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題名 美國亞太經合會(APEC)政策之研究(1989-2014)
A Study on the Policy of the U.S. towards the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (1989-2014)
作者 盧子漸
Lu, Tzu Chien
貢獻者 黃奎博
Huang, Kwei Bo
盧子漸
Lu, Tzu Chien
關鍵詞 美國外交政策
亞太經合會
跨太平洋夥伴協定
全面經濟夥伴關係
亞太區域自由貿易區
The Foreign Policy of the United States
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP)
日期 2015
上傳時間 4-Jan-2016 16:55:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文透過歷史脈絡、國際層次以及國際新自由制度主義的研究美國從1989年至2014年在APEC的政策。本論文第三章以歷史的角度，以美國總統任期依序自老布希、柯林頓、小布希至歐巴馬，分別論述各任總統遭遇到的國內外的挑戰，以及同時在APEC的制度、倡議以及立場。第四章以雙邊、次區域及國際制度等三種國際視角，首先探索美國與其他在亞太的主要行為國家，日本、澳洲以及中國大陸的互動對美國政策的影響，發現中國大陸經濟實力的崛起，改變了美國與這三個國家間的互動關係；其次以美國與亞太地區其他貿易集團，如NAFTA、ASEAN以及近年形成中的TPP和RCEP，檢視其對美國在APEC政策的影響，發現NAFTA的成立使得各次區域的自由貿易區相繼成立，使得APEC開始重視區域經濟問題；最後用國際制度或建制的角度比較是否和美國的利益一致，發現APEC在制度上的因素導致美國無法強力的領導組織，導致各國開始私下簽訂FTA/RTA以因應區域整合的潮流。
最後論文的研究發現，美國參與APEC旨在透過APEC機制影響全球、區域以及雙邊國家的貿易規則；但是相對的，美國的APEC政策仍然受到國內及國外的許多因素影響，例如其他亞太成員、次區域性組織或集團以及APEC的制度。總的來說，APEC對美國而言仍是重要的國際場域，美國為了擴展貿易機會與經濟成長，仍會積極的與亞太國家經貿合作以及透過APEC制度尋求在WTO組織的支持。未來美國將先專注於TPP貿易協定，後目標在可能完成的FTAAP。儘管APEC因無法律拘束力而無法成為美國最能施力的亞太區域組織，但是APEC仍然為美國重視的區域經貿合作平台之一。
Since 1989 APEC was established, the function, role and the influence of APEC has been widely disputed. The United States, as the hegemony in economic, military and political aspects, has been cooperating or dominating with the Asia-Pacific countries in various ways for the past a quarter-century. The establishment of APEC was the first organization in cooperating Asia-Pacific affairs and it operates until now for 25 years.
This master thesis analyzes the United States’ foreign policy towards APEC from 1989 to 2014 by historical, international and institutional levels. In historical level, it analyzes by the following, Bush Administration, Clinton Administration, G.W. Bush Administration, and Obama Administration that seeing the challenges they faced and their policy towards APEC. In international level, it considers the U.S.’ interactions with the other main actors in Asia-Pacific, for instance, Japan, Australia, Mainland China, and the regional trading blocs, NAFTA, ASEAN, RCEP, and TPP countries. At the end, in institutional level, it compares the APEC institution and regime with the U.S.’ proposal for the past 25 years that how the U.S. changed or failed to APEC regime.
As for the research result, it discovers the U.S.’ strategy to boost trade opportunities and economic growth on APEC and to seek Pacific countries’ support to establishing world trade regime. During the 1990 to 2000, the U.S. is the only hegemony in Asia-Pacific region and actively promoting new trade regulations. However, due to the APEC’s unique “Consensus” institution, the U.S. failed to achieve several goals in APEC. After 2000, the Mainland China’s economic capability grows rapidly, catching many countries’ attention. In order not to fall behind, many countries such as Southeast Asian countries formed a collision and signed many FTAs with Asia-Pacific countries that the U.S. was forced to focus on TPP and FTAAP issues. Perhaps, APEC is not the organization that the U.S. can dominate or lead, but the APEC institution has its own value that the U.S. still care.
參考文獻 壹、中文文獻

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組織官方網站資料
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“9th APEC Economic Leaders` Meeting 2001 - Statement on Counter-Terrorism”, APEC Official Website,
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專書
Aggarwal, Vinod K. and Charles E. Morrison, eds., Asia-Pacific Crossroads : Regime Creation and The Future of APEC (New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998).
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Ikenberry, John G. and Michael Mastanduno, eds., International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003).
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Rüland, Jürgen, Eva Manske and Werner Draguhn, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) : The First Decade (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002).
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Yamazawa, Ippei, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) : Challenges and Tasks for the Twenty-First Century (London: Routledge, 2000).

期刊
Axelrod, Robert and Robert O. Keohane, “Achieving Cooperation Under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions”, World Politics, Vol. 38, No.1, (October 1985), pp.227-254.
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Wesley, Michael, “APEC’s Mid-Life Crisis? The Rise and Fall of Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization”, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 74, No. 2 (Summer, 2001), pp. 185-204.

