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題名 論美國職棒大聯盟球隊之配置效率
The Allocative Efficiency of the teams in Major League Baseball作者 黃柏賀 貢獻者 王信實<br>李文傑
Wang, Shinn Shyr<br>Lee, Wen Chieh
黃柏賀關鍵詞 美國職棒大聯盟
配置效率
球員績效
團隊薪資
豪華稅
薪資結構
資源錯置
Major League Baseball
MLB
Allocative efficiency
Player performance
Team salary
Luxury tax
Salary structure
Misallocation of resources日期 2015 上傳時間 3-Aug-2015 13:37:04 (UTC+8) 摘要 過去在職業棒球產業的研究上主要分為兩個方向，一個是以球隊勝率做為研究目標，另一個則是球隊的技術效率。目前為止，尚未有職業棒球隊配置效率的相關文獻。本研究透過美國職棒大聯盟十七個球季三十支球隊的資料，並以Hsieh and Klenow(2009)的資源錯置模型為基礎，分析可能影響球隊配置效率的關鍵因素。相較於需要較長時間才能改善的技術效率，配置效率若要有顯著的提升，透過資源上的移轉通常都能立竿見影。由於本研究的資料橫跨執行豪華稅的2003年，因此，也將豪華稅制度的設立和支付金額設為解釋變數之一。本研究發現執行豪華稅對於球隊的配置效率有正面的影響，而支付的豪華稅金額越高，對於球隊的配置效率也有顯著的正影響。關於薪資的部分，當球隊總薪資越高和薪資差距越大，對於球隊的配置效率都存在顯著的負向影響。另外，投手的績效越好，對於球隊的配置效率也有顯著的正面影響，有這樣的結果，可能也間接說明了現今棒球比賽中投手的重要程度。
The past research on professional baseball industry which can be divided into two ways, one is the team winning percentage, the other is team`s technical efficiency. So far, there are no literature about professional baseball team allocative efficiency. This research bases on the misallocation of resources model which proposed by Hsieh and Klenow (2009) and used the information of MLB’s past 17 seasons (1998 to 2009 seasons) as the research sample to explore the influence of key factors on team’s allocative efficiency. Comparing to the improvement of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency can have significantly improvement through the transfer of resources immediately. Since the data across the implementation of luxury tax in 2003, therefore, we set the implementation of luxury tax and the payment of the amount of luxury tax as variables. The empirical results show that the implementation of the luxury tax has a positive effect on the allocative efficiency of teams and the higher pay of luxury tax amount also has significant positive influence on the allocative efficiency of teams. About the part of salary, when the team has higher total wages and the larger gap on salary structure, there are significant negative effect on the team’s allocative efficiency. In addition, the better pitcher`s performance has the positive effects on team’s allocative efficiency. It may also shows that the importance role of pitchers on today`s baseball games.參考文獻 Akerlof G.A. and Yellen J.L. (1990), “The Fair-Wage Hypothesis and Unemployment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 105, pp. 255-83Lucas RE Jr. (1978), “On the Size Distribution of Business Firms,” Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, pp. 508-523Bloom M. (1999), “The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and Organizations”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 25-40Leazer E.P. and Rosen S. (1981), “Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, pp. 841-64Zech C.E. (1981), “An Empirical Estimation of a Production Function: The Case of Major League Baseball”, The American Economist, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 19-23Scully G.W. (1974), “Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 64, pp. 915-30San G. and Jane W.J. (2008), “Wage Dispersion and Team Performance: Evidence from the Small Size Professional Baseball League in Taiwan”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 15, pp. 883-86Click J. Keri J. (2006), “Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game is Wrong”Richards D.G. and GuelL R.C. (1998), “Baseball success and the structure of salaries”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 291-296Depken C.A. (2000), “Wage Disparity and Team Productivity: Evidence from Major League Baseball”, Economics Letters, Vol. 67, pp. 87-92Hsieh C.T. and Klenow P.J. (2009), “Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 124, pp. 1403-1448Kang J.H., Lee Y.H., Sihyeong K. (2007), “Evaluating Management Efficiency of Korean Professional Baseball Teams using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)” International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol. 5, pp. 123-134Wang S.P. and Chen W.C. (2012), “Apply Production Efficiency to Assess the Pay Equity of Chinese Professional Baseball Pitchers” International Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 100-108Jane W.J. (2011), “The Effects of Equities on Team Performance for Winners and Losers in Nippon Professional Baseball: A Quantile Analysis”, Giornale degli Economistie Annali di Economia Nuova Serie, Vol. 70, pp. 117-138Dietl H.T, Lang H. and Werner S (2010), “The Effect of Luxury Taxes on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues”, International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 41-51 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
102258034資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102258034 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王信實<br>李文傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Shinn Shyr<br>Lee, Wen Chieh en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃柏賀 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 黃柏賀 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2015 13:37:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Aug-2015 13:37:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2015 13:37:04 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102258034 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77275 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 經濟學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102258034 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去在職業棒球產業的研究上主要分為兩個方向，一個是以球隊勝率做為研究目標，另一個則是球隊的技術效率。目前為止，尚未有職業棒球隊配置效率的相關文獻。本研究透過美國職棒大聯盟十七個球季三十支球隊的資料，並以Hsieh and Klenow(2009)的資源錯置模型為基礎，分析可能影響球隊配置效率的關鍵因素。相較於需要較長時間才能改善的技術效率，配置效率若要有顯著的提升，透過資源上的移轉通常都能立竿見影。