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題名 風電產業在中國西部: 一種新的地方政府行為模式
Wind Power Industry in China`s Western Region: A New Behavior Pattern of Local Government作者 林凱源
Kaiyuan, Lin貢獻者 王振寰
Jenn-Hwan Wang
林凱源
Lin Kaiyuan關鍵詞 風電產業
地方政府
挖坑等樹
矛盾捆綁
地方撐傘
Wind power
Local government
Digging hole and waiting trees
Contradictions bundling
Local Umbrella日期 2014 上傳時間 1-Jul-2015 14:57:03 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文探討中國大陸在調整發展模式,強調生態文明和永續發展的目標下,通過政府的積極介入,提高環境標準,并推出一系列的激勵政策,調動包括地方政府和央企在內的各方行動者積極投入風電產業,在風力發電和風電設備製造方面取得了長足的進步。藉此,中國的風電裝機容在短短數年內躍居世界第一,在國內則成為僅次於火電和水電第三大電力來源。同時,中國通過巨大的國內市場,培植自身的風電設備製造能力,已經改變以往單純依靠進口的局面。不過,風電產業在快速發展的同時,也面臨棄風、資源浪費和虧損的問題。本文將地方政府置於分析的核心,選取酒泉進行田野調查,結合次級資料進行分析,發現:地方政府將環境要求和地方經濟發展的利益「捆綁」,在中央調整發展模式之時,「挖坑等樹」,為將發電企業的電力來源配額要求和具有政策導向的財政轉移支付提供落足點,吸引大量的資金和項目進駐,再爭取中央政府「千萬千瓦級風電基地」的認證。當風電發展過熱,造成「棄風」時,地方政府撐起綠色的「保護傘」,加上中央項目的合法性支持,能夠避免招致懲罰,反而能以解決棄風問題為由,爭取更多的資源和政策優惠,引入其他投資。地方政府通過「資源化」了的風能,積極引進資金和技術,推動本地經濟和社會的發展,風電產業不僅僅侷限於將西部打造成能源和原材料產地,而且將裝備製造能力、就業崗位和更多的收益留在當地。但在環境維度上,風電產業對於中國整體的貢獻突出,但是對於酒泉當地,風電產業非但沒有帶來環境效益,反而加劇了當地的環境污染和生態破壞。
This paper illustrates China`s adjustment of development model. It has strengthened the goals of ecological progressing and sustainable development, and has motivated investors to invest in wind power industry(WPI) by raising environmental requirements and implementing a lot of incentive measures. By these measures, needs of environment improvement and advances of technology converts wind from disaster to be a resource in great demand. Thus wind power generation of China has been ranked 1st over the world; it also ranked third by energy type. China also develops domestic wind power equipment manufacturing sector by taking advantage of huge domestic market. However, China`s WPI has trapped in troubles including disorderly competition, over-construction, low efficiency and so on.To access the role of wind power in China`s industry upgrading and environmental improvement projects and its implications for governance patterns, this paper adopts a neo-institutional analysis of the principal-agent relationship between the Chinese central state and local government. As SOEs are the major investors in WPI, this article also concerns on the interaction among central government, local government and SOEs in WPI. In the context of Chinese regime, I will highlight how local governments take advantages of WPI to meet the various requirements of cadre management system and fiscal system at the same time.A case study on Jiuquan(JQ) City, Gansu Province can be used for understanding the politic economical logic of Chinese WPII find that local government plays a key role in development of wind power as well as causing of problems. This article finds out that local government utilizes a new behavior pattern to develop WPI. "Digging hole and waiting trees" to get funds and policy resources from central government, building interests to meet economical and environmental needs at the same time(Contradictions bundling) and raising environmental and western umbrella to avoid penalty on irregularities and gain fault-tolerant (Local Umbrella). Wind power policies has been alienated by this pattern at local level, it transform from ends to be means. In sum, WPI makes contribution to balance eastern and western areas` development level on economic perspective, but has only environmental contribution at country-level. It increases environmental pressures in JQ.參考文獻 中文部份 書籍王紹光. (1997). 分權的底線: 北京, 中國計畫出版社.周飛舟. (2012). 以利為利: 財政關系与地方政府行为. 上海三聯書店.周黎安. (2008). 轉型中的地方政府:官員激勵與治理. 格致出版社.湯京平. (2011). 環境變遷與治理. 王振寰,湯京平,宋國誠編, "中國大陸暨兩岸關係研究(政大中國研究叢書1)". 台北: 巨流.劉振亞. (2012). 中國電力與能源. 中國電力出版社, 104﹣109. 期刊論文王漢生, & 王一鸽. (2009). 目標管理責任制: 農村基層政權的實踐邏輯. 社會學研究, 2, 61-92.折曉葉, & 陳嬰嬰. (2011). 項目制的分級運作机制和治理邏輯. 中國社會科學, 4, 126-148.