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題名 銀行分支機構逾放比之決定因素 -以T銀行為例
Determinants of NPL Ratio of Bank Branches -Evidence from T Bank
貢獻者 黃智聰
Huang, Jr Tsung
盧純真
Lu, Chun Chen
關鍵詞 逾放比
銀行分支機構
一元固定效果模型
NPL ratio
the branch of bank
One-Way Fixed Effect Model
摘要 逾放比是衡量銀行經營風險的主要指標,一向為國內外研究者所重視,但多集中在研究總體經濟環境的影響、借戶的財業務指標、借戶負責人的特質等,甚少涉及分行經理人的特質或分行特性的研究。因此,本研究蒐集樣本銀行2009-2012年分行之追蹤資料(panel data),針對全體分行及北、中、南三區分行,經檢定最適模型後,採一元固定效果模型,來探究影響分行逾放比之因素。
     經由本實證研究結果,影響全體分行逾放比之因素為「分行成立期間」、「中小企業放款佔總放款比」、「消費者貸款佔總放款比」、「政府機關及公營事業放款佔總放款比」及「存放利差」均呈顯著負向影響。另影響不同地區分行逾放比的顯著因素各不相同,北區分行逾放比與「經理學歷為大學」、「分行總員額」呈顯著正向影響,與「存放利差」呈顯著負向影響;中區分行逾放比與「經理到任期間」、「分行成立期間」呈顯著負向影響,與「中小企業放款佔總放款比」呈顯著正向影響;南區分行逾放比與「分行成立期間」、「中小企業放款佔總放款比」、「消費者貸款佔總放款比」呈顯著負向影響。
NPL ratio is the main measurement of bank operational risk, which has been valued by foreign and local researchers; however the researches mainly focus on the impact of the macroeconomic environment, the borrower`s financial and business indices, and the characteristics of the borrower’s responsible person, but few researches have involved the traits of branch managers or branch characteristics. Therefore, this study collected panel data of sample banks over the years 2009 – 2012 (612 in total) against entire branches and branches in the northern, central and southern regions, and after having verified the best model, the One-Way Fixed Effect Model was adopted to explore the factors affecting the NPL ratio of branches.
     According to the empirical results of this research, the factors affecting the NPL ratio of all the branches are "the establishment duration of branch", "SME loans to total loans ratio", "consumer loans to total loans ratio", "government agencies and public enterprise loans to total loans ratio" and "loan/deposit interest margins", which all demonstrated significant negative effects. Additionally, the significant factors affecting the NPL ratio of the branches in different regions vary. The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the northern region and "manager with university education background", "total number of staff at branch" show a significant positive effect, but significant negative effect is indicated by "loan/deposit interest margins". The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the central region and "duration of manager’s appointment", "the establishment duration of branch" show a significant negative effect, but significant positive effect is indicated by "SME loans to total loans ratio". The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the southern region and "the establishment duration of branch", "SME loans to total loans ratio", and "consumer loans to total loans ratio" show a significant negative effect.
參考文獻 一、中文部分
     王天翔(2007),《臺灣地區銀行授信類別與放款品質之研究》,臺中:國立中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     自銘珠(2003),《銀行經營績效影響之研究—經理人異動、經理人特徵及分行特性》,臺北:實踐大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     李沃牆、林惠娜、劉雅鳳(2013),「公股銀行放款集中度對經營績效及逾放之影響分析」,《朝陽商管評論》,第12卷第2期,頁93-112。
     李藹慈(1993),「女性職業選擇行為之探究」,《社教雙月刊》,第58期,頁25-29。
     林左裕、賴郁媛(2005),「我國銀行業逾放比與總體經濟因素間關係之研究」,《商管科技季刊》,第6卷第1期,頁165-179。
     林宗漢、謝雅惠、張輝鑫、柯俊禎、林左裕(2011),「中小企業貸款違約因素之探討」,《東海管理評論》,第12卷第1期,頁121-149
     倪衍森、鄭新民、黃寶玉(2009),「銀行營業特性與資本適足率會影響逾放比?」,《商管科技季刊》,第10卷第3期,頁465-489。
     張家華、沈中華(2004),「違約率與總體經濟相關性」,《信用資訊》,第一卷第一期。
     張鈞(1994),「建立中小企業全面輔導體系之研究」,載於陳明璋(編) 《台灣中小企業發展論文集》,頁81-116,臺北:聯經出版事業公司。
