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題名 民主治理下政務官與事務官互動關係:以「是的,部長(Yes, Minister)」影集之文本分析為例
The interaction between political appointees and civil servants in democratic governance: A text analysis of the TV series “Yes, Minister.”
作者 林俐君
Lin, Li Chun
貢獻者 陳敦源
Chen, Don Yun
林俐君
Lin, Li Chun
關鍵詞 政務官與事務官
行政效能
影視產品分析
文本分析
制衡
鐘擺效果
Political Appointees and Civil Servants
Administrative Efficiency
Film and Television Product Analysis
Textual Analysis
Check and Balance
the Pendulum Effect
日期 2015
上傳時間 24-Aug-2015 10:23:52 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著民主治理的發展,有效調和民主憲政與文官專業價值,才能夠確保民主政治運作的效能。背景因素使得政務官與事務官間的互動,愈具舉足輕重的角色。從相關研究可以理解,欲直接觀察政務官與事務官細部的互動並不容易,兩者間細部的互動對外界而言始終是一個黑盒子。因此,本研究使用鮮少作為該議題研究主體的影視產品進行分析。選擇英國經典影集「Yes, Minister」,乃因該劇主要以描繪政務官與事務官互動為主,描寫程度相當細膩。藉此旁觀的角度一窺政務官與事務官的互動,確實是個能夠協助深入理解該議題的良好個案。
研究設計的基礎為文本分析法,透過建構分析路徑,分別從兩者本質、選擇偏好、表現作為,以及互動後對政策產出的討論。先將14集研究樣本進行相同路徑的文本化,再將文本化的樣本進行論述與類型化。研究發現事務官的互動技巧,包括行政權力的作為與不作為、可行性評估、影響政務體系與政務官以及納入外部勢力等,目的為提升參與決策的條件,細部列出24項互動技巧;另一方面,政務官則可透過經驗複製、行政學習、媒體與聲望經營與納入外部力量等,目的為提升統治便利性與正當性,細部列出13項互動技巧。兩者的互動呈現出互相制衡的本質,若各自無法有效負責與調和時,易形成雙重價值選擇的壓力。
本研究提出以「鐘擺效果」解釋政務官與事務官的互動,兩者在制衡關係的基礎上,隨著時序性的影響而改變互動模式。基本上的互動如鐘擺式擺盪,進而系統性因素將會因時序性遞減,激發出最適的政策結果。最終提出兩大項建議:首先,從制衡到動態平衡的關係,正視制衡現象的存在、立基於分權制衡上的信任關係、減少彼此錯誤解讀的機會,以及培養持續監督與自省能力;其二,設定政策決策的妥協底線,認知非任務型指標的超然價值,以及試著創造沒有共識的共識。
In any democratic state’s development, how to effectively reconcile the two values of constitutional democracy and bureaucratic expertise is fundamental to ensure the proper functioning and efficacy of democratic politics. As Taiwan further consolidates its democracy, the interaction between the political appointees and senior civil servants becomes ever more important in achieving a balance of pluralistic values on the one hand, and government’s administrative efficiency, on the other. Yet past research has found that it is not easy to observe directly the details of the interaction between political appointees and civil servants; to the external world, the actual interaction between the two has always been a black box. Therefore, to shed light on that black box, this study analyzes the interaction between appointees and civil servants as depicted in film and television programs. The classic British series, “Yes Minister,” was chosen as the study’s research subject because it portrays the minister-bureaucrat interactive behavior skillfully and poignantly, which allows a deeper understanding of the issue.
The study employs textual analysis as the principal research method. Each of the series’ 14 episodes had been textually reinterpreted by using the same analytical paths, which were constructed by first categorizing the nature, choice preferences, display behaviors, and post-interaction reaction to policy outputs for both political appointees and senior civil servants. The research has found that civil servants, in their pursuit for greater participation in decision-making, exhibit as many as 24 distinct interactive behaviors with their political superiors. Some of these behaviors include administrative action and inaction, call for feasibility assessment, manipulation of the political system, and incorporation of external forces. On the other hand, political appointees, in their effort to achieve political expediency and legitimacy, have 13 behaviors of their own through experience replication, administrative learning, media and reputation management, and inclusion of external forces. Both sets of interactive behaviors are essentially parts of a checks-and-balances system. When responsibilities are unclear and actions cannot be coordinated effectively, the agency then becomes vulnerable to role ambiguity and double value selection problems.
