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題名 霸凌旁觀者行為傾向影響因素探討-以高雄市都會區國中學生為例
Bullying bystander behavior affect factors among Kaohsiung junior high students
作者 張育慈
貢獻者 楊佩榮
張育慈
關鍵詞 霸凌
旁觀者
保護者
局外者
態度
個人責任
同儕團體規範
Bully
Bystanders
Defenders
Outsiders
Attitude
personal responsibility
Peer group norm
日期 2015
上傳時間 17-Aug-2015 14:15:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 霸凌事件頻繁出現在各大報章雜誌,霸凌受害者在霸凌事件中經常處於權力不均等的地位,無法主動求援。借鏡西方之成功反霸凌計畫,發現霸凌事件中旁觀者的反應對於揭露、制止霸凌有相當之重要性。本研究將霸凌旁觀者區分為保護者以及局外者,過往研究發現兩者雖同為霸凌事件之旁觀者,然其行為結果卻有截然不同的影響。保護者行為的出現,可使學生對校園安全感受提高並有助於降低霸凌發生率,局外者行為則否。本研究參考Latané 與 Darley(1970)提出之旁觀者決策歷程模式等助人行為理論,推論學生對霸凌的態度、個人責任感,以及同儕團體規範會影響旁觀者的行為傾向,期望透過本研究了解國中學生旁觀霸凌事件的反應傾向,以及影響旁觀者行為之個人及同儕因素。
本研究採取實證典範之調查研究方法,研究樣本包和高雄市都會區國民中學421位學生,並且採用描述性統計、T檢定、單因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸等研究方法,依據受試者在「旁觀者行為」量表、霸凌「態度」量表、「個人責任感」量表以及「同儕團體規範」量表之得分進行統計分析。研究發現如下:
一、高雄市都會區國中學生,具有中度之保護者行為以及局外者行為傾向。
二、女性相較於男性較傾向出現保護者行為,對霸凌持較高的反對態度,且對「朋友」具有較高之個人責任感。
三、學生對「同學」之「個人責任感」受到「年級」所影響,「七年級」學生對於同學之個人責任感高於「八、九年級」學生。
四、學生對於「同學」之「個人責任感」以及「同儕團體規範」可以預測「保護者行為傾向」以及「局外者行為傾向」。
最後,依據本研究的結果提出實務建議與未來研究方向。
Bullying is frequently reported in major newspapers and magazines. Bullying victims are usually in a disadvantaged position making them unable to call for help on their own. Successful anti-bullying programs in the west have found that bystanders hold an important role in the disclosure or cessation of bullying incidents. This study classified bystanders into defenders and outsiders. Although both are bystanders, defenders could increase a sense of security on campus and reduce the incidence of bullying. Outsiders, on the other hand, could not achieve such effect. Using Latané & Darley, s decision-tree model of bystander intervention, this study hypothesized that personal attitude and responsibility and peer group norm toward bullying would affect bystander behavior in the incidence of bullying. This study aimed to understand the way Taiwanese junior high students responded to bullying and factors that might affect bystander behavior.
Using survey research method, data were collected from 421 junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as samples using questionnaires, including bystander behavior scale, bullying attitude scale, personal responsibility scale, and peer group norms scale. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics、t-tests、one way ANOVAs, and multiple regressions, were used, and the results are reported in the following:
1.Junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area had above average scores in their behavioral tendency as defenders or outsiders in incidence of bullying.
2.Female tended to have more defender behavior than male did. Also, female tended to oppose bullying more strongly and showed more sense of personal responsibility if “a friend” was bullied.
3.“Seventh graders” showed stronger sense of personal responsibility than 8th and 9th graders.
4.The sense of personal responsibility if “a classmate” was bullied and peer group norm (peers tended to aid the victims) both predicted behavioral tendency as defenders and outsider.
Implications and future directions were discussed.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
100264016
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002640161
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊佩榮zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張育慈zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張育慈zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Aug-2015 14:15:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Aug-2015 14:15:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Aug-2015 14:15:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1002640161en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77597-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會工作研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100264016zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 霸凌事件頻繁出現在各大報章雜誌,霸凌受害者在霸凌事件中經常處於權力不均等的地位,無法主動求援。借鏡西方之成功反霸凌計畫,發現霸凌事件中旁觀者的反應對於揭露、制止霸凌有相當之重要性。本研究將霸凌旁觀者區分為保護者以及局外者,過往研究發現兩者雖同為霸凌事件之旁觀者,然其行為結果卻有截然不同的影響。保護者行為的出現,可使學生對校園安全感受提高並有助於降低霸凌發生率,局外者行為則否。本研究參考Latané 與 Darley(1970)提出之旁觀者決策歷程模式等助人行為理論,推論學生對霸凌的態度、個人責任感,以及同儕團體規範會影響旁觀者的行為傾向,期望透過本研究了解國中學生旁觀霸凌事件的反應傾向,以及影響旁觀者行為之個人及同儕因素。
本研究採取實證典範之調查研究方法,研究樣本包和高雄市都會區國民中學421位學生,並且採用描述性統計、T檢定、單因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸等研究方法,依據受試者在「旁觀者行為」量表、霸凌「態度」量表、「個人責任感」量表以及「同儕團體規範」量表之得分進行統計分析。研究發現如下:
一、高雄市都會區國中學生,具有中度之保護者行為以及局外者行為傾向。
二、女性相較於男性較傾向出現保護者行為,對霸凌持較高的反對態度,且對「朋友」具有較高之個人責任感。
三、學生對「同學」之「個人責任感」受到「年級」所影響,「七年級」學生對於同學之個人責任感高於「八、九年級」學生。
四、學生對於「同學」之「個人責任感」以及「同儕團體規範」可以預測「保護者行為傾向」以及「局外者行為傾向」。
最後,依據本研究的結果提出實務建議與未來研究方向。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Bullying is frequently reported in major newspapers and magazines. Bullying victims are usually in a disadvantaged position making them unable to call for help on their own. Successful anti-bullying programs in the west have found that bystanders hold an important role in the disclosure or cessation of bullying incidents. This study classified bystanders into defenders and outsiders. Although both are bystanders, defenders could increase a sense of security on campus and reduce the incidence of bullying. Outsiders, on the other hand, could not achieve such effect. Using Latané & Darley, s decision-tree model of bystander intervention, this study hypothesized that personal attitude and responsibility and peer group norm toward bullying would affect bystander behavior in the incidence of bullying. This study aimed to understand the way Taiwanese junior high students responded to bullying and factors that might affect bystander behavior.
Using survey research method, data were collected from 421 junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as samples using questionnaires, including bystander behavior scale, bullying attitude scale, personal responsibility scale, and peer group norms scale. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics、t-tests、one way ANOVAs, and multiple regressions, were used, and the results are reported in the following:
1.Junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area had above average scores in their behavioral tendency as defenders or outsiders in incidence of bullying.
2.Female tended to have more defender behavior than male did. Also, female tended to oppose bullying more strongly and showed more sense of personal responsibility if “a friend” was bullied.
3.“Seventh graders” showed stronger sense of personal responsibility than 8th and 9th graders.
4.The sense of personal responsibility if “a classmate” was bullied and peer group norm (peers tended to aid the victims) both predicted behavioral tendency as defenders and outsider.
Implications and future directions were discussed.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與研究動機…………………………………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 霸凌行為基本概念………………………………………………………………………………… 8
第二節 旁觀者助人行為決策模式……………………………………………………………………19
第三節 霸凌旁觀者行為傾向探討……………………………………………………………………29

