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題名 國際投資爭端解決之研究－以投資人與地主國爭端仲裁為中心
Research on the Settlement of International Investment Disputes Especially on the Investor-State Dispute Settlement
作者 陳稚卿
Chen, Chih Ching
貢獻者 蔡孟佳
陳稚卿
Chen, Chih Ching
關鍵詞 國際投資協定
國際投資爭端
投資人與地主國爭端仲裁
日期 2015
上傳時間 1-Oct-2015 14:11:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去幾年間投資人與地主國爭端仲裁案件量急遽增加，越來越多案件涉及環境、健康、公共衛生等公共利益，與投資人私人利益拉扯日益明顯，引發對ISDS制度諸多疑慮及批評，包括對國家主權之侵害、限制國家公共政策規制權、仲裁程序運作不透明等，亦出現針對ISDS機制進行改革，甚或是廢除投資協定中ISDS條款之聲音。若廢除ISDS機制，當發生國際投資爭端時，回歸舊途循外交手段如協商、調解或訴諸地主國國內法院尋求救濟，是否能有效保障投資人之投資利益不無疑問；若保留ISDS機制，則現行ISDS制度明顯存在缺失亟需改善。本論文透過文獻整理法及歸納比較法，整理比較主要國家其投資協定中ISDS機制之最新發展，發現ISDS制度仍有其存在之必要性，而目前ISDS機制亦已有相當程度變革。ISDS機制未來在短期內可持續朝向維護國家主權及公共政策規制權、改善仲裁程序，包括提升仲裁人之公正性及獨立性、提升仲裁程序透明度及設立上訴機制提升仲裁判斷之可預測性及安定性等方向進行改革；長期而言，則可將追求一全球性多邊規範為目標，雖然在各國經貿政策多以區域整合為核心之現況下，加之多邊談判涉及各國間不同利益非一蹴可幾，但或可依循當前巨型區域協定潮流，在各區域協定內部先進行溝通及妥協，進而互相交流參考彼此規範，漸進融合形成全球一致之共同標準。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
（一）專書
1.李貴英，國際投資法專論國際投資爭端之解決，2004年。
2.經濟部，國際投資協定應用篇，2013年。
（二）期刊論文
1.李宜芳，投資人與地主國間爭端解決機制之反思，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，146期，2013年。
2.李宜芳、王耀誠，試析納「投資地主國爭端解決機制」於TPP投資專章之可能－澳洲觀點與現存僵局，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，153期，2013年。
3.李貴英，論歐洲聯盟國際投資政策之法律規範，歐美研究，第42卷第2期，2012年。
4.李貴英，北美自由貿易協定下第11章投資爭端解決之研究，政大法學評論，第72期，2002年。
5.林俊宏，概論多邊投資協定─以開發中國家為中心之省思，經社法制論叢，第38期，2006年。
6.陳麗娟，里斯本條約生效後歐盟投資保護協定之研究，貿易政策論叢，第15期，2011年。
7.陳稚卿，投資地主國爭端解決機制在跨大西洋貿易與投資夥伴協定面臨的困難與挑戰，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，164期，2014年。
8.蔡元閎，試論「投資人對地主國爭端解決機制」之改革－以歐盟倡議在「跨大西洋貿易及投資夥伴協定」建立上訴機制為中心，，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，181期，2015年。
9.蘇怡文，開發中國家如何在南南貿易擴張的情勢下開創發展新局面，中華經濟研究院WTO電子報第189期，2009年。
（三）研究計畫
1.經濟部投資業務處，102年度｢國際投資協定諮商談判際參與國際經貿組織投資相關議題｣諮詢及廣宣計畫附冊 2012 US Model BIT 逐條釋義，2013年9月2日。
2.顏慧欣，BIA 及FTA（投資專章）等投資協定之我國立場分析及因應，中華經濟研究院，2008年12月。
（四）博碩士學位論文
1.徐耀浤，國際解決投資爭端中心管轄權問題及其改革之研究－兼論WTO納入投資人與地主國爭端解決機制之展望，國立政治大學國際經營與貿易研究所碩士論文，2004年5月。
2.陳雅眉，ICSID 架構下國際投資爭端解決體制之研究，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士班碩士論文，2008年2月。
（五）網際網路
1.李宜靜，中澳FTA納入投資者爭端解決機制，中華經濟研究院WTO與RTA中心，2014年11月27日，網址：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=257296&nid=120。
二、英文部分
（一）專書
1.Jagusch, Stephen & Jeffrey Sullivan, The Backlash Against Investment Arbitration: Perceptions and Reality, in THE BACKLASH AGAINST INVESTMENT ARBITRATION : PERCEPTIONS AND REALITY 79, 81-108 (Michael Waibel ed al. eds., 2010 )
2.REED, LUCY, JAN PAULSSON & NIGEL BLACKABY, GUIDE TO ICSID ARBITRATION 99 (2d ed. 2010)
（二）期刊論文
1.Fiezzoni, Silvia Karina, The Challenge of UNASUR Member Countries to Replace ICSID Arbitration, 2 BEIJING LAW REVIEW 134, 135-136 (2011).
