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題名 探討天生全球化企業之因素-以中國中小企業為例
The factors of Born Globals: Take Chinese SMEs for example
作者 徐素圓
Hsu, Su Yuan
貢獻者 簡睿哲
Jean, Ruey Jer
徐素圓
Hsu, Su Yuan
關鍵詞 天生全球化企業
中小企業國際化
電子商務採用
Born Global
SMEs internationalization
e-commerce adoption
日期 2015
上傳時間 3-Aug-2015 13:15:52 (UTC+8)
摘要 全球經濟穩定成長帶動企業國際化，並對中國企業對外發展提供強烈支持，而國際企業的型態也隨著貿易障礙下降而不斷演變成各式樣貌，企業逐漸改變傳統早期的漸進式國際化發展階段，而演變為自企業創立之初即具備全球化經營能力的天生全球化企業(Born Globals)，這股新興國際企業型態在開發中國家的形成過程，對國際企業理論與學術研究而言是重要且值得探討的議題。
過去研究對於天生全球化企業的定義目前未有一致之認知，且對其形成因素也有多種不同看法，然而相對於大多數學者專注的已開發國家天生全球化企業發展過程，本研究則是以開發中國家之中小企業作為主要研究對象，並期望透過探討中國中小企業是否存在部分可能變數，來瞭解其企業內外部可能影響企業發展為天生全球化企業之因素。
本文透過文獻探討歸納出研發能力、產品品質、經營能力與電子商務參與程度等四變數為天生全球化企業之可能形成原因，並蒐集128家中小企業作為研究對象，以邏輯迴歸作為研究方法，分析此四變數對於企業在發展成天生全球化企業的過程中是否會產生影響，以釐清天生全球化企業在開發中國家的發展過程。
研究結果顯示，擁有較好研發能力與經營能力的企業較有機會發展成天生全球化企業，且企業愈快加入電子商務市場，愈有助於企業早期國際化發展，本文期望藉由此驗證結果提供開發中國家中小企業在發展天生全球化企業時一些參考與建議。
International enterprises has evolved to different types as the global environment changed. From 1990s, some enterprises begin their overseas business right at birth or near the founding year, which is quite different to traditional enterprises, and we call these enterprises as Born Globals.
Why Born Globals can start their international business at the time they just established still not come to a conclusion today. Therefore this paper is trying to figure out the possible factors which encourage the enterprises, especially the small and medium enterprises in China, to develop the early abroad business.
This study generated four possible factors of R&D, managerial competence, product quality and e-commerce adoption to analyze the possibility of Born Globals. And I collected 128 sample firms to exam my hypotheses. The final results showed that there are positive effectiveness between R&D, managerial competence and Born Globals, and the fast speed of e-commerce market adoption also advance firms becoming Born Globals. However, product quality did not show benefit to Born Globals in the results.
參考文獻 英文文獻
Autio, E., & Sapienza, H. (2000). Comparing process and born global perspectives in the international growth of technology-based new firms. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 413-424.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barney, J. (1997). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage: Addison-Wesley Reading, MA.
Bilkey, W. J., & Tesar, G. (1977). The export behavior of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 93-98.
Buckley, P. J., & Casson, M. (1976). The future of the multinational enterprise (Vol. 1): Macmillan London.
Cavusgil, S. T., & Knight, G. A. (1994). A quiet revolution in Australian exporters. Marketing News, 28(11), 18-21.
Dai, Q., & Kauffman, R. J. (2001). Business models for internet-based e-procurement systems and B2B electronic markets: an exploratory assessment. Paper presented at the System Sciences, 2001. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on.
Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. (2000). A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of management, 26(1), 31-61.
Etemad, H., & Lee, Y. (2003). The knowledge network of international entrepreneurship: Theory and evidence. Small Business Economics, 20(1), 5-23.
Fan, T., & Phan, P. (2007). International new ventures: revisiting the influences behind the ‘born-global’firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(7), 1113-1131.
