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題名 中美洲的貿易與衝突及其對貝里斯與瓜地馬拉的意涵 ( 2001 -2013)
Trade and Conflict in Central America: The Implication on Belize and Guatemala (2001-2013)
作者 羅美珊
Rodriguez, Melissa Nicole
貢獻者 張文揚
Chang, Wen Yang
羅美珊
Rodriguez, Melissa Nicole
關鍵詞 貿易
衝突
中美洲
Trade
Conflict
Central America
日期 2014
上傳時間 1-Jul-2015 15:07:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 多年來的中美洲領土爭端的進展，中央美洲國家已成功地將其與時間的措施減少的邊境軍事化的可能性糾紛。
本研究探討與否的參數貿易減少領土衝突的可能性適用於中美洲的情況。
一個典型案例研究和時間序列交叉二人組合GEE（廣義估計方程）模型用於分析貿易衝突的領土在中美洲的影響;用於得出結論，兩國之間的貿易越高降低相互依存的可能性軍事化的衝突。
Over the years of progression of the Central American territorial disputes, the Central
American nations have successfully incorporated measures which have with time reduced the
possibilities of militarize boarder disputes. This research explores whether or not the argument
that trade reduces the likelihood of territorial conflict applies to the case of Central America. An
illustrative case study and a time-series cross-dyads GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations)
model applied to analyze the impact of trade on territorial conflict in Central America; were used
to conclude that higher trade interdependence between two countries decrease the likelihood of
militarized conflict.
參考文獻 Bibliography
Belize Trade and Invest Zone,. `Belize - Guatemala Partial Scope Agreement`. N.p., 2015. Web.
Retrieved 18 May 2015 http://www.belize.org/tiz/belize-guatemala-partial-scope-agreement .
Barbieri, Katherine. 1996. ―Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or a Source of Interstate
Conflict?‖ Journal of Peace Research 33 (No.1): 29-49.
Bolland, O, Nigel. 1977. The formation of a Colonial Society: Belize, from Conquest to Crown Colony.
Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press
Bolland, O, Nigel. 2003. Colonialism and Resistance in Belize. First Published 1988, second published
2003. Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago: University of West Indies Press
Caribbean Community Secretariat,. RESOLUTION ON BELIZE/GUATEMALA RELATIONS ISSUED
BY THE HEADS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) AND
CANADA AT THEIR SIXTH SUMMIT MEETING, 19 JANUARY 2001, MONTEGO BAY,
JAMAICA. 2014. Web. 18 May 2015.
www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/2001.jsp?menu=communications
Cullen F, Goenner. 2011 ―Simultaneity between Trade and Conflict: Endogenous Instruments of Mass
Destruction Research‖. Conflict Management and Peace Science 28 (5): 459-477
Collins, Alan 2012. Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.
Copeland, Dale. 1996. ―Economic Interdependence and War A Theory of Trade
Expectation‖. International Security 20 (4): 5- 41.
Courtnenay, Eamon. Guatemala And Belize Sign Trade Agreement. 2015. TV. Montserrat Gorina Ysern
2000 OAS Mediates in Belize-Guatemala Border Dispute volume 5: Issues Release 20
57
http://asil.org/insights/volume/5/issue/20/oas-mediates-belize-guatemala-border-dispute May 6,
2015
CTV3 Publisher,. `The Issue Of The Belize/Guatemala Referendum Resurfaces`. CTV News. N.p., 2013.
Web. 18 May 2015.
Doyle, W, Michael. 2005. ―Three Pillars of the Liberal Peace‖, American Political Science Review 99
( 3): 63-466.
Fearon, D, James. 1995. ―Rationalist Explanations for War‖. International Organization 49 (3): 379–
414.
Gasiorowski, J, Mark. 1986 ―Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: Some CrossNational
Evidence‖, International Studies Quarterly 30 (1): 23–38.
Ghosn, F., Palmer, G. & Bremer, S. (2004). The MID3 Data Set, 1993–2001: Procedures, Coding Rules,
and Description. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 21, 133-154.
Hegre, Håvard, 2004. ‗Size Asymmetry, Trade, and Militarized Conflict‘, Journal of Conflict Resolution
48(3): 403-429
Hegre, Håvard, 2005. ―Development and liberal Peace‖, Nordic, Journal of Political Economy 31 (3):
17 -16
Hensel, P. R. & Mitchell, S. M. 2005. ―Issue indivisibility and territorial claims‖. GeoJournal,
64(4): 275-285
Hensel, P. R. 2001. ―Contentious issues and world politics: territorial claims in the Americas,
1816-1992‖. International Studies Quarterly, 45(1), 81-109.