2.Joubin-Bret, Anna, Why we need a global appellate mechanism for international investment law, COLUMBIA FDI PERSPECTIVES NO. 146, Apr. 27, 2015.
3.Karl, Joachim, Investor-state dispute settlement: A government’s dilemma, COLUMBIA FDI PERSPECTIVES NO. 89, Feb. 18, 2013.
4.Pauwelyn, Joost, WTO Panelists are from Mars, ICSID Arbitrators are from Venus Why? And Does It Matter?, Georgetown Faculty Workshop, at 6, Apr. 16, 2015.
5.Pauwelyn, Joost, At the Edge of Chaos ? Foreign Investment Law As A Complex Adaptive System, How It Emerged And How It Can Be Reformed, 29 ICSID REVIEW 372, 372-348 (2014).
6.Vandevelde, Kenneth J., A Brief History of International Investment Agreement, 12 U. C. DAVIS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY, 161 -167 (2005).
（三）官方文件
1.AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS & TRADE, GILLARD GOVERNMENT TRADE POLICY STATEMENT: TRADING OUR WAY TO MORE JOBS AND PROSPERITY, Apr. 2011.
2.Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Towards a Comprehensive European International Investment Policy, at 9, COM(2010)343 final.
3.EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Investment Provisions in the EU-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CETA), Dec. 3, 2012.
4.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, In focus: Comprehensive Trade and Economic Agreement (CETA) Questions and answers.
5.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Investment Provisions in the EU-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CETA), Dec. 3, 2012
6.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Fact Sheet Investment Protection and Investor-to-State Dispute Settlement in EU agreements, Nov. 2013, available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/november/tradoc_151916.pdf.
7.EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, Working Document in view of preparing the draft report on Parliament`s recommendations to the Commission on the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Jan. 9, 2015.
8.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Report: Online public consultation on investment protection and investor-to-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP), Jan. 13, 2015.
9.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Concept Paper: Investment in TTIP and beyond – the path for reform Enhancing the right to regulate and moving from current ad hoc arbitration towards an Investment Court [hereinafter Concept Paper] (May 5, 2015), available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/may/tradoc_153408.PDF.
10.Le Sénat de la France, Proposition de résolution sur le règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États dans les projets d`accords commerciaux entre l`Union européenne, le Canada et les États-Unis, Feb. 3, 2015, available at http://www.senat.fr/rap/l14-134/l14-1342.html#toc12 (last visited Mar. 25, 2015).
11.OECD, Investor-State Dispute Settlement Public Consultation.
12.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), UNCTAD World Investment Report 1996.
13.UNITED NATIONS, Investor-State Dispute Settlement UNCTAD Series on International Investment Agreements II (2014).
14.UNITED NATIONS, UNCTAD Investor-State Dispute Settlement.
15.UNITED NATIONS, UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration.
（四）網際網路
1.Anderson, Sarah & Manuel Perez-Rocha, Mining for Profits in International Tribunals-Lessons for the Tras-Pacific Partnership, Institute for Policy Studies, available at http://www.ips-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Mining-for-Profits-2013-ENGLISH.pdf.