第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………………………………………………………………46
第二節 研究假設……………………………………………………………………………………………………48
第三節 研究對象與抽樣方法……………………………………………………………………………50
第四節 研究程序……………………………………………………………………………………………………54
第五節 研究工具……………………………………………………………………………………………………56
第六節 資料處理與分析………………………………………………………………………………………67
第七節 研究倫理……………………………………………………………………………………………………68

第四章 研究結果
第一節 描述性分析…………………………………………………………………………………………………70
第二節 個人屬性變項與各變項之差異分析…………………………………………………73
第三節 態度、個人責任感及同儕團體規範與旁觀者行為傾向之相關分析……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………83
第四節 自變項與旁觀者行為傾向之迴歸分析……………………………………………88

第五章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結果討論……………………………………………………………………………………………92
第二節 結論與建議………………………………………………………………………………………………107

參考書目
一、 中文部分………………………………………………………………………………………………………………117
二、 英文部分………………………………………………………………………………………………………………120

附件目次
附錄一 正式施測問卷…………………………………………………………………………………………………125
附錄二 PQR(Participant Role Questionnaire)原始量表題項132
附錄三 旁觀者行為影響因素原始量表題項………………………………………………………135
附錄四 研究邀請及施測說明書………………………………………………………………………………137

表目次
表2-3-1旁觀者不願意介入校園霸凌之因素………………………………………………………32
表3-3-1高雄市都會區國民中學各年級學生數…………………………………………………50
表3-3-2抽樣行政區國民中學學生人數比例及抽樣學校………………………………52
表3-3-3高雄市國中學生背景資料統計表……………………………………………………………53
表3-3-4樣本「性別」「年級」人數比例……………………………………………………………53
表4-1-1研究變項之描述性統計分析表…………………………………………………………………72
表4-2-1「性別」對「旁觀者行為傾向」之差異分析……………………………………74
表4-2-2「性別」對霸凌「態度」之差異分析……………………………………………………75
表4-2-3「性別」對「個人責任感」之差異分析………………………………………………76
表4-2-4「性別」對「同儕團體規範」之差異分析表……………………………………77
表4-2-5「年級」對「旁觀者行為傾向」之差異分析……………………………………78
表4-2-6「年級」對「霸凌態度」之差異分析……………………………………………………79
表4-2-7年級」對「個人責任感」之「差異分析………………………………………………81
表4-2-8「年級」對「同儕團體規範」之差異分析…………………………………………82
表4-3-1變項間之相關分析…………………………………………………………………………………………86
表4-4-1「霸凌態度」、「個人責任感」及「同儕團體規範」對「保護者行為傾向」之迴歸分析…………………………………………………………………………………………………89
表4-4-2「霸凌態度」、「個人責任感」以及「同儕團體規範」對「局外者行為傾向」之迴歸分析……………………………………………………………………………………………91

圖目次
圖2-1-1攻擊行為、暴力行為及霸凌行為概念關係圖………………………………………9
圖2-2-1幫助行為、利社會行為及利他行為概念關係圖…………………………………20
圖2-2-2 Piliavin與Piliavin危急情境助人決定的模式…………………………24
圖3-1-1研究架構圖………………………………………………………………………………………………………46
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2264014 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002640161en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 霸凌zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 旁觀者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保護者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 局外者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 態度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個人責任zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同儕團體規範zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bullyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bystandersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Defendersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Outsidersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Attitudeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) personal responsibilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Peer group normen_US
dc.title (題名) 霸凌旁觀者行為傾向影響因素探討-以高雄市都會區國中學生為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Bullying bystander behavior affect factors among Kaohsiung junior high studentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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