58
Hensel, Paul R., Sara McLaughlin Mitchell, Thomas E. Sowers II, and Clayton L. Thyne (2008). "Bones
of Contention: Comparing Territorial, Maritime, and River Issues." Journal of Conflict
Resolution 52, 1: 117-143
Hensel, Paul R 2013 The ICOW Territorial Claims Data Set : Version 1.01 Online:
http://correlatesofwar.org (accessed January 17 , 2014)
Huth, P. K. 1996. Standing Your Ground: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict. Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Huth, P. K. & Allee, T, L. 2002. The democratic peace and territorial conflict in the twentieth
Century. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Jervis, Robert 2002. ―Theories of War in an Era of Leading Power Peace‖, America Political
Science Review, 96(1):1-14
Kant, Immanuel. 1970. Perpetual Peace. In Kant’s PoliticalWritings,ed. Hans Reiss; trans. H. B. Nisbet.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Korres George M. 2007 Regionalisation, Growth, and Economic Integration Univesity of the Aegean
University Hill 811 Mytilene Greece
Lauterpacht.E , Judge Schwebel Stephen ,Professor Shabtai Rosenne & Professor Francisco Orrego
Vicuña. 2001 Legal Opinion on Guatemala‘s Territorial Claim to Belize, Government of Belize
Lee H and Mitchell, SM. 2012 ―Foreign direct investment and Territorial Dispute‖. Journal of conflict
and resolution 56 (4) 675-704
59
Mearsheimer, J. 1992. ―Disorder Restored.‖ In Rethinking America’s Security: Beyond C Cold War to
New World Order, edited by G. T. Allison and G. Treverton,. New York: W. W. Norton.
Morrow, D, James. 1999 ―How Could Trade Affect Conflict?‖, Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 481—
489.
Noble, Alissa. `Guatemala And Belize Sign Trade Agreement`. News 5. N.p., 2006. Web. 18 May 2015.
Emile Mena, President of the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Guatemala and Belize
Sign Trade Agreement. 2015. TV. http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/9078 May 6, 2015
Oneal, John ,R Frances H, Oneal. Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett 1996. ―The Liberal Peace:
Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict 1950-85.‖ Journal of Peace Research
33(1): 11-28
Oneal, John R. and Bruce Russett (1997) ―The Classical Liberals Were Right: Democracy,
Interdependence, and Conflict‖, 1950–85‘, International Studies Quarterly 41(2): 267–94.
Oneal, John R. & Bruce M. Russett, 1999a. ―Assessing the Liberal Peace with Alternative
Specifications:Trade Still Reduces Conflict‖, Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 423-442.
Orozco, Manuel 2001. ―Boundary Disputes in Central America: Past Trends and Present
Developments.‖Pensamiento propio 14 : 99-134.
Palmer, Glenn, Vito D`Orazio, Michael Kenwick, and Matthew Lane. 2013. "The MID4 Data Set, 2002-
2010: Procedures, Coding Rules and Description." Conflict Management and Peace Science
http://www.correlatesofwar.org/COW2%20Data/MIDs/MID40.html#data (accessed January 08,
2015)
Perez A., C Chuang., F Afero 2009 ―Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute and its implications for
conservation‖ Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science 2(1):11-24
Polachek, Solomon W., 1980. ―Conflict and Trade‖, Journal of Conflict Resolution 24(1): 55-78.
60
Polachek, Solomon W and Judy McDonald, 1992, ―Strategic Trade and the Incentives for Cooperation‖,
pp.273 -284 in Manas Chatterji and Linda Forcey, eds, Disarmament, Conversion and Peace
Management, New York Praeger
Polachek, Solomon W., John Robst, and Yuan-Ching Chang1999 ―Liberalism and
Interdependence: Extending the Trade-Conflict Model.‖ Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 405-
422,
Pollins, Brian M. 1989. ―Conflict, cooperation, and commerce: The effect of international political
interactions on bilateral trade flows‖. American Journal of Political Science 33(3): 737–761.
Ruiz-Dana, Alejandra Goldschagg, Peter Claro, Edmundo Blanco Hernán 2007 : Regional Integration.
Trade and Conflict in Latin America. Chile, IISD.ORG
http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/tas_rta_latin_america.pdf (retrieved : October 6 2014 )
Russett, Bruce, and John O‘Neal. 2001. Triangulating Peace. New York: Norton.
