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題名 文官菁英文化與電子化參與－以計畫行為理論的觀點
Elite Culture and E-Participation in the Public Sector – Perspectives from Theory of Planned Behavior作者 熊子翔
Hsiung, Tzu Hsiang貢獻者 蕭乃沂
Hsiao, Naiyi
熊子翔
Hsiung, Tzu Hsiang關鍵詞 電子化參與
計畫行為理論
菁英文化
組織文化
民意論壇
E-Participation
Theory of Planned Behavior
Elite Culture
Organizational Culture
E-Forum日期 2014 上傳時間 1-七月-2015 14:57:20 (UTC+8) 摘要 資訊與通訊科技的發達，公部門將其應用在公民參與，形成電子化參與。然而，由於政策議題的複雜使得一般大眾對其不甚了解而選擇冷漠，一般大眾將此種複雜的議題交給公部門中的行政菁英作決策，長久以來形成菁英文化。雖然近年來，文官致力於推展電子化參與，但電子化參與所獲得的網路民意，多半具有非理性、瑣碎、情緒化等特性，可能促使公部門菁英文化更加顯著，而影響電子化參與的推展。為了解公部門菁英文化是否會影響文官電子化參與的推展，利用計畫行為理論為研究架構。然而，由於計畫行為理論經常用於非組織內行為的研究，因此忽略組織無形因素的影響（例如：組織文化），因此本研究在利用計畫行為理論為研究架構檢視文官推展電子化參與時，特別納入菁英文化。本研究以文官推展網路民意論壇為研究範圍，採用問卷調查法，以非隨機抽樣，發放250份問卷，回收185份，回收率為74%，有效問卷為179份。本研究主要發現為，第一、以計畫行為理論檢視組織內個體行為，雖然皆有顧及資源和機會等組織有形的影響因素，然而，許多研究忽略組織抽象的影響因素，如組織氣候，組織文化等。第二、菁英文化對於文官推展民意論壇的行為意圖有其影響性，只是僅有菁英文化其中之一的概念－公務人員相對於民眾對本身知識的看法對於行為意圖有影響，另一概念－公務人員相對於民眾對本身主導與影響力的看法則無影響。第三、計畫行為理論預測行為意圖僅考量態度、主觀規範、認知行為控制，然而，本研究認為在檢視文官推展民意論壇行為意圖時，更需考量菁英文化對行為意圖的直接影響。為了改善菁英文化對於文官推展民意論壇的影響，本研究對此提出的實務建議有三，第一、利用願景工作坊改善文官對於菁英文化的看法，第二、促使電子化參與制度化使得網路民意品質提升，第三、文官民意分析能力提升以及機關資源的有效利用，促使文官提高推展民意論壇的行為頻率。而本研究後續研究建議有五，第一、樣本代表性的改善，第二、檢驗電子化參與的不同個案，第三、應用結構方程模型及質化研究方法，第四、檢視菁英文化與主觀規範之間的中介變項，第五、檢視菁英文化與行為意圖之間的調節變項。
The civil servants have set into e-participation due to the fast development of information communication technologies (ICTs). However, because the public can’t understand policy domain knowledge in decision making, they expect the civil servants to cope with these professional matters. This long-term dependence on the civil servants and their expertise may foster the elite culture in the public sector and the elite culture has also impact on the civil servants’ intention for e-participation. In my thesis, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used to design and survey the above-mentioned elite culture situation for the public servants dealing with e-participation. The survey focuses on the civil servants’ intention and behavior of handling e-forum. 250 copies of questionnaires (non-probability sampling) are distributed and 185 copies returned, with 179 valid responses. Through data analysis, there are three key research findings. First, the majority of the existing research includes the physical organizational factors such as organizational resources. However, many previous studies do not include the implicit organizational factors such as organizational climate, organizational culture. Second, elite culture has general impact on the civil servants’ intention of setting into e-forum. However, only the civil servants’ evaluation of citizens’ policy expertise has impact on the intention; the other concepts fail to affect their attitude. Third, the study proposes to add elite culture to the existing TPB framework when we study the civil servants’ intention of setting into e-forum.To change elite culture’s impact on the civil servants’ intention, my thesis addresses three pragmatic suggestions. First, the civil servants can change their perspectives of elite culture through the scenario workshop. Second, the institutionalization of e-participation can enhance the quality of public opinions. Third, the enhancement of the civil servants’ ability of public opinions analysis and efficiency of organization resources can contribute to their performance of e-participation. 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國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