周飛舟. (2006). 分稅制十年: 制度及其影響. 中國社會科學, 6, 100-115. 周業安 & 章泉. (2008). 市場化, 財政分權和中國經濟增長. 中國人民大學學報, 1, 34-42. 周黎安. (2004). 晉升博弈中政府官員的激勵與合作. 經濟研究, 6, 33-40. 周黎安. (2007). 中國地方官員的晉升錦標賽模式研究. 經濟研究, 7(36), 36-50.周黎安. (2014). 行政發包制. 社會, 34(6), 1-38.楊明基. (2011). 金融支持甘肅風電產業發展探析. 中國金融, (8), 70-71.瞿宛文. (2009). 超赶共識監督下的中國產業政策模式. 經濟學 (季刊), 8(2). 英文部份 書籍Yu, Hongyuan. (2008). Global Warming and China’s Environmental Diplomacy. Nova Publishers.Huang, Y. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the state (Vol. 1). Cambridge Univ Press.Naughton, B. (2007). The Chinese economy: Transitions and growth. MIT Press Books, 1. Oi, J. C. (1999). Rural China takes off: Institutional foundations of economic reform. Univ of California Press.Shue, V. (1988). The reach of the state: sketches of the Chinese body politic. Stanford University Press.Steinfeld, E. S. (2000). Forging reform in China: The fate of state-owned industry. Cambridge University Press. 專書論文Cheng, T. J., & Tsai, C. M. (2009). Powering rent seeking in the electricity industry. Rent Seeking in China, 117-44. 期刊Chan, H. S. (2004). Cadre personnel management in China: The Nomenklatura system, 1990–1998. The China Quarterly, 179, 703-734.Chien, S.-S. (2010). Economic freedom and political control in post-Mao China: A perspective of upward accountability and asymmetric decentralization. Asian Journal of Political Science, 18(1), 69-89.Chu, W.-W. (2011). How the Chinese government promoted a global automobile industry. Industrial and Corporate Change, 20(5), 1235-1276.Edin, M. (2003). State capacity and local agent control in China: CCP cadre management from a township perspective. The China Quarterly, 173, 35-52.Wang, Jenn-Hwan. T., S.-W. Zheng,Huan. (forthcoming). The Paradox of Small Hydropower: Local Government and Environmental Governance in China. Journal of Development Studies.Jin, H., Qian, Y., & Weingast, B. R. (2005). Regional decentralization and fiscal incentives: Federalism, Chinese style. Journal of public economics, 89(9), 1719-1742.Kostka, G. (2013). China`s evolving green planning system: Are targets the answer? Working Paper Series, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management.Kostka, G., & Hobbs, W. (2012). Local energy efficiency policy implementation in China: Bridging the gap between national priorities and local interests. The China Quarterly, 211, 765-785. Kou, C.-w., & Tsai, W.-H. (2014). “Sprinting with Small Steps” Towards Promotion: Solutions for the Age Dilemma in the CCP Cadre Appointment System. China Journal(71), 153-171. Kung, J. K.-s., & Lin, Y.-m. (2007). The decline of township-and-village enterprises in China’s economic transition. World Development, 35(4), 569-584. Lau, L. J., Qian, Y., & Roland, G. (2000). Reform without losers: an interpretation of China`s dual-track approach to transition. 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Qian, Y., & Weingast, B. R. (1996). China`s transition to markets: market-preserving federalism, Chinese style. The Journal of Policy Reform, 1(2), 149-185. Ross, L. (1998). China: environmental protection, domestic policy trends, patterns of participation in regimes and compliance with international norms. The China Quarterly, 156, 809-835.Tilt, B. (2010). The struggle for sustainability in rural China: Environmental values and civil society. The China Quarterly, 203, 725-763. Tsai, C.-M. (2011). The reform paradox and regulatory dilemma in China`s electricity industry. Asian Survey, 51(3), 520-539. Tsai, C. M. (2014). Regulating China`s Power Sector: Creating an Independent Regulator without Autonomy. The China Quarterly, 218, 452-473.Zhan, J. V. (2011). Explaining Central Intervention in Local Extra-Budgetary Practices in China. Asian Survey, 51(3), 497-519. Zhang, S., Andrews-Speed, P., & Zhao, X. (2013). Political and institutional analysis of the successes and failures of China’s wind power policy. Energy Policy, 56, 331-340. Zhao, Z.