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題名 蘇格蘭媒體的公共領域:蘇格蘭選舉報導之內容分析
The public sphere in the Scottish press: Content analysis of newspaper coverage of Scottish elections
作者 李衛哲
Mooney, Richard
貢獻者 施琮仁
Tsung-Jen Shih
李衛哲
Richard Mooney
關鍵詞 public sphere
framing
content analysis
Scottish Independence
British newspapers
Scottish newspapers
devolution
日期 2015
上傳時間 1-Oct-2015 14:20:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 This research explores the performance of British and Scottish newspapers in the public sphere during the 2011 Scottish General Election. Through content analysis of quality newspaper coverage, as well as a focused framing study of two important British constitutional matters, Scottish independence and devolution, this thesis finds a variety of similar and differentiating characteristics between Scottish and British newspapers. On the whole, Scotland offers less evaluative coverage (opinion and editorial articles) while the British newspapers attempt to influence and impact voter’s decisions by providing much more of this. Another difference is in the access given to political sources. Scottish newspapers provide a balance of coverage to the two political parties likely to win, the Scottish National Party and Labour, while British newspapers utilized more Labour sources. Further, framing of a then potential independence referendum was shown to be nationalist and as a risk in all British titles, while Scottish titles on the other hand provided a variety of frames. These findings show the continuing trend from previous studies; that Scottish newspapers perform differently in the public sphere than their British counterparts in elections.
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Bacon, W. (2013) Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspaper.
The Australian Center for Independent Journalism. Retrieved March 8, 2013 from http://sceptical-climate.investigate.org.au/part-2/findings/prominence-of-coverage
Bennett, W.L., Pickard, V., Iozzi, D., Schroeder, C., Lagos, T. and Caswell, C. (2004), “Managing
the Public Sphere: Journalistic Construction of the Great Globalization Debate”. Journal of Communication, 54(3), pp. 437-455.
Butler, D. and Kavanagh, D. (2002) The British General Election of 2001, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Benhabib, Seyla (1992), "Models of Public Space", in Calhoun, Habermas and the
Public Sphere, Cambridge Mass.: MIT press, pp. 73–98 [87]
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
Bowie, K. (2007). Scottish Public Opinion and the Anglo-Scottish Union, 1699-1707 (Vol. 56). Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
Connell, L. (2003) ‘The Scottishness of the Scottish Press: 1918–39’, Media, Culture & Society 25(2): 187–207.
Bronner, S. E., & Kellner, D. (Eds.). (1989). Critical theory and society: A reader. Psychology Press.
Carrell, S. (2011). Stunning SNP election victory throws spotlight on Scottish independence. the Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/may/06/snp-election-victory-scottish-independence
Chiang, C. F., & Knight, B. (2011). Media bias and influence: Evidence from newspaper endorsements. The Review of Economic Studies.
Cochrane, A. (2011, May 11). Scottish election results: Alex Salmond`s victory is a serious threat to the Union. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/scottish-politics/8497020/Scottish-election-resul ts-Alex-Salmonds-victory-is-a-serious-threat-to-the-Union.html
Conservatives (2015) Retrieved 23 February 2015, from https://www.conservatives.com/
Curran, James and Seaton, Jean. 1997. Power Without Responsibility: he Press and Broadcasting qin Britain (5th edition). London: Routledge.
Dahlgren, P., & Sparks, C. (Eds.). (1991). Communication and citizenship: Journalism and the public sphere. Psychology Press. Pp1-24.
Dahlberg,
 L.
 (2001).
 “The
Internet
 and
 Democratic
 Discourse.
 Exploring
 prospects
 of
online
 deliberative
 forums
 extending
 the
 public
 sphere.”
In:
 Information,
Communication
&
Society,
4(4),
615
–
633.

Dahlgren,
 P.
 (2001).
 The
 Public
 Sphere
 and
 the
 Net:
 Structure,
 Space,
 and
Communication.
 In:
 Bennett,
 L.
 W.
&
 Entman,
 R.
 M.
 (eds.).
 Mediated
 Politics:
Communication
 in
 the
 Future
 of
 Democrazy.
 Pp.
 33
–
 55.
