.Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad?. Organizational dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (1995). The active interview. Sage Publications, Inc.Horst, H., & Miller, D. (2006). The cell phone: An anthropology of communication. Berg.Hu, K. (2005). The power of circulation: digital technologies and the online Chinese fans of Japanese TV drama. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 6(2), 171-186.Hurn, B. J., & Tomalin, B. (2013). Cross-cultural communication: Theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.Iino, M. (1996). “Excellent foreigner!”: Gaijinization of Japanese language and culture in contact situations. An ethnographic study of dinner table conversationsbetween Japanese host families and American students.Ishii, K. (2006). Implications of mobility: The uses of personal communication media in everyday life. Journal of Communication, 56(2), 346-365.Jameson, D. A. (2007). Reconceptualizing cultural identity and its role in intercultural business communication. Journal of Business Communication, 44(3), 199-235.Kaye, M., & Taylor, W. G. (1997). Expatriate culture shock in China: a study in the Beijing hotel industry. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(8), 496-510.Kien, G. (2009). Global technography: Ethnography in the age of mobility, 24.La Pastina, A. C. (2005). Audience Ethnographies. Media anthropology, 139.Lafferty, M., & Maher, K. H. (2014). The Expat Life with a Thai Wife: Thailand as an Imagined Space of Masculine Transformation. Contemporary Socio-Cultural and Political Perspectives in Thailand, 311-327. Springer Netherlands.Lai, C. H. (2007). Understanding the design of mobile social networking. M. C Journal, 10(1).Lee, J. (2014, May 22). 4 killed it taipei mrt stabbing spree. The China Post. Retrieved from http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2014/05/22/408340/4-killed.htmLent, J. A., & Fitzsimmons, L. (Eds.). (2013). Asian Popular Culture in Transition. Routledge.Lin, A. M., & Tong, A. H. (2007). Text-messaging cultures of college girls in Hong Kong: SMS as resources for achieving intimacy and gift-exchange with multiple functions. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 21(2), 303-315.Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers` use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New media & society, 10(3), 393-411.Lukacs, G. (2013). Dreamwork: Cell Phone Novelists, Labor, and Politics in Contemporary Japan. Cultural Anthropology, 28(1), 44-64.Macionis, J., and Gerber, L. (2010). Sociology. Pearson Canada Inc.Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: a data collectors field guide.Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. New York: EP Dutton & Co.Mamman, A. (1995). Expatriates’ intercultural effectiveness by chance of birth. Expatriate Management: New ideas for international business, 137-55.Mankekar, P. (1993). National texts and gendered lives: An ethnography of television viewers in a north Indian city. American ethnologist, 20(3), 543-563.Matei, S., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2002). Belonging in geographic, ethnic, and Internet spaces. The Internet in everyday life, 404-427.Mauss, M. (1954). The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, New York and London: Norton.May, R. (1994). The courage to create. WW Norton & Company.Meinhof, U. H., & Smith, J. M. (Eds.). (2000). Intertextuality and the media: From genre to everyday life. Manchester University Press.Michaels, E. (1986). The aboriginal invention of television in Central Australia, 1982-1986: report of the Fellowship to Assess the Impact of Television in Remote Aboriginal Communities. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Morley, D. (1980). The nationwide audience: Structure and decoding. British Film Institute.Mushengyezi, A. (2003). Rethinking indigenous media: rituals, ‘talking’drums and orality as forms of public communication in Uganda. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 16(1), 107-117.Norman, J. (1988). Chinese. Cambridge University Press.Oberg, K. (2006). Cultural shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments. Curare, 29(2), 3.Pedersen, P. (1994). The Five Stages of Culture Shock: Critical Incidents Around the World: Critical Incidents Around the World. ABC-CLIO.Peterson, M. A. (2004). Anthropology and mass communication: Media and myth in the new millennium, 2. Berghahn Books.Peterson, M. A. (2005). Performing media: toward an ethnography of intertextuality. Media anthropology, 129-138.Rao, S. (2007). The globalization of Bollywood: An ethnography of non-elite audiences in India. The Communication Review, 10(1), 57-76.Rothenbuhler, E. W., & Coman, M. (Eds.). (2005). Media anthropology. Sage Publications.Selmer, J. (Ed.). (1995). Expatriate management: New ideas for international business. Greenwood Publishing Group.Selmer, J. (1999). Culture shock in China?: Adjustment pattern of western expatriate business managers. International Business Review, 8(5), 515-534.Selmer, J. (2006). Language ability and adjustment: Western expatriates in China. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(3), 347-368.Silverstone, R. (1994). Television and everyday life. Routledge.Silverstone, R. (1999). Why study the media?. Sage.Simmel, G. (1997). Simmel on culture: selected writings, 903. David Frisby, & Mike Featherstone (Eds.). Sage.Spiteri, C. (2013). Cultural Identity construction through Smartphone Use.Spitulnik, D. (1993). Anthropology and mass media. Annual review of Anthropology, 293-315.Spitulnik, D. (2002). Mobile machines and fluid audiences: Rethinking reception through Zambian radio culture. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain, 337-354.Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview.Stahl, G. K., Mendenhall, M. E., & Oddou, G. R. (2012). Readings and cases in international human resource management and organizational behavior. Routledge.Stald, G. (2008). Mobile identity: Youth, identity, and mobile communication media. Youth, identity, and digital media, 143-164.Stanley, P. (2013). A Critical Ethnography of `Westerners` Teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai. Routledge.Tajfel, H. (2010). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge University Press.Taylor, A. S., & Harper, R. (2002). Age-old practices in the `new world`: a study of gift-giving between teenage mobile phone users. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 439-446. ACM.Turkle, S. (2012). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic books. Utesheva, A., Cecez-Kecmanov, D., & Schlagwein, D. (2012). Understanding the digital newspaper genre: medium vs. message.Waldron, J. (2011). Locating Narratives in Postmodern Spaces: A Cyber Ethnographic Field Study of Informal Music Learning in Online Community. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education, 10(2), 32-60.Wei, R., & Lo, V. H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8(1), 53-72.Yaoxian, J. (2013). Popular and vigorous: the New Taiwan Mural Team. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14(2), 287-301.Yeh, M. J. (2004). A preliminary study on SMS use of youth tribes. Information Society Research, 6, 235-282.Zhong, Y. (2003). In Search of Loyal Audiences--What Did I Find? An ethnographic study of Chinese television audiences. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 17(3), 233-246. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
102461016
103資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102461016 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王淑美 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Sumei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 安德魯 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Genskow, Andrew en_US dc.creator (作者) 安德魯 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Genskow, Andrew en_US dc.date (日期) 2014 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2015 14:55:35 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2015 14:55:35 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2015 14:55:35 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102461016 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76232 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102461016 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 融入臺灣：外國人使用智慧型手機為整合工具的經驗 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Expats living in East Asian nations have a distinctly fresh view of the burgeoning cultures around them. The field of media ethnography has largely ignored this view in favor of domestic perspectives, focusing on virtual ethnography, digital observation, and the collection of empirical data within these local populations. Taiwan is a fast-evolving nation state, with an ever-increasing foreign community and a mobile phone penetration rate of 98%. This study, recounted from the eyes of an American expat living in Taiwan, examines the successes and pitfalls Western nationals face when using their smartphones to overcome cultural barriers, maintain social relationships, and build an identity overseas. The research itself takes shape through a series of one-one-one interviews, concentrating on five subjects of differing age, gender, travel background, language level and locale. The second focus is on in-depth, on-site participant observation of these individuals interacting with Taiwanese locals and attempting to build a life for themselves away from home. Observations of their daily lifestyles, combined with interview content, sheds light on the intentions and contradictions they face in using their smartphones to traverse their environment. The goal of this study is to draw a detailed and nuanced picture of the expatriate experience and image in Taiwan, as well as analyze the ability of Westerners to use technology to integrate into Taiwanese culture. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements iiAbstract iiiChapter 1: Introduction 1 The Paradox of the Smartphone 1Chapter 2: Literature Review 5 Media Use in Everyday Life 5 Media Anthropology: An Overview 6 Media Ethnographies in East Asia 8 Globalized Ethnography: The Expat in East Asia 10 The Smartphone as an Integration Tool 14 Research Questions 18Chapter 3: Methodology 22 Ethnographic Research Study 22Chapter 4: Results 27 Christina 27 Kevin 33 Marcell 41 Anthony 49 Kyle 55Chapter 5:Analysis 62 Intercultural Barrier 62 Social Relationships 64 Identity 65 Anxiety Towards Smartphones .67 Non-Users 69Chapter 6: “Are We Really Working for It?” 72Appendix 76 Transcript of Pilot Study 76 Interview Questionnaire 84 Notebook Transcript 87 References 89 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1000789 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102461016 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體民族志 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外國人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 使用智慧型手機 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化認同 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺灣 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) media ethnography en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) expat en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) smartphone use en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) cultural identity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.title (題名) 融入臺灣：外國人使用智慧型手機為整合工具的經驗 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Blending Into Taiwan: The Expat’s Smartphone as an Integration Tool en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Al-Rodhan, N. R., & Stoudmann, G. (2006). Definitions of globalization: A comprehensive overview and a proposed definition. Geneva Centre for Security Policy.Anderson, B. G. (1971). Adaptive aspects of culture shock. American Anthropologist, 73(5), 1121-1125.Archambault, J. S. (2013). Cruising through uncertainty: Cell phones and the politics of display and disguise in Inhambane, Mozambique. American Ethnologist, 40(1), 88-101.Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-contact, distance and affiliation. Sociometry, 289-304.Barnard, A., & Spencer, J. (Eds.). (1996). Encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. Taylor & Francis.Bell, C. (2014). Bar talk in Bali with (s) expat residential tourists. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1-14.Bennett, T. (1982). Media, ‘reality’, signification. Culture, society and the media, 287-308.Brown, H. D. (1991). Breaking the Language Barrier: Creating Your Own Pathway to Success. Intercultural Press, Inc.Bull, M. (2008). Sound moves: iPod culture and urban experience. Routledge.Caronia, L. (2005). Feature Report: Mobile Culture: An Ethnography of Cellular Phone Uses in Teenagers’ Everyday Life. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 11(3), 96-103. Chan, A. H. N. (2008). The dynamics of motherhood performance: Hong Kong`s middle class working mothers on-and off-line. Sociological Research Online, 13(4), 4.City Mayors. The largest cities in the world by land area, population and density. (2007, January 6). Retrieved from http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-density-125.htmlCooper, G. (2002). The mutable mobile: social theory in the wireless world. In Wireless world, 19-31. Springer London.Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public opinion quarterly, 47(1), 1-15.Delamont, S. (2004). Ethnography and participant observation. Qualitative research practice, 217-229.Eiselein, E. B., & Topper, M. (1976). A Brief History of Media Anthropology. Human Organization, 35(2), 123-134.Fantini, A. E. (1995). Introduction-language, culture and world view: Exploring the nexus. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19(2), 143-153.Freidenberg, J. (2011). Researching global spaces ethnographically: Queries on methods for the study of virtual populations. Human Organization, 70(3), 265-278.Fox, N., & Roberts, C. (1999). GPs in cyberspace: the sociology of a ‘virtual community`. The Sociological Review, 47(4), 643-671.Gao, G. (1998). ‘‘Don`t take my word for it.’’—understanding Chinese speaking practices. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22(2), 163-186.Ginsburg, F. (2002). Screen memories: resignifying the traditional in indigenous media. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain, 39-57.Ginsburg, F. D., Abu-Lughod, L., & Larkin, B. (Eds.). (2002). Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain. University of California Press.Graham, S. (1999). The role of text production skills in writing development: A special issue: I. Learning Disability Quarterly, 75-77.Hannam, K., Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2006). Editorial: Mobilities, immobilities and moorings. Mobilities, 1(1), 1-22.Harris, M. (1976). History and significance of the emic/etic distinction. Annual review of anthropology, 329-350.Hartley, J. (2009). The Uses of Digital Literacy. University of Queensland Press.Hinton, S., & Hjorth, L. (2013). Understanding social media. Sage.Hjorth, L., & Chan, D. (Eds.). (2009). Gaming cultures and place in Asia-Pacific. Routledge.Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad?. Organizational dynamics, 9(1), 42-63.Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (1995). The active interview. Sage Publications, Inc.Horst, H., & Miller, D. (2006). The cell phone: An anthropology of communication. Berg.Hu, K. (2005). The power of circulation: digital technologies and the online Chinese fans of Japanese TV drama. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 6(2), 171-186.Hurn, B. J., & Tomalin, B. (2013). Cross-cultural communication: Theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.Iino, M. (1996). “Excellent foreigner!”: Gaijinization of Japanese language and culture in contact situations. An ethnographic study of dinner table conversationsbetween Japanese host families and American students.Ishii, K. (2006). Implications of mobility: The uses of personal communication media in everyday life. Journal of Communication, 56(2), 346-365.Jameson, D. A. (2007). Reconceptualizing cultural identity and its role in intercultural business communication. Journal of Business Communication, 44(3), 199-235.Kaye, M., & Taylor, W. G. (1997). Expatriate culture shock in China: a study in the Beijing hotel industry. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(8), 496-510.Kien, G. (2009). Global technography: Ethnography in the age of mobility, 24.La Pastina, A. C. (2005). Audience Ethnographies. Media anthropology, 139.Lafferty, M., & Maher, K. H. (2014). The Expat Life with a Thai Wife: Thailand as an Imagined Space of Masculine Transformation. Contemporary Socio-Cultural and Political Perspectives in Thailand, 311-327. Springer Netherlands.Lai, C. H. (2007). Understanding the design of mobile social networking. M. C Journal, 10(1).Lee, J. (2014, May 22). 