Senese, D, Paul. 2005. ―Territory, Contiguity, and International Conflict: Assessing a New Joint
Explanation‖ American Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 769-779
Shoman Assad 2000. The 13 chapters history of Belize. Belize: Angelus pres limited. 1st edition 1994
Shoman, Assad. 2010. Belize’s Independence and Decolonization in Latin America:
Guatemala, Britain and the UN Palgrave St. Martins : Mcmillan Press 2010
61
Simmons, Beth A 2006 Trade and Territorial Conflict in Latin America: International Borders as
Institutions, in Miles Kahler and Barbara Walter (eds.), Territoriality and Conflict in an
Era of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simmons Beth A 2005 ―Rules over Real Estate: Trade, Territorial Conflict, and International Borders
as Institution‖: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 49(6): 823-848
Smith, Adam (1776/1904). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin
Cannan. Library of Economics and Liberty. 17 December 2014.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html
Thompson P.A.B. 2005, A Concise History of Belize McMillan education , first published1804
Oxford McMillan Caribbean
Waltz, Kenneth, 1979. Theory of International Politics, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Wiegand Krista Eileen 2011 Enduring Territorial Disputes: Strategies of Bargaining, Coercive
Diplomacy and settlement. Athens Georgia: University of Georgia Press
World Trade Organization, 2003. ‗10 Benefits of the WTO Trading System‘. Geneva: WTO, July 7,
http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report_2003_e.pdf (accessed
December 08, 2014
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)
102862019
103
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1028620191
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張文揚zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Wen Yangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅美珊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Rodriguez, Melissa Nicoleen_US
dc.creator (作者) 羅美珊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Rodriguez, Melissa Nicoleen_US
dc.date (日期) 2014en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2015 15:07:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2015 15:07:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2015 15:07:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1028620191en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76273-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102862019zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 103zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 多年來的中美洲領土爭端的進展，中央美洲國家已成功地將其與時間的措施減少的邊境軍事化的可能性糾紛。
本研究探討與否的參數貿易減少領土衝突的可能性適用於中美洲的情況。
一個典型案例研究和時間序列交叉二人組合GEE（廣義估計方程）模型用於分析貿易衝突的領土在中美洲的影響;用於得出結論，兩國之間的貿易越高降低相互依存的可能性軍事化的衝突。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Over the years of progression of the Central American territorial disputes, the Central
American nations have successfully incorporated measures which have with time reduced the
possibilities of militarize boarder disputes. This research explores whether or not the argument
that trade reduces the likelihood of territorial conflict applies to the case of Central America. An
illustrative case study and a time-series cross-dyads GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations)
model applied to analyze the impact of trade on territorial conflict in Central America; were used
to conclude that higher trade interdependence between two countries decrease the likelihood of
militarized conflict.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
Acknowledgements........................................8
Chapter1................................................9
Introduction............................................9
1.1 Puzzle..............................................9
1.2 ResearchQuestion....................................9
1.3 Research Purpose ................................. 10
1.4 Methodology ...................................... 13
1.5 Limitations ...................................... 14
Chapter 2............................................. 16
Literature Review......................................16
2.1 Trade Reduces Conflict............................ 16
2.2 Trade Does not Deter Conflict .................... 19
2.3 Hypothesis........................................ 22
Chapter 3............................................. 23
Trade and Territorial conflict in Central America: a Quantitative Analysis ................................ 23
3.1 Introduction ..................................... 23
3.2 Why Study Central American Territorial Conflict.............................................. 24
3.3 Case of Territorial Disputes in Central America............................................... 25
El Salvador and Honduras ............................. 25
Nicaragua – El Salvador – Honduras.............................................. 26
Nicaragua and Honduras....................................................................................................... 27
Costa Rica and Nicaragua.............................. 27
Guatemala – Belize ................................... 28
3.3 Research Design................................... 29
Research Sample and Unit of Analysis.................. 30
Operationalizing Variables: .......................... 30
3.4 Results........................................... 31
3.5 Chapter Summary:.................................. 32
Chapter 4............................................. 34
Trade and Territorial Conflict-A Case Study of Belize and Guatemala: Qualitative Study.......................... 34
3
4.1 Introduction ..................................... 34
4.2 Historical Background............................. 35
4.3 Historical Research Context....................... 39
4.4 Trade and Conflict: Case study of Belize and Guatemala ............................................ 41
4.5 Chapter Summary............................................... 48
Chapter 5............................................. 50
Conclusion ........................................... 50
5.1 Overview ......................................... 50
5.2 Policy Implications/Recommendations.......................... 53
Bibliography ......................................... 56
Appendix.............................................. 62
Tables................................................ 62
Figures............................................... 66		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1425778 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1028620191en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貿易zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 衝突zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中美洲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tradeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Conflicten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Central Americaen_US
dc.title (題名) 中美洲的貿易與衝突及其對貝里斯與瓜地馬拉的意涵 ( 2001 -2013)zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Trade and Conflict in Central America: The Implication on Belize and Guatemala (2001-2013)en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography
Belize Trade and Invest Zone,. `Belize - Guatemala Partial Scope Agreement`. N.p., 2015. Web.