This research proposes a “pendulum effect” to explain the interaction between political appointees and civil servants. Because the appointees and civil servants have a mutual checks and balances relationship, both parties will alter their interactive behavior depending on the timing of events. Essentially, the interaction between the two sides will initially swing freely like a pendulum; subsequently, system factors will cause the pendulum to progressively decrease its swing, ultimately arriving at the most optimal policy result. In conclusion, this study makes two major recommendations. First, both political appointees and civil servants need to understand that they are in a dynamic equilibrium, in which they check and balance each other’s actions. By acknowledging the check and balance nature of their relationship, both minimize the chance of misinterpreting each other, and may develop the healthy capacity of ongoing oversight and self-introspection. Second, both political appointees and civil servants must establish a baseline in any policy negotiation and compromise, recognize the (sometimes) extraordinary value of non-mission-based indicators, and attempt to create a consensus when no consensus exists.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
100256035
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002560351
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳敦源zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Don Yunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林俐君zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Li Chunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林俐君zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Li Chunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Aug-2015 10:23:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Aug-2015 10:23:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Aug-2015 10:23:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1002560351en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77902-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100256035zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著民主治理的發展,有效調和民主憲政與文官專業價值,才能夠確保民主政治運作的效能。背景因素使得政務官與事務官間的互動,愈具舉足輕重的角色。從相關研究可以理解,欲直接觀察政務官與事務官細部的互動並不容易,兩者間細部的互動對外界而言始終是一個黑盒子。因此,本研究使用鮮少作為該議題研究主體的影視產品進行分析。選擇英國經典影集「Yes, Minister」,乃因該劇主要以描繪政務官與事務官互動為主,描寫程度相當細膩。藉此旁觀的角度一窺政務官與事務官的互動,確實是個能夠協助深入理解該議題的良好個案。
研究設計的基礎為文本分析法,透過建構分析路徑,分別從兩者本質、選擇偏好、表現作為,以及互動後對政策產出的討論。先將14集研究樣本進行相同路徑的文本化,再將文本化的樣本進行論述與類型化。研究發現事務官的互動技巧,包括行政權力的作為與不作為、可行性評估、影響政務體系與政務官以及納入外部勢力等,目的為提升參與決策的條件,細部列出24項互動技巧;另一方面,政務官則可透過經驗複製、行政學習、媒體與聲望經營與納入外部力量等,目的為提升統治便利性與正當性,細部列出13項互動技巧。兩者的互動呈現出互相制衡的本質,若各自無法有效負責與調和時,易形成雙重價值選擇的壓力。
本研究提出以「鐘擺效果」解釋政務官與事務官的互動,兩者在制衡關係的基礎上,隨著時序性的影響而改變互動模式。基本上的互動如鐘擺式擺盪,進而系統性因素將會因時序性遞減,激發出最適的政策結果。最終提出兩大項建議:首先,從制衡到動態平衡的關係,正視制衡現象的存在、立基於分權制衡上的信任關係、減少彼此錯誤解讀的機會,以及培養持續監督與自省能力;其二,設定政策決策的妥協底線,認知非任務型指標的超然價值,以及試著創造沒有共識的共識。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In any democratic state’s development, how to effectively reconcile the two values of constitutional democracy and bureaucratic expertise is fundamental to ensure the proper functioning and efficacy of democratic politics. As Taiwan further consolidates its democracy, the interaction between the political appointees and senior civil servants becomes ever more important in achieving a balance of pluralistic values on the one hand, and government’s administrative efficiency, on the other. Yet past research has found that it is not easy to observe directly the details of the interaction between political appointees and civil servants; to the external world, the actual interaction between the two has always been a black box. Therefore, to shed light on that black box, this study analyzes the interaction between appointees and civil servants as depicted in film and television programs. The classic British series, “Yes Minister,” was chosen as the study’s research subject because it portrays the minister-bureaucrat interactive behavior skillfully and poignantly, which allows a deeper understanding of the issue.