 Cambridge:
 Cambridge
University
Press.

Dahlgren,
P.
(2006).
“Doing
citizenship:
The
cultural
origins
of
civic
agency
in
the
 public sphere.”
In:
European
Journal
of
Cultural
Studies,
9(3),
267
–
286.

Dahlgren,
 P.
 (2009).
 Media
&
 Political
 Engagement:
 Citizens,
 Communication 
 and
Democrazy.
Cambridge:
Cambridge
University
Press
Daily Mail (2006) I grow more fearful that devolution will lead to the break-up of the UK. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/columnists/article-390780/I-grow-fearful-devolution-lead-break-UK.html
Deacon, D. (2007) “Yesterday‟s Papers and Today‟s Technology: Digital Newspaper Archives and Push Button‟ Content Analysis”. European Journal of Communication, 22 (5), pp. 5-25.
Dekavalla, M. (2012). Evaluating newspaper performance in the public sphere: Press accounts of Westminster elections in Scotland and in England in the early post-devolution period. Journalism, 13(3), 320-339.
De Rycker, A., & Don, Z. M. (Eds.). (2013). Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives (Vol. 52). John Benjamins Publishing.
Diller, H. J. (1993) ‘Introduction: British Columnists – Why Study Them and How?’, Anglistik and Englischunterricht 51(1): 7–25.
Douglas, F (2009). Scottish Newspapers, Language and Identity.
Eley, G. (1992). Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures: Placing Habermas in the Nineteenth Century. In: Calhoun, C. (ed.). Habermas and the Public Sphere. pp. 289 – 339. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Entman,
R.
M.
(eds.).
Mediated
Politics.
Communication
in
the
Future
of
Democrazy.
Pp.
 75
–
98.
Cambridge:
Cambridge
University
Press
Fairclough, N. (1995) Media Discourse. London: Arnold.
Fowler, R. (1991) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.
Galtung, J. and M. Ruge (1973) ‘Structuring and Selecting News’
Garnham, N. (1992). The media and the public sphere. Habermas and the public sphere, 359, 76.
Green, E (2014) Scottish nationalism stands apart from other secessionist movements for being
civic in origin, rather than ethnic. (2014, September 16). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/scottish-nationalism-stands-apart-from other-secessionist-movements-for-being-civic-in-origin-rather-than-ethnic/
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Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT press.
Habermas, J. (1989), The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article. In Critical theory and Society. A Reader, ed. Stephen E. Bronner and Douglas Kellner, 136-142., New York: Routledge, p. 136
Habermas, J. (1990 orig. 1962). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit (2nd ed.). Frankfurt/ Main: Suhrkamp. Habermas, J. (2006). “Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research”. In: Communication Theory, 16(2006): 411 – 426.
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Higgins, M. (2004) ‘The Articulation of Nation and Politics in the Scottish Press’, Journal of Language & Politics 3(3): 463–83
Higgins, M. (2006). Substantiating a political public sphere in the Scottish press: A comparative analysis. Journalism, 7(1), 25-44.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
101461015
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1014610151
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 施琮仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsung-Jen Shihen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李衛哲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Richard Mooneyen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李衛哲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Mooney, Richarden_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2015 14:20:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Oct-2015 14:20:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2015 14:20:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1014610151en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/78765-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101461015zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research explores the performance of British and Scottish newspapers in the public sphere during the 2011 Scottish General Election. Through content analysis of quality newspaper coverage, as well as a focused framing study of two important British constitutional matters, Scottish independence and devolution, this thesis finds a variety of similar and differentiating characteristics between Scottish and British newspapers. On the whole, Scotland offers less evaluative coverage (opinion and editorial articles) while the British newspapers attempt to influence and impact voter’s decisions by providing much more of this. Another difference is in the access given to political sources. Scottish newspapers provide a balance of coverage to the two political parties likely to win, the Scottish National Party and Labour, while British newspapers utilized more Labour sources. Further, framing of a then potential independence referendum was shown to be nationalist and as a risk in all British titles, while Scottish titles on the other hand provided a variety of frames. These findings show the continuing trend from previous studies; that Scottish newspapers perform differently in the public sphere than their British counterparts in elections.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1