101256010
103資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012560102 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蕭乃沂 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsiao, Naiyi en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 熊子翔 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Hsiung, Tzu Hsiang en_US dc.creator (作者) 熊子翔 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsiung, Tzu Hsiang en_US dc.date (日期) 2014 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-七月-2015 14:57:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-七月-2015 14:57:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-七月-2015 14:57:20 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1012560102 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76236 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101256010 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 資訊與通訊科技的發達，公部門將其應用在公民參與，形成電子化參與。然而，由於政策議題的複雜使得一般大眾對其不甚了解而選擇冷漠，一般大眾將此種複雜的議題交給公部門中的行政菁英作決策，長久以來形成菁英文化。雖然近年來，文官致力於推展電子化參與，但電子化參與所獲得的網路民意，多半具有非理性、瑣碎、情緒化等特性，可能促使公部門菁英文化更加顯著，而影響電子化參與的推展。為了解公部門菁英文化是否會影響文官電子化參與的推展，利用計畫行為理論為研究架構。然而，由於計畫行為理論經常用於非組織內行為的研究，因此忽略組織無形因素的影響（例如：組織文化），因此本研究在利用計畫行為理論為研究架構檢視文官推展電子化參與時，特別納入菁英文化。本研究以文官推展網路民意論壇為研究範圍，採用問卷調查法，以非隨機抽樣，發放250份問卷，回收185份，回收率為74%，有效問卷為179份。本研究主要發現為，第一、以計畫行為理論檢視組織內個體行為，雖然皆有顧及資源和機會等組織有形的影響因素，然而，許多研究忽略組織抽象的影響因素，如組織氣候，組織文化等。第二、菁英文化對於文官推展民意論壇的行為意圖有其影響性，只是僅有菁英文化其中之一的概念－公務人員相對於民眾對本身知識的看法對於行為意圖有影響，另一概念－公務人員相對於民眾對本身主導與影響力的看法則無影響。第三、計畫行為理論預測行為意圖僅考量態度、主觀規範、認知行為控制，然而，本研究認為在檢視文官推展民意論壇行為意圖時，更需考量菁英文化對行為意圖的直接影響。為了改善菁英文化對於文官推展民意論壇的影響，本研究對此提出的實務建議有三，第一、利用願景工作坊改善文官對於菁英文化的看法，第二、促使電子化參與制度化使得網路民意品質提升，第三、文官民意分析能力提升以及機關資源的有效利用，促使文官提高推展民意論壇的行為頻率。而本研究後續研究建議有五，第一、樣本代表性的改善，第二、檢驗電子化參與的不同個案，第三、應用結構方程模型及質化研究方法，第四、檢視菁英文化與主觀規範之間的中介變項，第五、檢視菁英文化與行為意圖之間的調節變項。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The civil servants have set into e-participation due to the fast development of information communication technologies (ICTs). However, because the public can’t understand policy domain knowledge in decision making, they expect the civil servants to cope with these professional matters. This long-term dependence on the civil servants and their expertise may foster the elite culture in the public sector and the elite culture has also impact on the civil servants’ intention for e-participation. In my thesis, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used to design and survey the above-mentioned elite culture situation for the public servants dealing with e-participation. The survey focuses on the civil servants’ intention and behavior of handling e-forum. 