由於本研究的資料橫跨執行豪華稅的2003年，因此，也將豪華稅制度的設立和支付金額設為解釋變數之一。本研究發現執行豪華稅對於球隊的配置效率有正面的影響，而支付的豪華稅金額越高，對於球隊的配置效率也有顯著的正影響。關於薪資的部分，當球隊總薪資越高和薪資差距越大，對於球隊的配置效率都存在顯著的負向影響。另外，投手的績效越好，對於球隊的配置效率也有顯著的正面影響，有這樣的結果，可能也間接說明了現今棒球比賽中投手的重要程度。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The past research on professional baseball industry which can be divided into two ways, one is the team winning percentage, the other is team`s technical efficiency. So far, there are no literature about professional baseball team allocative efficiency. This research bases on the misallocation of resources model which proposed by Hsieh and Klenow (2009) and used the information of MLB’s past 17 seasons (1998 to 2009 seasons) as the research sample to explore the influence of key factors on team’s allocative efficiency. Comparing to the improvement of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency can have significantly improvement through the transfer of resources immediately. Since the data across the implementation of luxury tax in 2003, therefore, we set the implementation of luxury tax and the payment of the amount of luxury tax as variables. The empirical results show that the implementation of the luxury tax has a positive effect on the allocative efficiency of teams and the higher pay of luxury tax amount also has significant positive influence on the allocative efficiency of teams. About the part of salary, when the team has higher total wages and the larger gap on salary structure, there are significant negative effect on the team’s allocative efficiency. In addition, the better pitcher`s performance has the positive effects on team’s allocative efficiency. It may also shows that the importance role of pitchers on today`s baseball games. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機 4第三節 研究架構 9第二章 豪華稅的簡介 10第三章 文獻回顧 12第四章 模型介紹 15第一節 Resource Misallocation模型介紹 15第二節 Panel Data 模型說明 21第五章 資料描述 23第一節 資料來源 23第二節 變數說明 24第六章 主要假說 30第七章 研究模型 31第八章 實證結果分析 34第一節 最小平方法的實證結果 34第二節 Panel Data的實證結果 36第九章 結論與建議 38第一節 研究結論 38第二節 未來研究建議 40參考文獻 41附錄 43 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1012441 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102258034 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國職棒大聯盟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 配置效率 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 球員績效 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊薪資 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 豪華稅 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 薪資結構 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源錯置 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Major League Baseball en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) MLB en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Allocative efficiency en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Player performance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Team salary en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Luxury tax en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Salary structure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Misallocation of resources en_US dc.title (題名) 論美國職棒大聯盟球隊之配置效率 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Allocative Efficiency of the teams in Major League Baseball en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akerlof G.A. and Yellen J.L. (1990), “The Fair-Wage Hypothesis and Unemployment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 105, pp. 255-83Lucas RE Jr. (1978), “On the Size Distribution of Business Firms,” Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, pp. 508-523Bloom M. (1999), “The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and Organizations”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 25-40Leazer E.P. and Rosen S. (1981), “Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, pp. 841-64Zech C.E. (1981), “An Empirical Estimation of a Production Function: The Case of Major League Baseball”, The American Economist, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 19-23Scully G.W. (1974), “Pay and Performance in Major League Baseball”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 64, pp. 915-30San G. and Jane W.J. (2008), “Wage Dispersion and Team Performance: Evidence from the Small Size Professional Baseball League in Taiwan”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 15, pp. 883-86Click J. Keri J. (2006), “Baseball Between the Numbers: Why Everything You Know about the Game is Wrong”Richards D.G. and GuelL R.C. (1998), “Baseball success and the structure of salaries”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5, pp. 291-296Depken C.A. (2000), “Wage Disparity and Team Productivity: Evidence from Major League Baseball”, Economics Letters, Vol. 67, pp. 87-92Hsieh C.T. and Klenow P.J. (2009), “Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 124, pp. 1403-1448Kang J.H., Lee Y.H., Sihyeong K. (2007), “Evaluating Management Efficiency of Korean Professional Baseball Teams using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)” International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol. 5, pp. 123-134Wang S.P. and Chen W.C. (2012), “Apply Production Efficiency to Assess the Pay Equity of Chinese Professional Baseball Pitchers” International Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 100-108Jane W.J. (2011), “The Effects of Equities on Team Performance for Winners and Losers in Nippon Professional Baseball: A Quantile Analysis”, Giornale degli Economistie Annali di Economia Nuova Serie, Vol. 70, pp. 117-138Dietl H.T, Lang H. and Werner S (2010), “The Effect of Luxury Taxes on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues”, International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 41-51 zh_TW