2.Barbière, Cécile (Samuel White trans.), French Senate tells TTIP negotiators to ‘abolish’ ISDS, EURACTIV, Feb. 9, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/french-senate-tells-ttip-negotiators-abolish-isds-311823.
3.Barbière, Cécile (Samuel White trans.), France and Germany to form united front against ISDS, EURACTIV, Jan. 15, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/france-and-germany-form-united-front-against-isds-311267.
4.Biron, Carey L., Latin American Countries Put Up Front Against Corporate Lawsuits, MINT PRESS NEWS, Oct. 3, 2013, available at http://www.mintpressnews.com/latin-american-countries-put-front-corporate-lawsuits/170030/.
5.Crisp, James, European Parliament committee signals opposition to ISDS, EURACTIV, Jan. 14, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/isds-decision-delayed-end-ttip-talks-311234.
6.Hunter, Rober, South Afrrica Terminates Bilateral Investment Treaties with Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland, ROBERT HUNTER INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AND INVESTMENT LAW, available at http://www.rh-arbitration.com/south-africa-terminates-bilateral-investment-treaties-with-germany-netherlands-and-switzerland/.
7.Kwan, Edwina, Australia’s Conflicting Approach to ISDS: Where to From Here?, HERBERT SMITH FREEHILLS DISPUTE RESOLUTION, June 3, 2015, available at http://hsfnotes.com/arbitration/2015/06/09/australias-conflicting-approach-to-isds-where-to-from-here/.
8.Maes, Marc, Investment protection in the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Mar. 5 2014, available at http://eu-secretdeals.info/upload/2014/02/Investment-in-CETA-MarcMaes-S2B-analysis-140306.pdf.
9.Mortimore, Michael & Leonardo StanleyJustice, Denied: Dispute Settlement in Latin America`s Trade and Investment Agreements, Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas, 55-56, Oct. 2009, available at https://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/DP27Mortimore_StanleyOct09.pdf.
10.Ripinsky, Sergy, Venezuela’s Withdrawal From ICSID: What it Does and Does Not Achieve, INVESTMENT TREATY NEWS, Apr. 13, 2012, available at https://www.iisd.org/itn/2012/04/13/venezuelas-withdrawal-from-icsid-what-it-does-and-does-not-achieve/#_ftn1.
11.ISDS – what’s going on?, MARIETJE SCHAAKE, available at http://www.marietjeschaake.eu/2014/11/isds-whats-going-on/
12.Stewart, Geoffrey S., Baiju S. Vasani& Sylvia Tonova, BIT Protection of Foreign Investments in Times of Volatile Currency, Slow Growth, and Political Uncertainty in India, Jones Day Publications, JONES DAY, Oct. 2013, available at http://www.jonesday.com/BIT-Protection-of-Foreign-Investments-in-Times-of-Volatile-Currency-Slow-Growth-and-Political-Uncertainty-in-India-10-08-2013/?RSS=true#_edn17.
13.UNASUR dispute settlement centre will start operating in 2015, BILATERALS .ORG, Sept. 30, 2014, available at http://www.bilaterals.org/?unasur-dispute-settlement-centre.
