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題名 在發展中國家舉辦世界盃足球賽對於經濟和社會之影響: 針對2010 南非世足賽排擠窮人工作權與生存權之研究
The Social and Economic impacts of hosting the FIFA World Cup in the Developing world: A Case Study of the Poor, the Excluded and the Disenfranchised in South Africa 2010.
作者 馬泰伯
Matsau, Thabo
貢獻者 卜道
Prof, David Blundell
馬泰伯
Matsau, Thabo
關鍵詞 世界杯足球賽
發展中國家與大型活動
發展中國家與運動
運動與發展
大型活動
FIFA
Developing nations & mega-events
developing nations & sports
Sports & development
mega-events
日期 2015
上傳時間 24-Aug-2015 10:35:24 (UTC+8)
摘要 現今年代，已不在是只有最富有和已開發國家才有舉辦豪華大型活動的權力，體育大型活動也不在是純粹的體育競賽了。由於舉辦比賽及活動可產生數十億美元的經濟效應，南半球的發展中國家及熱切的想申辦此類大型活動。但舉辦一場大型活動實際又會對當地社區、城市，甚至一個社會帶來什麼樣的影響呢？特別是當舉辦國是較貧困和資源不足的發展中國家，有時，發展中國家的社會保障自卑感造成了與已開發國家結果截然不同的結果，在某些情況下這樣的挑戰是普遍的，不管如何這樣的情況在發展中國家更常發生，也往往導致災難性的後果。本文試圖了解，在社會和經濟層面，在特定國家體育大型活動的舉辦對於特定社會群體的影響。本文希望發展中國家未來在招標與申請舉辦大型活動時，能對於現實有更好的了解，並能設置更合理的預期，此外也能對伴隨而來不可避免的人口問題有一定的準備。
Gone are the days when the hosting of lavish mega-events is exclusive to the wealthiest and most developed nations. Gone too are the days when sporting mega-events were purely sporting spectacles. With tournaments and events generating billions of dollars, developing nations in the global south have, with increasing enthusiasm, bid to host such events. But how does a mega-event actually affect a community, a city, a society? What happens when that community is particularly impoverished and in an under-resourced developing nation? At times, the social security inferiority of developing nations produces results starkly different results to those of the developed world and in other situations the challenges are universal but are exacerbated in the developing world, often with dire consequences. This dissertation seeks to understand how, on social and economic levels, the hosting of sporting mega-events manifests itself to particular groups in society, in particular kinds of nations. This is done with the hope that developing nations bidding and hosting in the future may better appreciate the reality and therefore not only set more realistic expectations but also better prepare to guard against and remedy the inevitable consequences on some sectors of the population.
參考文獻 References and Citations
Allegi, P & Bolsmann, C (2013). Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press.
Amnesty International. (04-06-2010)Human Rights Concerns in South Africa During the World Cup https://www.amnesty.org/en/press-releases/2010/06/human-rights-concerns-south-africa-during-world-cup/ (accessed 29-10-2014)
Baade, R.A. & Matheson, V.A (2004). The Quest for the Cup: Assessing the Economic Impact of the World Cup. Regional Studies, 38(4), 343-354
Berg, N (02-08-2010). ‘Benefits and Burdens in Post-World Cup South Africa’. http://www.planetizen.com/node/45371 (accessed 18-03-2015)
Berr, J. (12-06-2010). ‘Why Hosting The World Cup is a Losing Proposition for South Africa.’ http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/06/12/why-hosting-the-world-cup-is-a-losing-proposition-for-south-afri/ (accessed 18-10-2014)
Bohlmann, H and van Heerden, J (2008). Predicting the Economic Impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. 3(3): pp,383-396
Bolsmann, C. (2011). Thoughts on the First African World Cup: Football, Representation & Exclusion. Journal des Anthropologues, 124-125/ 359-371
Celik, E. (2011). The Exclusion of Street Traders from the benefits of the FIFA 2010 World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.62-86
Cornelissen, S. (2004). ‘It’s Africa’s Turn! The Narratives and Legitimations of the Moroccan and South African Bids for the 2006 and 2010 FIFA Finals’. Third World Quarterly. 25(7) 293-309
Cornelissen, S. (2012). ‘Our Struggles are bigger than the World Cup’: Civic Activism, State-Society relations and the socio-political legacies of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. British Journal of Sociology. 63(2) pp.328-347
Cottle, E. (2010). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Impact of 2010 FIFA World Cup: South Africa. Swiss Labour Assistance SLA. Pp1-14
Cottle, E. and Rombaldi, M (2013) ‘Lessons from South Africa’s FIFA World Cup, Brazil and Its Legacy for Labour. In ‘La Coupe est Pleine!’. Europe-Third World Centre (CETIM), Switzerland