4 killed it taipei mrt stabbing spree. The China Post. Retrieved from http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2014/05/22/408340/4-killed.htmLent, J. A., & Fitzsimmons, L. (Eds.). (2013). Asian Popular Culture in Transition. Routledge.Lin, A. M., & Tong, A. H. (2007). Text-messaging cultures of college girls in Hong Kong: SMS as resources for achieving intimacy and gift-exchange with multiple functions. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 21(2), 303-315.Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers` use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New media & society, 10(3), 393-411.Lukacs, G. (2013). Dreamwork: Cell Phone Novelists, Labor, and Politics in Contemporary Japan. Cultural Anthropology, 28(1), 44-64.Macionis, J., and Gerber, L. (2010). Sociology. Pearson Canada Inc.Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: a data collectors field guide.Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. New York: EP Dutton & Co.Mamman, A. (1995). Expatriates’ intercultural effectiveness by chance of birth. Expatriate Management: New ideas for international business, 137-55.Mankekar, P. (1993). National texts and gendered lives: An ethnography of television viewers in a north Indian city. American ethnologist, 20(3), 543-563.Matei, S., & Ball-Rokeach, S. J. (2002). Belonging in geographic, ethnic, and Internet spaces. The Internet in everyday life, 404-427.Mauss, M. (1954). The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, New York and London: Norton.May, R. (1994). The courage to create. WW Norton & Company.Meinhof, U. H., & Smith, J. M. (Eds.). (2000). Intertextuality and the media: From genre to everyday life. Manchester University Press.Michaels, E. (1986). The aboriginal invention of television in Central Australia, 1982-1986: report of the Fellowship to Assess the Impact of Television in Remote Aboriginal Communities. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Morley, D. (1980). The nationwide audience: Structure and decoding. British Film Institute.Mushengyezi, A. (2003). Rethinking indigenous media: rituals, ‘talking’drums and orality as forms of public communication in Uganda. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 16(1), 107-117.Norman, J. (1988). Chinese. Cambridge University Press.Oberg, K. (2006). Cultural shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments. Curare, 29(2), 3.Pedersen, P. (1994). The Five Stages of Culture Shock: Critical Incidents Around the World: Critical Incidents Around the World. ABC-CLIO.Peterson, M. A. (2004). Anthropology and mass communication: Media and myth in the new millennium, 2. Berghahn Books.Peterson, M. A. (2005). Performing media: toward an ethnography of intertextuality. Media anthropology, 129-138.Rao, S. (2007). The globalization of Bollywood: An ethnography of non-elite audiences in India. The Communication Review, 10(1), 57-76.Rothenbuhler, E. W., & Coman, M. (Eds.). (2005). Media anthropology. Sage Publications.Selmer, J. (Ed.). (1995). Expatriate management: New ideas for international business. Greenwood Publishing Group.Selmer, J. (1999). Culture shock in China?: Adjustment pattern of western expatriate business managers. International Business Review, 8(5), 515-534.Selmer, J. (2006). Language ability and adjustment: Western expatriates in China. Thunderbird International Business Review, 48(3), 347-368.Silverstone, R. (1994). Television and everyday life. Routledge.Silverstone, R. (1999). Why study the media?. Sage.Simmel, G. (1997). Simmel on culture: selected writings, 903. David Frisby, & Mike Featherstone (Eds.). Sage.Spiteri, C. (2013). Cultural Identity construction through Smartphone Use.Spitulnik, D. (1993). Anthropology and mass media. Annual review of Anthropology, 293-315.Spitulnik, D. (2002). Mobile machines and fluid audiences: Rethinking reception through Zambian radio culture. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain, 337-354.Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview.Stahl, G. K., Mendenhall, M. E., & Oddou, G. R. (2012). Readings and cases in international human resource management and organizational behavior. Routledge.Stald, G. (2008). Mobile identity: Youth, identity, and mobile communication media. Youth, identity, and digital media, 143-164.Stanley, P. (2013). A Critical Ethnography of `Westerners` Teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai. Routledge.Tajfel, H. (2010). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge University Press.Taylor, A. S., & Harper, R. (2002). Age-old practices in the `new world`: a study of gift-giving between teenage mobile phone users. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, 439-446. ACM.Turkle, S. (2012). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic books. Utesheva, A., Cecez-Kecmanov, D., & Schlagwein, D. (2012). Understanding the digital newspaper genre: medium vs. message.Waldron, J. (2011). Locating Narratives in Postmodern Spaces: A Cyber Ethnographic Field Study of Informal Music Learning in Online Community. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education, 10(2), 32-60.Wei, R., & Lo, V. H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8(1), 53-72.Yaoxian, J. (2013). Popular and vigorous: the New Taiwan Mural Team. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 14(2), 287-301.Yeh, M. J. (2004). A preliminary study on SMS use of youth tribes. Information Society Research, 6, 235-282.Zhong, Y. (2003). In Search of Loyal Audiences--What Did I Find? An ethnographic study of Chinese television audiences. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 17(3), 233-246. zh_TW