Freeman, S., Edwards, R., & Schroder, B. (2006). How smaller born-global firms use networks and alliances to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization. Journal of International Marketing, 14(3), 33-63.
Ganitsky, J. (1989). Strategies for innate and adoptive exporters: Lessons from Israel`s case. International marketing review, 6(5).
Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. Knowledge and strategy, 3-23.
Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1990). Trade, innovation, and growth. The American economic review, 86-91.
Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabiliites to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607-618.
Hashai, N., & Almor, T. (2004). Gradually internationalizing ‘born global’firms: an oxymoron? International Business Review, 13(4), 465-483.
Hedlund, G., & Kverneland, A. (1985). Are strategies for foreign markets changing? The case of Swedish investment in Japan. International Studies of Management & Organization, 41-59.
Holm, D. B., Eriksson, K., & Johanson, J. (1999). Creating value through mutual commitment to business network relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), 467-486.
Horng, C., & Chen, W. (2008). From contract manufacturing to own brand management: The role of learning and cultural heritage identity. Management and Organization Review, 4(1), 109-133.
Humphrey, J. (2002). Business-to-business e-commerce and access to global markets: exclusive or inclusive outcomes: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK.
Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resources management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Academy of Management journal, 40(1), 171-188.
Jarillo, J. C. (1988). On strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 31-41.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1985). Marketing investments and market investments in industrial networks. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 2(3), 185-195.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1987). Interorganizational relations in industrial systems: a network approach compared with the transaction-cost approach. International Studies of Management & Organization, 34-48.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1988). Internationalization in industrial systems-a network approach. Strategies, 287-314.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 23-32.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalisation. International marketing review, 7(4).
Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm—four swedish cases 1. Journal of management studies, 12(3), 305-323.
Jolly, V. K., Alahuhta, M., & Jeannet, J. P. (1992). Challenging the incumbents: How high technology start‐ups compete globally. Strategic Change, 1(2), 71-82.
Knight, G. A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME. Journal of international management, 7(3), 155-171.
Knight, G. A., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124-141.
Kollmann, T., HäSel, M., & Breugst, N. (2009). Competence of IT professionals in e-business venture teams: the effect of experience and expertise on preference structure. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(4), 51-80.
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Kundu, S. K., & Katz, J. A. (2003). Born-international SMEs: BI-level impacts of resources and intentions. Small Business Economics, 20(1), 25-47.
Li, L., Li, D., & Dalgic, T. (2004). Internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises: Toward a hybrid model of experiential learning and planning. MIR: Management International Review, 93-116.
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Madsen, T. K., Rasmussen, E., & Servais, P. (2000). Differences and similarities between born globals and other types of exporters. Advances in international marketing, 10, 247-265.
Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of born globals: an evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583.
Malerba, F., Mancusi, M. L., & Montobbio, F. (2007). Innovation, international R&D spillovers and the sectoral heterogeneity of knowledge flows. Cespri WP, 204.
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McKinsey and Co., A. M. C. (1993). Emerging Exporters: Australia`s High Value-added Manufacturing Exporters : Final Report of the Study by McKinsey & Company and the Australian Manufacturing Council Secretariat to the Australian Manufacturing Council, June 1993: Australian Manufacturing Council.
Meyer, K., & Skak, A. (2002). Networks, serendipity and SME entry into Eastern Europe. European Management Journal, 20(2), 179-188.
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Millington, A. I., & Bayliss, B. T. (1990). The process of internationalisation: UK companies in the EC. MIR: Management International Review, 151-161.
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Rennie, M. W. (1993). Born global. The McKinsey Quarterly(4), 45.
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Weerawardena, J., Mort, G. S., Liesch, P. W., & Knight, G. (2007). Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Journal of World Business, 42(3), 294-306.