Darkey D and Horn, A. (2009). Homing In: On the Economic Benefits of 2010 FIFA World Cup: Opportunities for and Misgivings of Bed-and-Breakfast Operators In Gauteng, South Africa. Urban Forum 20: 77-91
Desai, A. & Vahed, G. (2010). World Cup 2010: Africa’s Turn or the turn on Africa? Soccer and Society: 11 (1/2) .pp154-167
Doherty, K (2012) Cape Town: The City Without and Within the White Lines. in ‘Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press. 2013 pp52-57
Ehrenreich, T (29-07-2009). ‘The Ugly Reality of Our Beautiful City’. http://capeinfo.com/ugly-reality-of-our-beautiful-city (accessed 18-03-2015)
Fletcher, M. ‘Integration, Marginalization and Exclusion in World Cup Johannesburg’. in ‘Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press. 2013 pp30-41
Herrington M, Kew J and Kew P (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; South Africa Report. UCT Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. International Labour Organization (ILO) 1997-1998 World Labour Report. Geneva
Hiller, H.H. (1998). Mega-Events: Urban Boosterism and growth strategies: an analysis of objectives and legitimations of Cape Town Olympic Bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 439-458
Horne, J & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An introduction to the sociology of sports mega-events. Sports mega-events: Social scientific analyses of a global phenomenon. pp1-24. Blackwell/The Sociological Review: Malden USA
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) (2007). Attitudes to the 2010 World Cup: Results from the first (2005) and second (2006) wave of HSRC’s longitudinal survey. Pretoria: HSRC.
Humphreys, B (2010). The Economic Legacy of the 2010 World Cup. http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/15/world-cup-economics-south-africa-opinioins-contributors-brad-humphreys.html (accessed 18/10/2014)
Humphreys, B & Prokopowics S. (2007). Assessing the Impact of Mega-Events in transition economies: Euro 2012 in Poland & Ukraine. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. 2(5/6) 496-509
Irin News (13-04-2007). South Africa: Poor Squatters Make Way for the 2010 World Cup. http://www.irinnews.org/report/71599/south-africa-poor-squatters-make-way-for-2010-world-cup (accessed 18-03-2015)
International Alliance of Inhabitants (06-03-2009). ‘South Africa Oppose the Slums Act’. http://www.habitants.org/new/inhabitants_of_africas/south_africa_oppose_the_slums_act (accessed 18-03-2015)
Jory, S and Boojihawon (2011). The Implications of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.7-21
Khan, F (2010) Mumbo Jumbo, 2010 and the Masses. http://capeinfo.com/mumbo-jumbo-2010-and-the-masses (18-03-2015)
Kolo, J. (2011) A Priori and a Positivist View of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.22-43
Lee, C & Taylor, T (2005). Critical Reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: The Case of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management 26. Pp25-38
Lenskyj, H. (2000). Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics and Activism. New York: SUNY
Lenskyj, H. (2008). Olympic Industry Resistance: Challenging Olympic Power and Propaganda. New York. SUNY
Lindell, I. Hedman, M. Nathan-Verboomen, K (2010). The World Cup 2010 & the urban poor: ‘World Class cities’ for all? The Nordic Africa Institute: Policy Notes 2010 pp1-4
Mabugu, Ramos and Ahmed Mohamed, A. (2008). The Economic Impacts of Government Financing of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. A Working Paper of the Department of Economics and the Bureau for Economic Research at the University of Stellenbosch. University of Stellenbosch
Maennig, W and Plessis D.S (2007). World Cup 2010: South African Economic Perspectives and Policy Challenges Informed by the Experience of Germany 2006. Contemporary Economic Policy 25(4): 578-590
Matheson, V.A and Baade, R.A. (2004). Mega Sporting Events in Developing Nations. Playing the Way to Prosperity? South African Journal of Economics. 72(5): 1085-1096
McGuirk, P (2005) ‘Neoliberalist planning? Re-thinking and re-casting Sydney’s metropolitan planning’, Geographical Research, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 59-70.