1.1. The press and the public sphere in Scotland 2
1.2. Purpose of the study 3
1.3. Background information 4
1.3.1. Devolution 4
1.3.2. The Scottish Parliament 5
1.3.3. The political parties 5
1.3.5. The 2011 Scottish General Election 6
1.3.6. The independence referendum policy 7
2. Literature Review 8
2.1. The public sphere 8
2.1.1. Elements of the public sphere 9
2.1.2. Debate surrounding use of the public sphere in quantitative studies 10
2.3. Evaluating media performance in the public sphere 11
2.3.1.Measuring prominence 13
2.3.2.Representation of views 15
2.3.3.Issue framing 18
2.4.Research questions 21
2.5.Summary 22
3.Methodology 23
3.1. Measures 27
3.2. Newspapers 29
4.Finding 31
4.1.Prominence 31
4.2.Themes 34
4.3.Representation of views 37
4.4.Opinion authors 40
4.5. Issue Framing 41
5. Discussion 44
5.1. Prominence 44
5.2. Themes 47
5.3. Representation of views 51
5.4. Opinion authors 52
5.5. Issue framing 54
5.6. Summary 55
6. Conclusion 57
References 61
Appendix I.: Codebook 70
Appendix II.: Intercoder reliability test 78		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1014610151en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public sphereen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) framingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) content analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Scottish Independenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) British newspapersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Scottish newspapersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) devolutionen_US
dc.title (題名) 蘇格蘭媒體的公共領域:蘇格蘭選舉報導之內容分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The public sphere in the Scottish press: Content analysis of newspaper coverage of Scottish electionsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Audit Bureau of Circulation. (2015). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.abc.org.uk/Certificates-Reports/Latest-Reports/
Bacon, W. (2013) Sceptical Climate Part 2: Climate Science in Australian Newspaper.
The Australian Center for Independent Journalism. Retrieved March 8, 2013 from http://sceptical-climate.investigate.org.au/part-2/findings/prominence-of-coverage
Bennett, W.L., Pickard, V., Iozzi, D., Schroeder, C., Lagos, T. and Caswell, C. (2004), “Managing
the Public Sphere: Journalistic Construction of the Great Globalization Debate”. Journal of Communication, 54(3), pp. 437-455.
Butler, D. and Kavanagh, D. (2002) The British General Election of 2001, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Benhabib, Seyla (1992), "Models of Public Space", in Calhoun, Habermas and the
Public Sphere, Cambridge Mass.: MIT press, pp. 73–98 [87]
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
Bowie, K. (2007). Scottish Public Opinion and the Anglo-Scottish Union, 1699-1707 (Vol. 56). Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
Connell, L. (2003) ‘The Scottishness of the Scottish Press: 1918–39’, Media, Culture & Society 25(2): 187–207.
Bronner, S. E., & Kellner, D. (Eds.). (1989). Critical theory and society: A reader. Psychology Press.
Carrell, S. (2011). Stunning SNP election victory throws spotlight on Scottish independence. the Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/may/06/snp-election-victory-scottish-independence
Chiang, C. F., & Knight, B. (2011). Media bias and influence: Evidence from newspaper endorsements. The Review of Economic Studies.
Cochrane, A. (2011, May 11). Scottish election results: Alex Salmond`s victory is a serious threat to the Union. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/scottish-politics/8497020/Scottish-election-resul ts-Alex-Salmonds-victory-is-a-serious-threat-to-the-Union.html
Conservatives (2015) Retrieved 23 February 2015, from https://www.conservatives.com/
Curran, James and Seaton, Jean. 1997. Power Without Responsibility: he Press and Broadcasting qin Britain (5th edition). London: Routledge.
Dahlgren, P., & Sparks, C. (Eds.). (1991). Communication and citizenship: Journalism and the public sphere. Psychology Press. Pp1-24.
Dahlberg,
 L.
 (2001).
 “The
Internet
 and
 Democratic
 Discourse.
 Exploring
 prospects
 of
online
 deliberative
 forums
 extending
 the
 public
 sphere.”
In:
 Information,
Communication
&
Society,
4(4),
615
–
633.

Dahlgren,
 P.