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Yip, G. S., Biscarri, J. G., & Monti, J. A. (2000). The role of the internationalization process in the performance of newly internationalizing firms. Journal of International Marketing, 8(3), 10-35.

中文文獻
王輝耀, 孫玉紅, & 苗綠. (2014). 企業國際化藍皮書－中國企業國際化報告(2014): 社會科學文獻出版社.
司徒達賢. (1995). 資源基礎理論與企業競爭優勢關係之探討: 行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告
石村貞夫. (2005). 多變量分析的SPSS使用手冊 (陳耀茂 Ed.): 鼎茂圖書出版股份有限公司.
陳耀茂. (1999). 多變量解析方法與應用. 臺北市: 五南圖書出版有限公司.
劉應興. (1998). 非線性迴歸與相關分析－應用線性迴歸模型（補編）. 台北市: 華泰書局.
賴宏誌. (2002). 網絡關係對新創企業發展影響之研究-以台灣高科技公司為例.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
102351016
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102351016
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 簡睿哲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jean, Ruey Jeren_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐素圓zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Su Yuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐素圓zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Su Yuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2015 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2015 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2015 13:15:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102351016en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77145-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102351016zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 全球經濟穩定成長帶動企業國際化，並對中國企業對外發展提供強烈支持，而國際企業的型態也隨著貿易障礙下降而不斷演變成各式樣貌，企業逐漸改變傳統早期的漸進式國際化發展階段，而演變為自企業創立之初即具備全球化經營能力的天生全球化企業(Born Globals)，這股新興國際企業型態在開發中國家的形成過程，對國際企業理論與學術研究而言是重要且值得探討的議題。
過去研究對於天生全球化企業的定義目前未有一致之認知，且對其形成因素也有多種不同看法，然而相對於大多數學者專注的已開發國家天生全球化企業發展過程，本研究則是以開發中國家之中小企業作為主要研究對象，並期望透過探討中國中小企業是否存在部分可能變數，來瞭解其企業內外部可能影響企業發展為天生全球化企業之因素。
本文透過文獻探討歸納出研發能力、產品品質、經營能力與電子商務參與程度等四變數為天生全球化企業之可能形成原因，並蒐集128家中小企業作為研究對象，以邏輯迴歸作為研究方法，分析此四變數對於企業在發展成天生全球化企業的過程中是否會產生影響，以釐清天生全球化企業在開發中國家的發展過程。
研究結果顯示，擁有較好研發能力與經營能力的企業較有機會發展成天生全球化企業，且企業愈快加入電子商務市場，愈有助於企業早期國際化發展，本文期望藉由此驗證結果提供開發中國家中小企業在發展天生全球化企業時一些參考與建議。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) International enterprises has evolved to different types as the global environment changed. From 1990s, some enterprises begin their overseas business right at birth or near the founding year, which is quite different to traditional enterprises, and we call these enterprises as Born Globals.
Why Born Globals can start their international business at the time they just established still not come to a conclusion today. Therefore this paper is trying to figure out the possible factors which encourage the enterprises, especially the small and medium enterprises in China, to develop the early abroad business.