     張綺娟(2005),《影響臺灣地區商業銀行逾放比例之因素》,新竹:國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
     許文志(1995),《邁向21世紀台灣中小企業經營策略》,臺北:揚智文化事業公司。
     郭照榮(2000),「金融機構合併之考慮因素及其對象之選擇」,《金融財務》,第5期,頁1-11。
     陳石進(2011),《銀行授信策略》,臺北:臺灣金融研訓院。
     陳家彬、江惠櫻、賴怡洵(2003),「商業銀行對企業授信決策考量因素與授信品質之關係」,《管理評論》,第22卷第2期,頁1-23。
     彭凱璐(2009),「從全球金融海嘯中重新檢視企業經營之代理問題-看『肥貓』的養成」,《司法新聲》,第81期月刊。
     楊蓁海(2007),「我國銀行存放款利差減少原因剖析與因應對策」,《中央銀行季刊》,第29卷第2期,頁45-82。
     蔡友財(1988),《銀行經營失敗與防範對策之研究》,財政部金融司儲委會金融研究小組編印,頁232
     蔡進財(2000),「我國建立問題金融機構處理機制之探討」,《臺灣金融財務季刊》,第1卷第2期,頁1-12。
     盧筱筠(2001),「淺談金融機構出售不良債權之相關問題及案件偵辦」,《司法新聲》第100期季刊,頁14-25
     賴吉秋(1998),「淺談金融機構逾期放款發生之因與因應之道」,《基層金融》,第36期,頁115~120。
     戴錦周、陳研研(2005),「台灣商業銀行1994~2002年授信戶逾期還款行為之研究」,《台灣金融財務季刊》,第6卷第1期,頁119-133。
     鍾俊文、陳惠玲(2001),「金融機構逾放問題」,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第15期,頁23-24。
     顏武雄(1997),「如何改進授信缺失抑低不良放款」,《今日合庫》,第23卷11期,頁4~21。
     羅際棠(1995),《銀行授信與經營》,臺北:三民書局。
     
     二、英文部分
     Adams, R. and P. Funk (2009), “Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Does Gender Matter?” UPF Working Paper,Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
     Aluto, J. A. and L. G. Hrebiniak (1975), “Research on Commitment to Employing Organizations: Preliminary Findings on a Study of Managers Graduation from Engineering and MBA Programs.” Paper presented in the Academy of Management Meeting, New Orleans.
     Bantel, K. A. and S. E. Jackson (1989), “Top Management and Innovations in Banking:Does the Composition of the Top Team Make a Differencd?” Strategic Management Journal, 10, 107-124.
     Bem, S. L. (1974), “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
     Carlsson,G. and Karlsson, K. (1970),”Age, Cohorts and the Generation of Generations.” American Sociological Review, 6, 185-201.
     Chakravarty, B. and E. J. Zajac (1984), “Tailoring Incentive Systems to A Strategic Context.” Planning Review, 12, 30-35.
     Child,J. (1974), “Managerial and Organizational Factors Associated with Company Performance.” Journal of Management Studies, 11, 13-27.
     Chown, S. M. (1960), “The Wesley Rigidity Inventory: A Factor-Analytic Approach.” Jorunal of Abnormal and Social Psyhology, 61, 491-494.
     Coleman,S. (2007), “The Role of Human and Financial Capital in the Profitability and Growth of Women-owned Small Firms.” Journal of Small Business Management ,45(3), 303-319.
     Hambrick, D. C. and P. A. Mason (1984), “Upper Echelons: The Organizations as a Reflection of Its Top Managers,” Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193-207.
     Hambrick, D. C. and G. D. S. Fukutomi (1991), “The Seasons of a CEO’s Tenure.” Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 719-742.
     Harren, V. A., R. A. Kass, H. E. A. Tinsley, and J. R. Moreland (1978),” Influence of Sex Role Attitudes and Cognitive Styles on Career Decision Making.” Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 390-398.
     Hill , R. C., W. E. Griffith, and G. G. Judge (2001), Undergraduate Econometrics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
     Hsiao, C. (1986), Analysis of Panel Data. Econometric Society Monographs, No. 11. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     Jensen, M. C. and W. H. Meckling (1976), “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior-Agency Cost and Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial and Economics, 3, 305-360.