14.Wiki Leaks, Secret Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) - Investment Chapter, Mar. 25, 2015, available at https://www.wikileaks.org/tpp-investment/WikiLeaks-TPP-Investment-Chapter/page-7.html.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
102351039
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102351039
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡孟佳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳稚卿zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Chih Chingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳稚卿zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Chih Chingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2015 14:11:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Oct-2015 14:11:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2015 14:11:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102351039en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/78723-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102351039zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去幾年間投資人與地主國爭端仲裁案件量急遽增加，越來越多案件涉及環境、健康、公共衛生等公共利益，與投資人私人利益拉扯日益明顯，引發對ISDS制度諸多疑慮及批評，包括對國家主權之侵害、限制國家公共政策規制權、仲裁程序運作不透明等，亦出現針對ISDS機制進行改革，甚或是廢除投資協定中ISDS條款之聲音。若廢除ISDS機制，當發生國際投資爭端時，回歸舊途循外交手段如協商、調解或訴諸地主國國內法院尋求救濟，是否能有效保障投資人之投資利益不無疑問；若保留ISDS機制，則現行ISDS制度明顯存在缺失亟需改善。本論文透過文獻整理法及歸納比較法，整理比較主要國家其投資協定中ISDS機制之最新發展，發現ISDS制度仍有其存在之必要性，而目前ISDS機制亦已有相當程度變革。ISDS機制未來在短期內可持續朝向維護國家主權及公共政策規制權、改善仲裁程序，包括提升仲裁人之公正性及獨立性、提升仲裁程序透明度及設立上訴機制提升仲裁判斷之可預測性及安定性等方向進行改革；長期而言，則可將追求一全球性多邊規範為目標，雖然在各國經貿政策多以區域整合為核心之現況下，加之多邊談判涉及各國間不同利益非一蹴可幾，但或可依循當前巨型區域協定潮流，在各區域協定內部先進行溝通及妥協，進而互相交流參考彼此規範，漸進融合形成全球一致之共同標準。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機及目的 1
第二節 研究方法及論文結構 3
第貳章 投資人與地主國爭端仲裁 4
第一節 國際投資爭端 4
第二節 投資人與地主國爭端仲裁概述 6
第三節 國際解決投資爭端中心（ICSID）仲裁規則 19
第四節 聯合國國際貿易法委員會（UNCITRAL）仲裁規則 27
第五節 投資人與地主國ISDS仲裁之優缺點 31
第叁章 支持ISDS的國家及其ISDS制度之最新發展 39
第一節 歐盟 39
第二節 美國 45
第三節　跨大西洋貿易及投資夥伴協定（TTIP） 52
第肆章 反對ISDS的國家及其ISDS制度之最新發展 59
第一節 拉丁美洲 60
第二節　澳洲 71
第伍章 投資人與地主國ISDS未來發展趨勢分析 84
第一節 ISDS機制衝突發展趨勢 84
第二節 ISDS機制改革現況發展 90
第三節 ISDS機制未來改革方向 111
第陸章 結論與建議 121
參考文獻 125		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1283694 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102351039en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際投資協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際投資爭端zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投資人與地主國爭端仲裁zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 國際投資爭端解決之研究－以投資人與地主國爭端仲裁為中心zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Research on the Settlement of International Investment Disputes Especially on the Investor-State Dispute Settlementen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
（一）專書
1.李貴英，國際投資法專論國際投資爭端之解決，2004年。
2.經濟部，國際投資協定應用篇，2013年。
（二）期刊論文
1.李宜芳，投資人與地主國間爭端解決機制之反思，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，146期，2013年。
2.李宜芳、王耀誠，試析納「投資地主國爭端解決機制」於TPP投資專章之可能－澳洲觀點與現存僵局，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，153期，2013年。
3.李貴英，論歐洲聯盟國際投資政策之法律規範，歐美研究，第42卷第2期，2012年。
4.李貴英，北美自由貿易協定下第11章投資爭端解決之研究，政大法學評論，第72期，2002年。
5.林俊宏，概論多邊投資協定─以開發中國家為中心之省思，經社法制論叢，第38期，2006年。
6.陳麗娟，里斯本條約生效後歐盟投資保護協定之研究，貿易政策論叢，第15期，2011年。
7.陳稚卿，投資地主國爭端解決機制在跨大西洋貿易與投資夥伴協定面臨的困難與挑戰，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，164期，2014年。
8.蔡元閎，試論「投資人對地主國爭端解決機制」之改革－以歐盟倡議在「跨大西洋貿易及投資夥伴協定」建立上訴機制為中心，，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，181期，2015年。
9.蘇怡文，開發中國家如何在南南貿易擴張的情勢下開創發展新局面，中華經濟研究院WTO電子報第189期，2009年。
（三）研究計畫
1.經濟部投資業務處，102年度｢國際投資協定諮商談判際參與國際經貿組織投資相關議題｣諮詢及廣宣計畫附冊 2012 US Model BIT 逐條釋義，2013年9月2日。
2.顏慧欣，BIA 及FTA（投資專章）等投資協定之我國立場分析及因應，中華經濟研究院，2008年12月。
（四）博碩士學位論文
1.徐耀浤，國際解決投資爭端中心管轄權問題及其改革之研究－兼論WTO納入投資人與地主國爭端解決機制之展望，國立政治大學國際經營與貿易研究所碩士論文，2004年5月。