This study generated four possible factors of R&D, managerial competence, product quality and e-commerce adoption to analyze the possibility of Born Globals. And I collected 128 sample firms to exam my hypotheses. The final results showed that there are positive effectiveness between R&D, managerial competence and Born Globals, and the fast speed of e-commerce market adoption also advance firms becoming Born Globals. However, product quality did not show benefit to Born Globals in the results.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論　　　　　　　　　　1
第一節 研究背景與動機　　　　　1
第二節 研究問題與目的　　　　　2
第三節 研究範圍與對象　　　　　3
第二章 文獻探討　　　　　　　　4
第一節 企業國際化　　　　　　　4
第二節 天生全球化企業　　　　　11
第三節 網絡　　　　　　　　　　15
第四節 資源基礎理論　　　　　　20
第五節 內外部資源與能力　　　　24
第三章 研究架構與假說　　　　　28
第一節 研究架構　　　　　　　　28
第二節 假說推論　　　　　　　　29
第四章 研究方法　　　　　　　　35
第一節 資料蒐集　　　　　　　　35
第二節 資料分析方法　　　　　　36
第三節 研究變數與操作型定義　　37
第五章 資料分析與結果　　　　　42
第一節 敘述性統計與變數相關性　42
第二節 推論假說分析結果　　　　44
第六章 結論與建議　　　　　　　47
第一節 研究結果　　　　　　　　47
第二節 理論意涵　　　　　　　　49
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議　51
參考文獻　　　　　　　　　　　　　53		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1136758 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102351016en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 天生全球化企業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小企業國際化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子商務採用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Born Globalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SMEs internationalizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) e-commerce adoptionen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討天生全球化企業之因素-以中國中小企業為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The factors of Born Globals: Take Chinese SMEs for exampleen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻
Autio, E., & Sapienza, H. (2000). Comparing process and born global perspectives in the international growth of technology-based new firms. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 413-424.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barney, J. (1997). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage: Addison-Wesley Reading, MA.
Bilkey, W. J., & Tesar, G. (1977). The export behavior of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 93-98.
Buckley, P. J., & Casson, M. (1976). The future of the multinational enterprise (Vol. 1): Macmillan London.
Cavusgil, S. T., & Knight, G. A. (1994). A quiet revolution in Australian exporters. Marketing News, 28(11), 18-21.
Dai, Q., & Kauffman, R. J. (2001). Business models for internet-based e-procurement systems and B2B electronic markets: an exploratory assessment. Paper presented at the System Sciences, 2001. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on.
Das, T. K., & Teng, B.-S. (2000). A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of management, 26(1), 31-61.
Etemad, H., & Lee, Y. (2003). The knowledge network of international entrepreneurship: Theory and evidence. Small Business Economics, 20(1), 5-23.
Fan, T., & Phan, P. (2007). International new ventures: revisiting the influences behind the ‘born-global’firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(7), 1113-1131.
Freeman, S., Edwards, R., & Schroder, B. (2006). How smaller born-global firms use networks and alliances to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization. Journal of International Marketing, 14(3), 33-63.
Ganitsky, J. (1989). Strategies for innate and adoptive exporters: Lessons from Israel`s case. International marketing review, 6(5).
Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. Knowledge and strategy, 3-23.
Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1990). Trade, innovation, and growth. The American economic review, 86-91.
Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabiliites to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607-618.
Hashai, N., & Almor, T. (2004). Gradually internationalizing ‘born global’firms: an oxymoron? International Business Review, 13(4), 465-483.
Hedlund, G., & Kverneland, A. (1985). Are strategies for foreign markets changing? The case of Swedish investment in Japan. International Studies of Management & Organization, 41-59.
Holm, D. B., Eriksson, K., & Johanson, J. (1999). Creating value through mutual commitment to business network relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), 467-486.
Horng, C., & Chen, W. (2008). From contract manufacturing to own brand management: The role of learning and cultural heritage identity. Management and Organization Review, 4(1), 109-133.
Humphrey, J. (2002). Business-to-business e-commerce and access to global markets: exclusive or inclusive outcomes: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK.
Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resources management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Academy of Management journal, 40(1), 171-188.
Jarillo, J. C. (1988). On strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 31-41.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1985). Marketing investments and market investments in industrial networks. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 2(3), 185-195.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1987). Interorganizational relations in industrial systems: a network approach compared with the transaction-cost approach. International Studies of Management & Organization, 34-48.
Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L.-G. (1988). Internationalization in industrial systems-a network approach. Strategies, 287-314.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 23-32.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalisation. International marketing review, 7(4).
Johanson, J., & Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975). The internationalization of the firm—four swedish cases 1. Journal of management studies, 12(3), 305-323.
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