Retrieved 18 May 2015 http://www.belize.org/tiz/belize-guatemala-partial-scope-agreement .
Barbieri, Katherine. 1996. ―Economic Interdependence: A Path to Peace or a Source of Interstate
Conflict?‖ Journal of Peace Research 33 (No.1): 29-49.
Bolland, O, Nigel. 1977. The formation of a Colonial Society: Belize, from Conquest to Crown Colony.
Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press
Bolland, O, Nigel. 2003. Colonialism and Resistance in Belize. First Published 1988, second published
2003. Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago: University of West Indies Press
Caribbean Community Secretariat,. RESOLUTION ON BELIZE/GUATEMALA RELATIONS ISSUED
BY THE HEADS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) AND
CANADA AT THEIR SIXTH SUMMIT MEETING, 19 JANUARY 2001, MONTEGO BAY,
JAMAICA. 2014. Web. 18 May 2015.
www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/2001.jsp?menu=communications
Cullen F, Goenner. 2011 ―Simultaneity between Trade and Conflict: Endogenous Instruments of Mass
Destruction Research‖. Conflict Management and Peace Science 28 (5): 459-477
Collins, Alan 2012. Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.
Copeland, Dale. 1996. ―Economic Interdependence and War A Theory of Trade
Expectation‖. International Security 20 (4): 5- 41.
Courtnenay, Eamon. Guatemala And Belize Sign Trade Agreement. 2015. TV. Montserrat Gorina Ysern
2000 OAS Mediates in Belize-Guatemala Border Dispute volume 5: Issues Release 20
57
http://asil.org/insights/volume/5/issue/20/oas-mediates-belize-guatemala-border-dispute May 6,
2015
CTV3 Publisher,. `The Issue Of The Belize/Guatemala Referendum Resurfaces`. CTV News. N.p., 2013.
Web. 18 May 2015.
Doyle, W, Michael. 2005. ―Three Pillars of the Liberal Peace‖, American Political Science Review 99
( 3): 63-466.
Fearon, D, James. 1995. ―Rationalist Explanations for War‖. International Organization 49 (3): 379–
414.
Gasiorowski, J, Mark. 1986 ―Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: Some CrossNational
Evidence‖, International Studies Quarterly 30 (1): 23–38.
Ghosn, F., Palmer, G. & Bremer, S. (2004). The MID3 Data Set, 1993–2001: Procedures, Coding Rules,
and Description. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 21, 133-154.
Hegre, Håvard, 2004. ‗Size Asymmetry, Trade, and Militarized Conflict‘, Journal of Conflict Resolution
48(3): 403-429
Hegre, Håvard, 2005. ―Development and liberal Peace‖, Nordic, Journal of Political Economy 31 (3):
17 -16
Hensel, P. R. & Mitchell, S. M. 2005. ―Issue indivisibility and territorial claims‖. GeoJournal,
64(4): 275-285
Hensel, P. R. 2001. ―Contentious issues and world politics: territorial claims in the Americas,
1816-1992‖. International Studies Quarterly, 45(1), 81-109.
58
Hensel, Paul R., Sara McLaughlin Mitchell, Thomas E. Sowers II, and Clayton L. Thyne (2008). "Bones
of Contention: Comparing Territorial, Maritime, and River Issues." Journal of Conflict
Resolution 52, 1: 117-143
Hensel, Paul R 2013 The ICOW Territorial Claims Data Set : Version 1.01 Online:
http://correlatesofwar.org (accessed January 17 , 2014)
Huth, P. K. 1996. Standing Your Ground: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict. Ann
Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Huth, P. K. & Allee, T, L. 2002. The democratic peace and territorial conflict in the twentieth
Century. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Jervis, Robert 2002. ―Theories of War in an Era of Leading Power Peace‖, America Political
Science Review, 96(1):1-14
Kant, Immanuel. 1970. Perpetual Peace. In Kant’s PoliticalWritings,ed. Hans Reiss; trans. H. B. Nisbet.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Korres George M. 2007 Regionalisation, Growth, and Economic Integration Univesity of the Aegean
University Hill 811 Mytilene Greece
Lauterpacht.E , Judge Schwebel Stephen ,Professor Shabtai Rosenne & Professor Francisco Orrego
Vicuña. 2001 Legal Opinion on Guatemala‘s Territorial Claim to Belize, Government of Belize
Lee H and Mitchell, SM. 2012 ―Foreign direct investment and Territorial Dispute‖. Journal of conflict
and resolution 56 (4) 675-704
59
Mearsheimer, J. 1992. ―Disorder Restored.‖ In Rethinking America’s Security: Beyond C Cold War to
New World Order, edited by G. T. Allison and G. Treverton,. New York: W. W. Norton.