Nkemngu, AA. (2012). The FIFA World Cup as Sustainable Tourism: A Community Perspective. J Tourism Hospitality. 1:106
Peck, J and Tickell, A (2002) ‘Neoliberalizing space’, Antipode, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 380-404.
Pillay, U. and Bass, O. (2008). Mega-Events as a Response to Poverty Reduction: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and its Urban Development Implications. Urban Forum 19: 329-346
Preuss, H. (2000). Economics of the Olympic Games-Hosting the Games 1972-2000. Sydney: Walla Walla Press
Prinsloo, L (2010). “South Africa’s Hosting of the World Cup Brought Economic Benefits”. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/sas-hosting-of-fifa-world-cup-brought-economic-benefits-2010-07-30 (accessed 18-10-2014)
Robbins, G (2012). Major International Events and the Working Poor: Selected Lessons For Social Actors Stemming from the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa. WIEGO Technical Brief (Urban Policies) No5. June 2012
Roberts, D & Bass, O. ‘The World Cup Geography of Durban; What will Endure?’ in ‘Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press. 2013 pp42-51
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Smith, D (01-04-2010). Life in Tin Can Town for the South African’s evicted ahead of the World Cup. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/01/south-africa-world-cup-blikkiesdorp (accessed 18-10-2014)
Somin, I (18-06-2014) Brazil Forcibly Displaced Thousands of People to Make way for the World Cup. www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/06/18/brazil-forcibly-displaced-thousands-of-people-to-make-way-for-the-world-cup (accessed 18-03-2015)
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Tayob, S. (2012). The 2010 World Cup in South Africa: a Millennial Capitalist Moment. Journal of Southern African Studies. 38(3) pp.717-735
Van Kampen, H. (2008), An African Football World Cup at Last: Results on the International Symposium on the impact of Mega Sports Events on Development Goals. Amsterdam. Drukkerij Libertas, Bunnik
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Whitson, D. & Horne, J (2006). Underestimated Costs and Overestimated benefits? Comparing the Outcomes of sports mega-events in Canada and Japan. Sports Mega-events: Social scientific analyses of a global phenomenon. Pp.73-89. Blackwell/The Sociological Review, USA.
Wonacott, P (2010). “World Cup Crimps Merchants”. Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2010.
Wyatt, B (09-07-2010). Fact or Fiction: World Cup Woes for Homeless? http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/07/08/homeless/index.html (accessed 18-10-2014)
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)
102862011
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1028620111
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 卜道zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Prof, David Blundellen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 馬泰伯zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Matsau, Thaboen_US
dc.creator (作者) 馬泰伯zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Matsau, Thaboen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Aug-2015 10:35:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Aug-2015 10:35:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Aug-2015 10:35:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1028620111en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77920-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程 (IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102862011zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現今年代，已不在是只有最富有和已開發國家才有舉辦豪華大型活動的權力，體育大型活動也不在是純粹的體育競賽了。由於舉辦比賽及活動可產生數十億美元的經濟效應，南半球的發展中國家及熱切的想申辦此類大型活動。但舉辦一場大型活動實際又會對當地社區、城市，甚至一個社會帶來什麼樣的影響呢？特別是當舉辦國是較貧困和資源不足的發展中國家，有時，發展中國家的社會保障自卑感造成了與已開發國家結果截然不同的結果，在某些情況下這樣的挑戰是普遍的，不管如何這樣的情況在發展中國家更常發生，也往往導致災難性的後果。本文試圖了解，在社會和經濟層面，在特定國家體育大型活動的舉辦對於特定社會群體的影響。