2.陳雅眉，ICSID 架構下國際投資爭端解決體制之研究，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士班碩士論文，2008年2月。
（五）網際網路
1.李宜靜，中澳FTA納入投資者爭端解決機制，中華經濟研究院WTO與RTA中心，2014年11月27日，網址：http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=257296&nid=120。
二、英文部分
（一）專書
1.Jagusch, Stephen & Jeffrey Sullivan, The Backlash Against Investment Arbitration: Perceptions and Reality, in THE BACKLASH AGAINST INVESTMENT ARBITRATION : PERCEPTIONS AND REALITY 79, 81-108 (Michael Waibel ed al. eds., 2010 )
2.REED, LUCY, JAN PAULSSON & NIGEL BLACKABY, GUIDE TO ICSID ARBITRATION 99 (2d ed. 2010)
（二）期刊論文
1.Fiezzoni, Silvia Karina, The Challenge of UNASUR Member Countries to Replace ICSID Arbitration, 2 BEIJING LAW REVIEW 134, 135-136 (2011).
2.Joubin-Bret, Anna, Why we need a global appellate mechanism for international investment law, COLUMBIA FDI PERSPECTIVES NO. 146, Apr. 27, 2015.
3.Karl, Joachim, Investor-state dispute settlement: A government’s dilemma, COLUMBIA FDI PERSPECTIVES NO. 89, Feb. 18, 2013.
4.Pauwelyn, Joost, WTO Panelists are from Mars, ICSID Arbitrators are from Venus Why? And Does It Matter?, Georgetown Faculty Workshop, at 6, Apr. 16, 2015.
5.Pauwelyn, Joost, At the Edge of Chaos ? Foreign Investment Law As A Complex Adaptive System, How It Emerged And How It Can Be Reformed, 29 ICSID REVIEW 372, 372-348 (2014).
6.Vandevelde, Kenneth J., A Brief History of International Investment Agreement, 12 U. C. DAVIS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY, 161 -167 (2005).
（三）官方文件
1.AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS & TRADE, GILLARD GOVERNMENT TRADE POLICY STATEMENT: TRADING OUR WAY TO MORE JOBS AND PROSPERITY, Apr. 2011.
2.Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Towards a Comprehensive European International Investment Policy, at 9, COM(2010)343 final.
3.EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Investment Provisions in the EU-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CETA), Dec. 3, 2012.
4.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, In focus: Comprehensive Trade and Economic Agreement (CETA) Questions and answers.
5.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Investment Provisions in the EU-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CETA), Dec. 3, 2012
6.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Fact Sheet Investment Protection and Investor-to-State Dispute Settlement in EU agreements, Nov. 2013, available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2013/november/tradoc_151916.pdf.
7.EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, Working Document in view of preparing the draft report on Parliament`s recommendations to the Commission on the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Jan. 9, 2015.
8.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Report: Online public consultation on investment protection and investor-to-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP), Jan. 13, 2015.
9.EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Concept Paper: Investment in TTIP and beyond – the path for reform Enhancing the right to regulate and moving from current ad hoc arbitration towards an Investment Court [hereinafter Concept Paper] (May 5, 2015), available at http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/may/tradoc_153408.PDF.
10.Le Sénat de la France, Proposition de résolution sur le règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États dans les projets d`accords commerciaux entre l`Union européenne, le Canada et les États-Unis, Feb. 3, 2015, available at http://www.senat.fr/rap/l14-134/l14-1342.html#toc12 (last visited Mar. 25, 2015).
11.OECD, Investor-State Dispute Settlement Public Consultation.