 (2001).
 The
 Public
 Sphere
 and
 the
 Net:
 Structure,
 Space,
 and
Communication.
 In:
 Bennett,
 L.
 W.
&
 Entman,
 R.
 M.
 (eds.).
 Mediated
 Politics:
Communication
 in
 the
 Future
 of
 Democrazy.
 Pp.
 33
–
 55.
 Cambridge:
 Cambridge
University
Press.

Dahlgren,
P.
(2006).
“Doing
citizenship:
The
cultural
origins
of
civic
agency
in
the
 public sphere.”
In:
European
Journal
of
Cultural
Studies,
9(3),
267
–
286.

Dahlgren,
 P.
 (2009).
 Media
&
 Political
 Engagement:
 Citizens,
 Communication 
 and
Democrazy.
Cambridge:
Cambridge
University
Press
Daily Mail (2006) I grow more fearful that devolution will lead to the break-up of the UK. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/columnists/article-390780/I-grow-fearful-devolution-lead-break-UK.html
Deacon, D. (2007) “Yesterday‟s Papers and Today‟s Technology: Digital Newspaper Archives and Push Button‟ Content Analysis”. European Journal of Communication, 22 (5), pp. 5-25.
Dekavalla, M. (2012). Evaluating newspaper performance in the public sphere: Press accounts of Westminster elections in Scotland and in England in the early post-devolution period. Journalism, 13(3), 320-339.
De Rycker, A., & Don, Z. M. (Eds.). (2013). Discourse and Crisis: Critical Perspectives (Vol. 52). John Benjamins Publishing.
Diller, H. J. (1993) ‘Introduction: British Columnists – Why Study Them and How?’, Anglistik and Englischunterricht 51(1): 7–25.
Douglas, F (2009). Scottish Newspapers, Language and Identity.
Eley, G. (1992). Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures: Placing Habermas in the Nineteenth Century. In: Calhoun, C. (ed.). Habermas and the Public Sphere. pp. 289 – 339. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Entman,
R.
M.
(eds.).
Mediated
Politics.
Communication
in
the
Future
of
Democrazy.
Pp.
 75
–
98.
Cambridge:
Cambridge
University
Press
Fairclough, N. (1995) Media Discourse. London: Arnold.
Fowler, R. (1991) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.
Galtung, J. and M. Ruge (1973) ‘Structuring and Selecting News’
Garnham, N. (1992). The media and the public sphere. Habermas and the public sphere, 359, 76.
Green, E (2014) Scottish nationalism stands apart from other secessionist movements for being
civic in origin, rather than ethnic. (2014, September 16). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/scottish-nationalism-stands-apart-from other-secessionist-movements-for-being-civic-in-origin-rather-than-ethnic/
Green Party (2015) Policy. Retrieved on 23 February 2015
from http://www.scottishgreens.org.uk/policy/
Hauser, G A. "Vernacular dialogue and the rhetoricality of public opinion." Communications Monographs 65.2 (1998): 83-107.
Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT press.
Habermas, J. (1989), The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article. In Critical theory and Society. A Reader, ed. Stephen E. Bronner and Douglas Kellner, 136-142., New York: Routledge, p. 136
Habermas, J. (1990 orig. 1962). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit (2nd ed.). Frankfurt/ Main: Suhrkamp. Habermas, J. (2006). “Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research”. In: Communication Theory, 16(2006): 411 – 426.
Harvie, C (2004). Scotland and nationalism: Scottish society and politics, 1707 to the present (3-6)
Herald Scotland. (2015). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.heraldscotland.com/misc/about-hs
Herald. (2014). The Herald`s view: We back staying within UK, but only if there`s more far-reaching further devolution. Retrieved May, 2015, from http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/herald-view/once-in-a-lifetime -opportunity-to-cast-a-future-that-meets-the-aspirations-of-sc.25295912
Higgins, M. (2004) ‘Putting the Nation in the News: The Role of Location Formulation in a Selection of Scottish Newspapers’, Discourse & Society 15(5): 633–48.
Higgins, M. (2004) ‘The Articulation of Nation and Politics in the Scottish Press’, Journal of Language & Politics 3(3): 463–83
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