本文希望發展中國家未來在招標與申請舉辦大型活動時，能對於現實有更好的了解，並能設置更合理的預期，此外也能對伴隨而來不可避免的人口問題有一定的準備。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Gone are the days when the hosting of lavish mega-events is exclusive to the wealthiest and most developed nations. Gone too are the days when sporting mega-events were purely sporting spectacles. With tournaments and events generating billions of dollars, developing nations in the global south have, with increasing enthusiasm, bid to host such events. But how does a mega-event actually affect a community, a city, a society? What happens when that community is particularly impoverished and in an under-resourced developing nation? At times, the social security inferiority of developing nations produces results starkly different results to those of the developed world and in other situations the challenges are universal but are exacerbated in the developing world, often with dire consequences. This dissertation seeks to understand how, on social and economic levels, the hosting of sporting mega-events manifests itself to particular groups in society, in particular kinds of nations. This is done with the hope that developing nations bidding and hosting in the future may better appreciate the reality and therefore not only set more realistic expectations but also better prepare to guard against and remedy the inevitable consequences on some sectors of the population.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Outline, Foundations & Theory
1.1 Introduction & Background………………………………………………………….4
1.2 Research Question……………………………………………………………………….6
1.3 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………….8
1.4 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………11
1.5 Expected Findings………………………………………………………………………..32

Chapter 2: Analytical Research, Analysis & Findings
2.1 Informal Economy: Marketeers & Street Vendors……………………. 37
2.2 Evictions & Displaced Peoples…………………………………………………….42
2.3 Socio-Economics…………………………………………………………………………43
2.4 Case Studies……………………………………………………………………………….49 2.4a:Johannesburg…………………………………………………………………………...50 2.4b:Durban……………………………………………………………………………………..60 2.4c:Cape Town…………………………………………………………………………….....66
2.5 Human Rights and Constitutionality…………………………………………...73
Chapter 3: Lessons Learnt & the Future for M-Es, Policy Makers & Impoverished groups
3.1 Pros & Strengths..……………………………………………………………….………77
3.2 Cons & Weaknesses..…………………………………………………………..………82
3.3 Resistance…………………………………………………………………………..………86
3.4 Where to From Here? For Organizers & Policy-Makers……….………89
3.5 Conclusion & Afterword……………………………………………………….……..92
- Table of Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………95
-References and Bibliography ……………………………………………………………96		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 585320 bytes-
dc.format.extent 585320 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1028620111en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界杯足球賽zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發展中國家與大型活動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發展中國家與運動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 運動與發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大型活動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) FIFAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Developing nations & mega-eventsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) developing nations & sportsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sports & developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mega-eventsen_US
dc.title (題名) 在發展中國家舉辦世界盃足球賽對於經濟和社會之影響: 針對2010 南非世足賽排擠窮人工作權與生存權之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Social and Economic impacts of hosting the FIFA World Cup in the Developing world: A Case Study of the Poor, the Excluded and the Disenfranchised in South Africa 2010.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References and Citations
Allegi, P & Bolsmann, C (2013). Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press.