-y., Yan, H., Zuo, J., Tian, Y.-x., & Zillante, G. (2013). A critical review of factors affecting the wind power generation industry in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 499-508. Zhao, Z.-Y., Zuo, J., Fan, L.-L., & Zillante, G. (2011). Impacts of renewable energy regulations on the structure of power generation in China–A critical analysis. Renewable Energy, 36(1), 24-30. Zhou, X., Lian, H., Ortolano, L., & Ye, Y. (2013). A Behavioral Model of “Muddling Through” in the Chinese Bureaucracy: The Case of Environmental Protection. China Journal(70), 120-147. Zhu, X. (2014). "Mandate versus championship: Vertical government intervention and diffusion of innovation in public services in authoritarian China." Public Management Review 16(1): 117-139. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國家發展研究所
101261024
103資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012610241 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王振寰 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Jenn-Hwan Wang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林凱源 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin Kaiyuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 林凱源 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Kaiyuan, Lin en_US dc.date (日期) 2014 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2015 14:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2015 14:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2015 14:57:03 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1012610241 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76234 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國家發展研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101261024 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文探討中國大陸在調整發展模式,強調生態文明和永續發展的目標下,通過政府的積極介入,提高環境標準,并推出一系列的激勵政策,調動包括地方政府和央企在內的各方行動者積極投入風電產業,在風力發電和風電設備製造方面取得了長足的進步。藉此,中國的風電裝機容在短短數年內躍居世界第一,在國內則成為僅次於火電和水電第三大電力來源。同時,中國通過巨大的國內市場,培植自身的風電設備製造能力,已經改變以往單純依靠進口的局面。不過,風電產業在快速發展的同時,也面臨棄風、資源浪費和虧損的問題。本文將地方政府置於分析的核心,選取酒泉進行田野調查,結合次級資料進行分析,發現:地方政府將環境要求和地方經濟發展的利益「捆綁」,在中央調整發展模式之時,「挖坑等樹」,為將發電企業的電力來源配額要求和具有政策導向的財政轉移支付提供落足點,吸引大量的資金和項目進駐,再爭取中央政府「千萬千瓦級風電基地」的認證。當風電發展過熱,造成「棄風」時,地方政府撐起綠色的「保護傘」,加上中央項目的合法性支持,能夠避免招致懲罰,反而能以解決棄風問題為由,爭取更多的資源和政策優惠,引入其他投資。地方政府通過「資源化」了的風能,積極引進資金和技術,推動本地經濟和社會的發展,風電產業不僅僅侷限於將西部打造成能源和原材料產地,而且將裝備製造能力、就業崗位和更多的收益留在當地。但在環境維度上,風電產業對於中國整體的貢獻突出,但是對於酒泉當地,風電產業非但沒有帶來環境效益,反而加劇了當地的環境污染和生態破壞。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper illustrates China`s adjustment of development model. It has strengthened the goals of ecological progressing and sustainable development, and has motivated investors to invest in wind power industry(WPI) by raising environmental requirements and implementing a lot of incentive measures. By these measures, needs of environment improvement and advances of technology converts wind from disaster to be a resource in great demand. Thus wind power generation of China has been ranked 1st over the world; it also ranked third by energy type. China also develops domestic wind power equipment manufacturing sector by taking advantage of huge domestic market. However, China`s WPI has trapped in troubles including disorderly competition, over-construction, low efficiency and so on.To access the role of wind power in China`s industry upgrading and environmental improvement projects and its implications for governance patterns, this paper adopts a neo-institutional analysis of the principal-agent relationship between the Chinese central state and local government. As SOEs are the major investors in WPI, this article also concerns on the interaction among central