     Jensen, M. C. (1988), “Takeovers: Their Causes and Consequences.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2, 21-48.
     Kimberly, J. R. and M. J. Evanisko (1981), “Organizaional Innovation: The Influence of Individual,Organizational, and Contextual Factors on Hospital Adoption of Technological and Administrative Innovations.” Academy Of Management Journal, 24(4), 689-714.
     Losocco, K. A.and J. Robinson (1991), “Barriers to Women’s Small-business Success in the United States.” Gender and Society, 5(4), 511-532.
     Noburn, D. and S. Birley (1988), “The Top Management Team and Corporate Performance.” Strategic Management Journal, 9(3), 225-237.
     Salas,V. and J. Saurina (2002), “Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Saving Banks.” Journal of Financial Services Research, 22(3), 203-224.
     Sturdivant, F. D., J. L. Ginter, and A. G. Sawyer (1985), “Managers’ 67 Conservatism and Corporate Performance.” Strategic Management Journal, 6(1), 17-38.
      Wiersema, M. F. and K. A. Bantel (1992), “Top Management Team Demography and Corporate Strategic Change,” Academy of Management Journal, 35, 91-122.
     Wu, W. C., C. O. Chang, and Z. Selvili (2003), “Banking System, Real Estate Markets, and Nonperforming Loans.” International Real Estate Review, 6(1), 43-62.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
102921012
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102921012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃智聰zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Jr Tsungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧純真zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Chun Chenen_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Nov-2015 14:56:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Nov-2015 14:56:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102921012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/79240-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102921012zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 逾放比是衡量銀行經營風險的主要指標,一向為國內外研究者所重視,但多集中在研究總體經濟環境的影響、借戶的財業務指標、借戶負責人的特質等,甚少涉及分行經理人的特質或分行特性的研究。因此,本研究蒐集樣本銀行2009-2012年分行之追蹤資料(panel data),針對全體分行及北、中、南三區分行,經檢定最適模型後,採一元固定效果模型,來探究影響分行逾放比之因素。
     經由本實證研究結果,影響全體分行逾放比之因素為「分行成立期間」、「中小企業放款佔總放款比」、「消費者貸款佔總放款比」、「政府機關及公營事業放款佔總放款比」及「存放利差」均呈顯著負向影響。另影響不同地區分行逾放比的顯著因素各不相同,北區分行逾放比與「經理學歷為大學」、「分行總員額」呈顯著正向影響,與「存放利差」呈顯著負向影響;中區分行逾放比與「經理到任期間」、「分行成立期間」呈顯著負向影響,與「中小企業放款佔總放款比」呈顯著正向影響;南區分行逾放比與「分行成立期間」、「中小企業放款佔總放款比」、「消費者貸款佔總放款比」呈顯著負向影響。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) NPL ratio is the main measurement of bank operational risk, which has been valued by foreign and local researchers; however the researches mainly focus on the impact of the macroeconomic environment, the borrower`s financial and business indices, and the characteristics of the borrower’s responsible person, but few researches have involved the traits of branch managers or branch characteristics. Therefore, this study collected panel data of sample banks over the years 2009 – 2012 (612 in total) against entire branches and branches in the northern, central and southern regions, and after having verified the best model, the One-Way Fixed Effect Model was adopted to explore the factors affecting the NPL ratio of branches.