250 copies of questionnaires (non-probability sampling) are distributed and 185 copies returned, with 179 valid responses. Through data analysis, there are three key research findings. First, the majority of the existing research includes the physical organizational factors such as organizational resources. However, many previous studies do not include the implicit organizational factors such as organizational climate, organizational culture. Second, elite culture has general impact on the civil servants’ intention of setting into e-forum. However, only the civil servants’ evaluation of citizens’ policy expertise has impact on the intention; the other concepts fail to affect their attitude. Third, the study proposes to add elite culture to the existing TPB framework when we study the civil servants’ intention of setting into e-forum.To change elite culture’s impact on the civil servants’ intention, my thesis addresses three pragmatic suggestions. First, the civil servants can change their perspectives of elite culture through the scenario workshop. Second, the institutionalization of e-participation can enhance the quality of public opinions. Third, the enhancement of the civil servants’ ability of public opinions analysis and efficiency of organization resources can contribute to their performance of e-participation. The following research suggestions are recommended, including improving the representative of samples, studying multiple cases of e-participation, applying structural equation modeling and qualitative methods, studying the potential mediating variables between elite culture and subjective norm, and studying the moderating variables between elite culture and intention. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次 I表次 III圖次 V第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機 2第三節 研究問題與目的 5第四節 研究流程 6第二章 電子化參與及菁英文化 9第一節 公民參與 9第二節 電子化參與 12第三節 電子化參與及公部門菁英文化 16第四節 本章小結 21第三章 計畫行為理論 23第一節 計畫行為理論的意涵 23第二節 計畫行為理論的延伸應用 25第三節 計畫行為理論應用於組織內部行為的檢視 37第四節 以計畫行為理論檢視電子化參與 39第五節 本章小結 42第四章 研究設計 43第一節 研究架構 43第二節 問卷調查法 47第五章 構面檢測與修正 57第一節 構面修正前之信度分析 57第二節 效度分析（探索性因素分析） 58第三節 構面修正後之信度分析 62第六章 研究架構分析與討論 63第一節 樣本特性 63第二節 敘述統計 67第三節 交叉分析 79第四節 路徑分析 94第七章 結論與建議 111第一節 研究結論 111第二節 實務建議 113第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 114參考文獻 117附錄 125附錄一、 問卷 125附錄二、 探索性因素分析之相關性檢測 131附錄三、 探索性因素分析之反映像相關檢測 133附錄四、 因素分析結果表 135 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2693197 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012560102 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子化參與 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 計畫行為理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 菁英文化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織文化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民意論壇 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) E-Participation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Theory of Planned Behavior en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Elite Culture en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Culture en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) E-Forum en_US dc.title (題名) 文官菁英文化與電子化參與－以計畫行為理論的觀點 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Elite Culture and E-Participation in the Public Sector – Perspectives from Theory of Planned Behavior en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻中央研究院（2011）。中央研究院週報（1314期）。資料來源： http://www.sinica.edu.tw/as/weekly/100/1314/1314.pdf王郁雯、柯惠玲、嚴雅音、林盈諄、林碧莉、胡智揚、黃曉靈（2013）。