Amnesty International. (04-06-2010)Human Rights Concerns in South Africa During the World Cup https://www.amnesty.org/en/press-releases/2010/06/human-rights-concerns-south-africa-during-world-cup/ (accessed 29-10-2014)
Baade, R.A. & Matheson, V.A (2004). The Quest for the Cup: Assessing the Economic Impact of the World Cup. Regional Studies, 38(4), 343-354
Berg, N (02-08-2010). ‘Benefits and Burdens in Post-World Cup South Africa’. http://www.planetizen.com/node/45371 (accessed 18-03-2015)
Berr, J. (12-06-2010). ‘Why Hosting The World Cup is a Losing Proposition for South Africa.’ http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/06/12/why-hosting-the-world-cup-is-a-losing-proposition-for-south-afri/ (accessed 18-10-2014)
Bohlmann, H and van Heerden, J (2008). Predicting the Economic Impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. 3(3): pp,383-396
Bolsmann, C. (2011). Thoughts on the First African World Cup: Football, Representation & Exclusion. Journal des Anthropologues, 124-125/ 359-371
Celik, E. (2011). The Exclusion of Street Traders from the benefits of the FIFA 2010 World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.62-86
Cornelissen, S. (2004). ‘It’s Africa’s Turn! The Narratives and Legitimations of the Moroccan and South African Bids for the 2006 and 2010 FIFA Finals’. Third World Quarterly. 25(7) 293-309
Cornelissen, S. (2012). ‘Our Struggles are bigger than the World Cup’: Civic Activism, State-Society relations and the socio-political legacies of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. British Journal of Sociology. 63(2) pp.328-347
Cottle, E. (2010). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Impact of 2010 FIFA World Cup: South Africa. Swiss Labour Assistance SLA. Pp1-14
Cottle, E. and Rombaldi, M (2013) ‘Lessons from South Africa’s FIFA World Cup, Brazil and Its Legacy for Labour. In ‘La Coupe est Pleine!’. Europe-Third World Centre (CETIM), Switzerland
Darkey D and Horn, A. (2009). Homing In: On the Economic Benefits of 2010 FIFA World Cup: Opportunities for and Misgivings of Bed-and-Breakfast Operators In Gauteng, South Africa. Urban Forum 20: 77-91
Desai, A. & Vahed, G. (2010). World Cup 2010: Africa’s Turn or the turn on Africa? Soccer and Society: 11 (1/2) .pp154-167
Doherty, K (2012) Cape Town: The City Without and Within the White Lines. in ‘Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press. 2013 pp52-57
Ehrenreich, T (29-07-2009). ‘The Ugly Reality of Our Beautiful City’. http://capeinfo.com/ugly-reality-of-our-beautiful-city (accessed 18-03-2015)
Fletcher, M. ‘Integration, Marginalization and Exclusion in World Cup Johannesburg’. in ‘Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship and Space’. University of Michigan Press. 2013 pp30-41
Herrington M, Kew J and Kew P (2010). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor; South Africa Report. UCT Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. International Labour Organization (ILO) 1997-1998 World Labour Report. Geneva
Hiller, H.H. (1998). Mega-Events: Urban Boosterism and growth strategies: an analysis of objectives and legitimations of Cape Town Olympic Bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 439-458
Horne, J & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An introduction to the sociology of sports mega-events. Sports mega-events: Social scientific analyses of a global phenomenon. pp1-24. Blackwell/The Sociological Review: Malden USA
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) (2007). Attitudes to the 2010 World Cup: Results from the first (2005) and second (2006) wave of HSRC’s longitudinal survey. Pretoria: HSRC.
Humphreys, B (2010). The Economic Legacy of the 2010 World Cup. http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/15/world-cup-economics-south-africa-opinioins-contributors-brad-humphreys.html (accessed 18/10/2014)
Humphreys, B & Prokopowics S. (2007). Assessing the Impact of Mega-Events in transition economies: Euro 2012 in Poland & Ukraine. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. 2(5/6) 496-509
Irin News (13-04-2007). South Africa: Poor Squatters Make Way for the 2010 World Cup. http://www.irinnews.org/report/71599/south-africa-poor-squatters-make-way-for-2010-world-cup (accessed 18-03-2015)
International Alliance of Inhabitants (06-03-2009). ‘South Africa Oppose the Slums Act’. http://www.habitants.org/new/inhabitants_of_africas/south_africa_oppose_the_slums_act (accessed 18-03-2015)
Jory, S and Boojihawon (2011). The Implications of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.7-21
Khan, F (2010) Mumbo Jumbo, 2010 and the Masses. http://capeinfo.com/mumbo-jumbo-2010-and-the-masses (18-03-2015)
Kolo, J. (2011) A Priori and a Positivist View of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. African Journal of Business and Economic Research AJBER. Special Issue pp.22-43
Lee, C & Taylor, T (2005). Critical Reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: The Case of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management 26. Pp25-38
Lenskyj, H. (2000). Inside the Olympic Industry: Power, Politics and Activism. New York: SUNY
Lenskyj, H. (2008). Olympic Industry Resistance: Challenging Olympic Power and Propaganda. New York. SUNY
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