Morrow, D, James. 1999 ―How Could Trade Affect Conflict?‖, Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 481—
489.
Noble, Alissa. `Guatemala And Belize Sign Trade Agreement`. News 5. N.p., 2006. Web. 18 May 2015.
Emile Mena, President of the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Guatemala and Belize
Sign Trade Agreement. 2015. TV. http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/9078 May 6, 2015
Oneal, John ,R Frances H, Oneal. Zeev Maoz and Bruce Russett 1996. ―The Liberal Peace:
Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict 1950-85.‖ Journal of Peace Research
33(1): 11-28
Oneal, John R. and Bruce Russett (1997) ―The Classical Liberals Were Right: Democracy,
Interdependence, and Conflict‖, 1950–85‘, International Studies Quarterly 41(2): 267–94.
Oneal, John R. & Bruce M. Russett, 1999a. ―Assessing the Liberal Peace with Alternative
Specifications:Trade Still Reduces Conflict‖, Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 423-442.
Orozco, Manuel 2001. ―Boundary Disputes in Central America: Past Trends and Present
Developments.‖Pensamiento propio 14 : 99-134.
Palmer, Glenn, Vito D`Orazio, Michael Kenwick, and Matthew Lane. 2013. "The MID4 Data Set, 2002-
2010: Procedures, Coding Rules and Description." Conflict Management and Peace Science
http://www.correlatesofwar.org/COW2%20Data/MIDs/MID40.html#data (accessed January 08,
2015)
Perez A., C Chuang., F Afero 2009 ―Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute and its implications for
conservation‖ Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science 2(1):11-24
Polachek, Solomon W., 1980. ―Conflict and Trade‖, Journal of Conflict Resolution 24(1): 55-78.
60
Polachek, Solomon W and Judy McDonald, 1992, ―Strategic Trade and the Incentives for Cooperation‖,
pp.273 -284 in Manas Chatterji and Linda Forcey, eds, Disarmament, Conversion and Peace
Management, New York Praeger
Polachek, Solomon W., John Robst, and Yuan-Ching Chang1999 ―Liberalism and
Interdependence: Extending the Trade-Conflict Model.‖ Journal of Peace Research 36(4): 405-
422,
Pollins, Brian M. 1989. ―Conflict, cooperation, and commerce: The effect of international political
interactions on bilateral trade flows‖. American Journal of Political Science 33(3): 737–761.
Ruiz-Dana, Alejandra Goldschagg, Peter Claro, Edmundo Blanco Hernán 2007 : Regional Integration.
Trade and Conflict in Latin America. Chile, IISD.ORG
http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/tas_rta_latin_america.pdf (retrieved : October 6 2014 )
Russett, Bruce, and John O‘Neal. 2001. Triangulating Peace. New York: Norton.
Senese, D, Paul. 2005. ―Territory, Contiguity, and International Conflict: Assessing a New Joint
Explanation‖ American Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 769-779
Shoman Assad 2000. The 13 chapters history of Belize. Belize: Angelus pres limited. 1st edition 1994
Shoman, Assad. 2010. Belize’s Independence and Decolonization in Latin America:
Guatemala, Britain and the UN Palgrave St. Martins : Mcmillan Press 2010
61
Simmons, Beth A 2006 Trade and Territorial Conflict in Latin America: International Borders as
Institutions, in Miles Kahler and Barbara Walter (eds.), Territoriality and Conflict in an
Era of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simmons Beth A 2005 ―Rules over Real Estate: Trade, Territorial Conflict, and International Borders
as Institution‖: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 49(6): 823-848
Smith, Adam (1776/1904). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin
Cannan. Library of Economics and Liberty. 17 December 2014.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN.html
Thompson P.A.B. 2005, A Concise History of Belize McMillan education , first published1804
Oxford McMillan Caribbean
Waltz, Kenneth, 1979. Theory of International Politics, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Wiegand Krista Eileen 2011 Enduring Territorial Disputes: Strategies of Bargaining, Coercive
Diplomacy and settlement. Athens Georgia: University of Georgia Press
World Trade Organization, 2003. ‗10 Benefits of the WTO Trading System‘. Geneva: WTO, July 7,
http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/world_trade_report_2003_e.pdf (accessed
December 08, 2014		zh_TW