應用計畫行為理論探討青少年戒菸意圖及其影響因素－以南部某醫護專科學校為例。台灣口腔醫學科學雜誌，28(1)，4-22。王毓正（2010）。從奧爾胡斯公約檢視我國環境影響評估法制中民眾參與之規範。公共行政學報，35，61-117。任文瑗、范錚強、許通安（2006）。資訊隱私侵害行為意圖之研究。資訊、科技與社會，6(2)，77-100。行政院研究發展考核委員會（2013）。第四階段電子化政府計畫（101年至105年）。朱斌妤、葉旭榮、黃俊英（2002）。「志工參與行為意向模式」的建構及其在老人福利機構志工招募的應用。管理學報，19(3)，475-505。朱斌妤、韓婷婷（2007）。民眾參與環境影響評估因素：一行為意圖模型分析。空大行政學報，18，25-62。杜文苓（2012）。環評制度中的專家會議—被框架的專家理性。臺灣民主季刊，9(3)，119-155。杜文苓、陳致中（2007）。民眾參與公共決策的反思：以竹科宜蘭基地設置為例。臺灣民主季刊，4(3)，33-62。余致力（2002）。民意與公共政策：理論探討與實證研究。臺北：五南。汪明生、陳正料、林錦郎（2005）。政府內部顧客參與行為之研究：以都市垃圾清運業務委外案為例。公共行政學報，15，81-129。巫佩蓉（2011）。電子化參與對地方政府之影響析探：臺北市1999市民當家熱線的個案研究。國立東華大學公共行政研究所碩士學位論文，未出版，花蓮。邱皓政（2013）。量化研究法（二）：統計原理與分析技術（修訂版）。臺北：雙葉書廊。吳濟華、葉晉嘉、周佳儀（2005）。高雄都會區女性住宅消費行為意向之研究。住宅學報，14(1)，67-84。林清壽、梁翡真（2013）。中高齡者參與國內旅遊行為意向之探究。福祉科技與服務管理學刊，1(2)，105-122。范玫芳（2008）。科技、民主與公民身份：安坑灰渣掩埋場設置爭議之個案研究。台灣政治學刊，12(1)，185-228。范玫芳、邱智民（2011）。英國基因改造作物與食品公共辯論：公民參與科技政策模式之評估。公共行政學報，41，103-133。范玫芳、張簡妙琳（2013）。科學知識與水政治：旗山溪治水爭議之個案研究。人文及社會科學集刊，26(1)，133-173。洪榮昭、傅惠筠（2012）。大專校院學生節能減碳行為意國之研究。教育心理學報，44(2)，373-388。孫本初（2009）。新公共管理（修訂二版）。臺北：一品。孫悅耘（2013）。電子化參與指標之建立與機制分析。國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士學位論文，未出版，臺北。陳文蓉（2007）。內部行銷、組織文化對員工知識分享意圖影響之研究－以新竹科學園區通訊產業為例。銘傳大學管理研究所博士學位論文，未出版，臺北。陳俊明、蕭乃沂（2004）。網際網路時代公民直接參與的機會與挑戰：民意電子信箱的再檢視。電子化民主新趨勢研討會，高雄。陳敦源、呂佳螢（2009）。循證公共行政下的文官調查：台灣經驗的觀點、方法、與實務意義。公共行政學報，31，187-225。陳敦源、李仲彬、黃東益（2007）。應用資訊通訊科技可以改善「公眾接觸」嗎？台灣個案的分析。東吳政治學報，25，51-92。陳敦源、黃東益、李仲彬、蕭乃沂、林子倫（2008）。資訊通訊科技下的審議式民主：線上與實體公民會議比較分析。行政暨政策學報，46，49-106。陳敦源、黃東益、蕭乃沂（2004）。電子化參與：公共政策過程中的網路公民參與。研考雙月刊，28(4)，36-51。陳敦源、黃東益、蕭乃沂、郭思禹（2006）。官僚回應性與內部顧客關係管理：臺北市政府市長信箱個案研究。行政暨政策學報，42，143-182。陳敦源、潘競恆（2011）。政府就是「我們」：Web 2.0 時代民主治理的希望或幻夢？。研考雙月刊，35(4)，23-35。陳瑜芬、鄭凱文（2009）。e好了沒？電子治理在臺灣。研習論壇，107，21-29。張志銘、陳南琦、林忠政（2012）。結合科技接受模式與計畫行為理論探討參與Wii運動型遊戲之行為意圖。運動與遊憩研究，7(1)，53-67。張玲星（2006）。資訊系統發展中政治行為之意圖：以計畫行為理論為基礎之研究－MIS專業人員與使用者差異之比較。管理學報，23(3)，347-365。張素偵（2002）。菁英理論在公立學校教師績效評量制度政策分析上的應用。臺北市立師範學院學報，33，417-428。張鐙文（2009）。我國地方行政主管對電子化參與之認知與行為：計畫行為理論觀點的檢證。世新大學行政管理學系碩士學位論文，未出版，臺北。張鳳航、張珏、鄭雅文（2012）。從計畫行為理論觀點，探討雇主僱用精障者意願及其相關因素。中華心理衛生學刊，25(1)，73-104。湯京平、邱崇原（2010）。專業與民主：台灣環境影響評估制度的運作與調適。公共行政學報，35，1-28。黃日鉦、林承賢（2013）。以計畫行為理論探討縮短數位落差之持續使用行為研究。商學略報，5(1)，57-78。黃東益、陳敦源（2004）。電子化政府與商議式民主之實踐。電子化民主新趨勢研討會，高雄。黃東益、陳敦源、陳俊明、蕭乃沂（2004）。數位時代商議式民主的實驗原型：線上公民顧問團。研考雙月刊，28(1)，81-91。黃東益、蕭乃沂、陳敦源（2003）。網際網路時代公民直接參與的機會與挑戰：臺北市市長電子信箱的個案研究。東吳政治學報，17，121-151。黃耀宗、陳東韋、蔣憶德、季力康（2013）。計畫行為理論對運動傷害復健遵從行為之行動計畫及預期遺憾的預測。大專體育學刊，15(3)，288-299。曾冠球、陳敦源、胡龍騰（2009）。推展公民導向的電子化政府：願景或幻想？公共行政學報，33，1-43。項靖（2005）。數位化治理與資訊政策。臺北：秀威。葉俊榮（2004）。電子化民主對民主政治發展之意涵。研考雙月刊，28(4)，12-24。葉美春、阮明淑（2007）。使用者採用知識管理系統之影響因素研究－理論模型的比較取向。圖書資訊學刊，5(1&2)，69-90。楊仁鈐（2008）。官僚對傳統及電子化參與之態度差異與影響因素：以行政院環保署為例。世新大學行政管理學系碩士學位論文，未出版，臺北。鄭光廷、徐士傑、林東清（2011）。影響使用者持續使用Web 2.0傳遞與分享知識之研究。資訊管理學報，19(2)，249-274。廖洲棚（2006）。基層官僚人員提供線上申辦服務之評估：以臺北市政府為例。政策研究學報，6，133-171。廖洲棚、陳敦源、廖興中（2013）。揭開地方文官回應民意的「秘箱」：台灣六都1999熱線的質化分析。文官制度季刊，5(1)，49-84。廖洲棚、陳敦源、蕭乃沂、廖興中（2013）。運用巨量資料實踐良善治理：網路民意導入政府決策分析之可行性研究。行政院國家科學委員會委託電子治理研究中心之研究成果報告（編號：RDEC-MIS-102-003），未出版。蕭乃沂（2004）。公民關係管理與政策問題建構：以民意電子信箱為起點。國家政策季刊，3(1)，155-174。蕭乃沂、陳敦源、黃東益（2003）。網路民主政府－台北市「市長信箱的評估與前瞻」。研考雙月刊，27(1)，100-110。羅晉（2008）。電子化參與的效益與風險：民眾對政府網站的認知與使用行為之初探。資訊社會研究，15，181-208。羅清俊（2010）。社會科學研究法方法：打開天窗說量化（第二版）。臺北：威仕曼文化。英文文獻Aikins, S. & Krane, D. 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