     According to the empirical results of this research, the factors affecting the NPL ratio of all the branches are "the establishment duration of branch", "SME loans to total loans ratio", "consumer loans to total loans ratio", "government agencies and public enterprise loans to total loans ratio" and "loan/deposit interest margins", which all demonstrated significant negative effects. Additionally, the significant factors affecting the NPL ratio of the branches in different regions vary. The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the northern region and "manager with university education background", "total number of staff at branch" show a significant positive effect, but significant negative effect is indicated by "loan/deposit interest margins". The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the central region and "duration of manager’s appointment", "the establishment duration of branch" show a significant negative effect, but significant positive effect is indicated by "SME loans to total loans ratio". The relations between the NPL ratio of the branches in the southern region and "the establishment duration of branch", "SME loans to total loans ratio", and "consumer loans to total loans ratio" show a significant negative effect.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 研究架構與流程 4
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 不良債權的定義 6
     第二節 逾期放款發生原因 10
     第三節 逾期放款對銀行的影響 13
     第四節 逾放比影響因素相關文獻 15
     第五節 代理理論與經理人的特質 20
     第六節 銀行放款對象的特性 24
     第三章 T銀行概述 31
     第一節 成立沿革與組織 31
     第二節 業務概況 32
     第四章 研究設計 35
     第一節 實證模型 35
     第二節 資料來源 38
     第三節 變數定義與說明 39
     第五章 實證結果 51
     第一節 實證結果分析 51
     第二節 模型正確性檢定 56
     第六章 結論與建議 58
     第一節 研究結論 58
     第二節 政策建議 61
     參考文獻 63
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102921012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 逾放比zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 銀行分支機構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一元固定效果模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NPL ratioen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the branch of banken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) One-Way Fixed Effect Modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 銀行分支機構逾放比之決定因素 -以T銀行為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Determinants of NPL Ratio of Bank Branches -Evidence from T Banken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
     王天翔(2007),《臺灣地區銀行授信類別與放款品質之研究》,臺中:國立中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     自銘珠(2003),《銀行經營績效影響之研究—經理人異動、經理人特徵及分行特性》,臺北:實踐大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
     李沃牆、林惠娜、劉雅鳳(2013),「公股銀行放款集中度對經營績效及逾放之影響分析」,《朝陽商管評論》,第12卷第2期,頁93-112。
     李藹慈(1993),「女性職業選擇行為之探究」,《社教雙月刊》,第58期,頁25-29。
     林左裕、賴郁媛(2005),「我國銀行業逾放比與總體經濟因素間關係之研究」,《商管科技季刊》,第6卷第1期,頁165-179。
     林宗漢、謝雅惠、張輝鑫、柯俊禎、林左裕(2011),「中小企業貸款違約因素之探討」,《東海管理評論》,第12卷第1期,頁121-149
     倪衍森、鄭新民、黃寶玉(2009),「銀行營業特性與資本適足率會影響逾放比?」,《商管科技季刊》,第10卷第3期,頁465-489。
     張家華、沈中華(2004),「違約率與總體經濟相關性」,《信用資訊》,第一卷第一期。
     張鈞(1994),「建立中小企業全面輔導體系之研究」,載於陳明璋(編) 《台灣中小企業發展論文集》,頁81-116,臺北:聯經出版事業公司。
     張綺娟(2005),《影響臺灣地區商業銀行逾放比例之因素》,新竹:國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
     許文志(1995),《邁向21世紀台灣中小企業經營策略》,臺北:揚智文化事業公司。
     郭照榮(2000),「金融機構合併之考慮因素及其對象之選擇」,《金融財務》,第5期,頁1-11。
     陳石進(2011),《銀行授信策略》,臺北:臺灣金融研訓院。
     陳家彬、江惠櫻、賴怡洵(2003),「商業銀行對企業授信決策考量因素與授信品質之關係」,《管理評論》,第22卷第2期,頁1-23。
     彭凱璐(2009),「從全球金融海嘯中重新檢視企業經營之代理問題-看『肥貓』的養成」,《司法新聲》,第81期月刊。
     楊蓁海(2007),「我國銀行存放款利差減少原因剖析與因應對策」,《中央銀行季刊》,第29卷第2期,頁45-82。
     蔡友財(1988),《銀行經營失敗與防範對策之研究》,財政部金融司儲委會金融研究小組編印,頁232
     蔡進財(2000),「我國建立問題金融機構處理機制之探討」,《臺灣金融財務季刊》,第1卷第2期,頁1-12。
     盧筱筠(2001),「淺談金融機構出售不良債權之相關問題及案件偵辦」,《司法新聲》第100期季刊,頁14-25
     賴吉秋(1998),「淺談金融機構逾期放款發生之因與因應之道」,《基層金融》,第36期,頁115~120。
     戴錦周、陳研研(2005),「台灣商業銀行1994~2002年授信戶逾期還款行為之研究」,《台灣金融財務季刊》,第6卷第1期,頁119-133。
     鍾俊文、陳惠玲(2001),「金融機構逾放問題」,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第15期,頁23-24。
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     Salas,V. and J. Saurina (2002), “Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Saving Banks.” Journal of Financial Services Research, 22(3), 203-224.
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      Wiersema, M. F. and K. A. Bantel (1992), “Top Management Team Demography and Corporate Strategic Change,” Academy of Management Journal, 35, 91-122.
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