government, local government and SOEs in WPI. In the context of Chinese regime, I will highlight how local governments take advantages of WPI to meet the various requirements of cadre management system and fiscal system at the same time.A case study on Jiuquan(JQ) City, Gansu Province can be used for understanding the politic economical logic of Chinese WPII find that local government plays a key role in development of wind power as well as causing of problems. This article finds out that local government utilizes a new behavior pattern to develop WPI. "Digging hole and waiting trees" to get funds and policy resources from central government, building interests to meet economical and environmental needs at the same time(Contradictions bundling) and raising environmental and western umbrella to avoid penalty on irregularities and gain fault-tolerant (Local Umbrella). Wind power policies has been alienated by this pattern at local level, it transform from ends to be means. In sum, WPI makes contribution to balance eastern and western areas` development level on economic perspective, but has only environmental contribution at country-level. It increases environmental pressures in JQ. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 前言 1第二節 研究背景和研究動機 4第三節 研究缺口與問題意識 9第四節 研究方法 11第二章 地方政府視角下的風電產業發展模式 14第一節 地方政府行為模式與風電產業帶來的變化 15第二節 地方政府發展風電產業的策略:「挖坑等樹」、「捆綁」與「撐傘」 23第三章 風電產業在中國西部 27第一節 中國的電力體制 28第二節 中國風電產業發展歷程 31第三節 地方政府與「棄風」 38第四章「挖坑等樹」:風的「資源化」與酒泉發展模式的轉變 43第一節 發展風電產業前的酒泉市 44第二節「挖坑等樹」:酒泉成為風電產業模板的策略 47第三節 酒泉發展風電產業的成效和存在的問題 51第五章「捆綁」與「撐傘」:利用風電產業的發展策略 55第一節 捆綁利益:藉助風電相關產業實現經濟社會發展 56第二節 撐起綠色和西部開發保護傘 62第六章 環境政策作為轉機:發展的新模式和西部地區發展的可能 65第一節 地方政府新行為模式的理論意義 67第二節 「酒泉模式」的現實意義 71第七章 結論 73參考文獻 75 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3118735 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012610241 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 風電產業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地方政府 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 挖坑等樹 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 矛盾捆綁 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地方撐傘 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Wind power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Local government en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digging hole and waiting trees en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contradictions bundling en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Local Umbrella en_US dc.title (題名) 風電產業在中國西部: 一種新的地方政府行為模式 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Wind Power Industry in China`s Western Region: A New Behavior Pattern of Local Government en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部份 書籍王紹光. (1997). 分權的底線: 北京, 中國計畫出版社.周飛舟. (2012). 以利為利: 財政關系与地方政府行为. 上海三聯書店.周黎安. (2008). 轉型中的地方政府:官員激勵與治理. 格致出版社.湯京平. (2011). 環境變遷與治理. 王振寰,湯京平,宋國誠編, "中國大陸暨兩岸關係研究(政大中國研究叢書1)". 台北: 巨流.劉振亞. (2012). 中國電力與能源. 中國電力出版社, 104﹣109. 期刊論文王漢生, & 王一鸽. (2009). 目標管理責任制: 農村基層政權的實踐邏輯. 社會學研究, 2, 61-92.折曉葉, & 陳嬰嬰. (2011). 項目制的分級運作机制和治理邏輯. 中國社會科學, 4, 126-148.周飛舟. (2006). 分稅制十年: 制度及其影響. 中國社會科學, 6, 100-115. 周業安 & 章泉. (2008). 市場化, 財政分權和中國經濟增長. 中國人民大學學報, 1, 34-42. 周黎安. (2004). 晉升博弈中政府官員的激勵與合作. 經濟研究, 6, 33-40. 周黎安. (2007). 中國地方官員的晉升錦標賽模式研究. 經濟研究, 7(36), 36-50.周黎安. (2014). 行政發包制. 社會, 34(6), 1-38.楊明基. (2011). 金融支持甘肅風電產業發展探析. 中國金融, (8), 70-71.瞿宛文. (2009). 超赶共識監督下的中國產業政策模式. 經濟學 (季刊), 8(2). 英文部份 書籍Yu, Hongyuan. (2008). Global Warming and China’s Environmental Diplomacy. Nova Publishers.Huang, Y. (2008). Capitalism with Chinese characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the state (Vol. 1). Cambridge Univ Press.Naughton, B. (2007). The Chinese economy: Transitions and growth. MIT Press Books, 1. Oi, J. C. (1999). 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