The study employs textual analysis as the principal research method. Each of the series’ 14 episodes had been textually reinterpreted by using the same analytical paths, which were constructed by first categorizing the nature, choice preferences, display behaviors, and post-interaction reaction to policy outputs for both political appointees and senior civil servants. The research has found that civil servants, in their pursuit for greater participation in decision-making, exhibit as many as 24 distinct interactive behaviors with their political superiors. Some of these behaviors include administrative action and inaction, call for feasibility assessment, manipulation of the political system, and incorporation of external forces. On the other hand, political appointees, in their effort to achieve political expediency and legitimacy, have 13 behaviors of their own through experience replication, administrative learning, media and reputation management, and inclusion of external forces. Both sets of interactive behaviors are essentially parts of a checks-and-balances system. When responsibilities are unclear and actions cannot be coordinated effectively, the agency then becomes vulnerable to role ambiguity and double value selection problems.
This research proposes a “pendulum effect” to explain the interaction between political appointees and civil servants. Because the appointees and civil servants have a mutual checks and balances relationship, both parties will alter their interactive behavior depending on the timing of events. Essentially, the interaction between the two sides will initially swing freely like a pendulum; subsequently, system factors will cause the pendulum to progressively decrease its swing, ultimately arriving at the most optimal policy result. In conclusion, this study makes two major recommendations. First, both political appointees and civil servants need to understand that they are in a dynamic equilibrium, in which they check and balance each other’s actions. By acknowledging the check and balance nature of their relationship, both minimize the chance of misinterpreting each other, and may develop the healthy capacity of ongoing oversight and self-introspection. Second, both political appointees and civil servants must establish a baseline in any policy negotiation and compromise, recognize the (sometimes) extraordinary value of non-mission-based indicators, and attempt to create a consensus when no consensus exists.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 2
第二節 研究動機與目的 6
第三節 研究問題與研究流程 13
第二章 文獻檢閱 17
第一節 政治與行政二分的發展 17
壹、政治與行政二分的起源與流變 18
貳、行政與政治的不可分割性 21
參、公共行政與民主政治 26
第二節 民主政治與行政效能 34
壹、行政效能的範圍與內涵 34
貳、政黨政治對行政效能的影響 38
參、政務/事務互動關係與行政效能 42
第三節 政務與事務關係:理論與實務 47
壹、政務領導與官僚體系 47
貳、黑堡宣言與官僚自主性 52
參、資訊不對稱與公共政策:產生決策點 56
第三章 研究方法 67
第一節 影視產品中的政務與事務關係 67
壹、甚麼是影視產品分析 68
貳、影視產品在實務教學上的應用 70
參、政務與事務關係研究與影視產品分析 72
第二節 研究設計與資料架構 74
壹、文獻討論與應用 74
貳、研究方法與流程 76
參、研究範圍與樣本 84
第四章 研究分析 91
第一節 事務官與政務官的價值偏好 92
壹、行政體系具備獨立運作的性格 92
貳、事務官對行政專業能力的看法 94
參、政務官的角色定位過程 102
第二節 事務官與政務官互動的行為選擇 111
壹、事務官的互動技巧 111
貳、政務官的互動技巧 150
第三節 事務官與政務官互動對結果的影響 161
壹、政策結果的價值分析 162
貳、互動結果與公共利益的關係 184
第五章 結論 193
第一節 研究發現 193
壹、影響事務官與政務官價值偏好的原因 193
貳、事務官與政務官互動的途徑 197
參、互動對於政策結果的影響 206
第二節 結論與建議 209
壹、從制衡到動態平衡的關係 209
貳、設定政策決策的妥協底線 212
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 215
壹、研究限制 215
貳、未來研究建議 217
參考文獻 219
附錄一 研究樣本之各集分析 231
附錄二 計畫書審查委員意見整理表 282
附錄三 論文口試審查委員意見整理表 285
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5245203 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002560351en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政務官與事務官zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行政效能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 影視產品分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文本分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制衡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 鐘擺效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Political Appointees and Civil Servantsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Administrative Efficiencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Film and Television Product Analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Textual Analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Check and Balanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the Pendulum Effecten_US
dc.title (題名) 民主治理下政務官與事務官互動關係:以「是的,部長(Yes, Minister)」影集之文本分析為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The interaction between political appointees and civil servants in democratic governance: A text analysis of the TV series “Yes, Minister.”en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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