12.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), UNCTAD World Investment Report 1996.
13.UNITED NATIONS, Investor-State Dispute Settlement UNCTAD Series on International Investment Agreements II (2014).
14.UNITED NATIONS, UNCTAD Investor-State Dispute Settlement.
15.UNITED NATIONS, UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration.
（四）網際網路
1.Anderson, Sarah & Manuel Perez-Rocha, Mining for Profits in International Tribunals-Lessons for the Tras-Pacific Partnership, Institute for Policy Studies, available at http://www.ips-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Mining-for-Profits-2013-ENGLISH.pdf.
2.Barbière, Cécile (Samuel White trans.), French Senate tells TTIP negotiators to ‘abolish’ ISDS, EURACTIV, Feb. 9, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/french-senate-tells-ttip-negotiators-abolish-isds-311823.
3.Barbière, Cécile (Samuel White trans.), France and Germany to form united front against ISDS, EURACTIV, Jan. 15, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/france-and-germany-form-united-front-against-isds-311267.
4.Biron, Carey L., Latin American Countries Put Up Front Against Corporate Lawsuits, MINT PRESS NEWS, Oct. 3, 2013, available at http://www.mintpressnews.com/latin-american-countries-put-front-corporate-lawsuits/170030/.
5.Crisp, James, European Parliament committee signals opposition to ISDS, EURACTIV, Jan. 14, 2015, available at http://www.euractiv.com/sections/trade-society/isds-decision-delayed-end-ttip-talks-311234.
6.Hunter, Rober, South Afrrica Terminates Bilateral Investment Treaties with Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland, ROBERT HUNTER INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AND INVESTMENT LAW, available at http://www.rh-arbitration.com/south-africa-terminates-bilateral-investment-treaties-with-germany-netherlands-and-switzerland/.
7.Kwan, Edwina, Australia’s Conflicting Approach to ISDS: Where to From Here?, HERBERT SMITH FREEHILLS DISPUTE RESOLUTION, June 3, 2015, available at http://hsfnotes.com/arbitration/2015/06/09/australias-conflicting-approach-to-isds-where-to-from-here/.
8.Maes, Marc, Investment protection in the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Mar. 5 2014, available at http://eu-secretdeals.info/upload/2014/02/Investment-in-CETA-MarcMaes-S2B-analysis-140306.pdf.
9.Mortimore, Michael & Leonardo StanleyJustice, Denied: Dispute Settlement in Latin America`s Trade and Investment Agreements, Working Group on Development and Environment in the Americas, 55-56, Oct. 2009, available at https://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/DP27Mortimore_StanleyOct09.pdf.
10.Ripinsky, Sergy, Venezuela’s Withdrawal From ICSID: What it Does and Does Not Achieve, INVESTMENT TREATY NEWS, Apr. 13, 2012, available at https://www.iisd.org/itn/2012/04/13/venezuelas-withdrawal-from-icsid-what-it-does-and-does-not-achieve/#_ftn1.
11.ISDS – what’s going on?, MARIETJE SCHAAKE, available at http://www.marietjeschaake.eu/2014/11/isds-whats-going-on/
12.Stewart, Geoffrey S., Baiju S. Vasani& Sylvia Tonova, BIT Protection of Foreign Investments in Times of Volatile Currency, Slow Growth, and Political Uncertainty in India, Jones Day Publications, JONES DAY, Oct. 2013, available at http://www.jonesday.com/BIT-Protection-of-Foreign-Investments-in-Times-of-Volatile-Currency-Slow-Growth-and-Political-Uncertainty-in-India-10-08-2013/?RSS=true#_edn17.
13.UNASUR dispute settlement centre will start operating in 2015, BILATERALS .ORG, Sept. 30, 2014, available at http://www.bilaterals.org/?unasur-dispute-settlement-centre.
14.Wiki Leaks, Secret Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) - Investment Chapter, Mar. 25, 2015, available at https://www.wikileaks.org/tpp-investment/WikiLeaks-TPP-Investment-Chapter/page-7.html.		zh_TW