報紙
“Obama to skip Asia-Pacific summit”, The Washington Post, May 15, 2012, A3.
“U.S. Still Opposes East Asian Economic Bloc”, Asian Wall Street Journal, September 25, 1991.
Chandler, Clay, "APEC Condemns Attacks on U.S.; Leaders Divided Over Response", The Washington Post, Oct 22, 2001, A11.
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Devroy, Ann and Eric Pianin, "Federal Agencies Prepare for Shutdown; Negotiations on Budget Resume After 2 Vetoes", The Washington Post, November 14, 1995, A01.
De Young, Karen, "U.S. might Try to Salvage Part of N. Korean Accord", The Washington Post, October 25, 2002, A26.
Jehl, Douglas, “U.S. Going Empty-Handed to Meeting on Global Warming”, The New York Times, March 29, 2001, A22.
Nakamura, David, “Obama to skip summits, remain in Washington amid impasse”, The Washington Post, October 4, 2013, A6.
Sanger, David e., “Bush Puts Tariffs of as Much as 30% on Steel Imports”, The New York Times, March 6, 2002, A1.
Sugawara, Sandra, "APEC Pact Forged the Asian Way; Member Countries Avoid Confrontation", The Washington Post, November 18, 1995.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
102253010
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102253010
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃奎博zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Kwei Boen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 盧子漸zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Tzu Chienen_US
dc.creator (作者) 盧子漸zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lu, Tzu Chienen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Jan-2016 16:55:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Jan-2016 16:55:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Jan-2016 16:55:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102253010en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/80314-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102253010zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文透過歷史脈絡、國際層次以及國際新自由制度主義的研究美國從1989年至2014年在APEC的政策。本論文第三章以歷史的角度，以美國總統任期依序自老布希、柯林頓、小布希至歐巴馬，分別論述各任總統遭遇到的國內外的挑戰，以及同時在APEC的制度、倡議以及立場。第四章以雙邊、次區域及國際制度等三種國際視角，首先探索美國與其他在亞太的主要行為國家，日本、澳洲以及中國大陸的互動對美國政策的影響，發現中國大陸經濟實力的崛起，改變了美國與這三個國家間的互動關係；其次以美國與亞太地區其他貿易集團，如NAFTA、ASEAN以及近年形成中的TPP和RCEP，檢視其對美國在APEC政策的影響，發現NAFTA的成立使得各次區域的自由貿易區相繼成立，使得APEC開始重視區域經濟問題；最後用國際制度或建制的角度比較是否和美國的利益一致，發現APEC在制度上的因素導致美國無法強力的領導組織，導致各國開始私下簽訂FTA/RTA以因應區域整合的潮流。
最後論文的研究發現，美國參與APEC旨在透過APEC機制影響全球、區域以及雙邊國家的貿易規則；但是相對的，美國的APEC政策仍然受到國內及國外的許多因素影響，例如其他亞太成員、次區域性組織或集團以及APEC的制度。總的來說，APEC對美國而言仍是重要的國際場域，美國為了擴展貿易機會與經濟成長，仍會積極的與亞太國家經貿合作以及透過APEC制度尋求在WTO組織的支持。未來美國將先專注於TPP貿易協定，後目標在可能完成的FTAAP。儘管APEC因無法律拘束力而無法成為美國最能施力的亞太區域組織，但是APEC仍然為美國重視的區域經貿合作平台之一。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since 1989 APEC was established, the function, role and the influence of APEC has been widely disputed. The United States, as the hegemony in economic, military and political aspects, has been cooperating or dominating with the Asia-Pacific countries in various ways for the past a quarter-century. The establishment of APEC was the first organization in cooperating Asia-Pacific affairs and it operates until now for 25 years.
This master thesis analyzes the United States’ foreign policy towards APEC from 1989 to 2014 by historical, international and institutional levels. In historical level, it analyzes by the following, Bush Administration, Clinton Administration, G.W. Bush Administration, and Obama Administration that seeing the challenges they faced and their policy towards APEC. In international level, it considers the U.S.’ interactions with the other main actors in Asia-Pacific, for instance, Japan, Australia, Mainland China, and the regional trading blocs, NAFTA, ASEAN, RCEP, and TPP countries. At the end, in institutional level, it compares the APEC institution and regime with the U.S.’ proposal for the past 25 years that how the U.S. changed or failed to APEC regime.
As for the research result, it discovers the U.S.’ strategy to boost trade opportunities and economic growth on APEC and to seek Pacific countries’ support to establishing world trade regime. During the 1990 to 2000, the U.S. is the only hegemony in Asia-Pacific region and actively promoting new trade regulations. However, due to the APEC’s unique “Consensus” institution, the U.S. failed to achieve several goals in APEC. After 2000, the Mainland China’s economic capability grows rapidly, catching many countries’ attention. In order not to fall behind, many countries such as Southeast Asian countries formed a collision and signed many FTAs with Asia-Pacific countries that the U.S. was forced to focus on TPP and FTAAP issues. Perhaps, APEC is not the organization that the U.S. can dominate or lead, but the APEC institution has its own value that the U.S. still care.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 文獻回顧 5
第三節 研究問題與研究方法 14
第四節 研究架構與章節安排 17
第五節 研究範圍與限制 19
第二章 美國外交政策與新自由制度主義 21
第一節 美國外交政策: 以新自由制度主義分析 21
第二節 美國與國際經貿建制 29
第三節 APEC的誕生: 冷戰結束前美國的戰略目標 38
第四節 小結 48
第三章 美國在APEC的政策與參與 51
第一節 老布希政府時期 (1989-1992) 51
第二節 柯林頓政府時期 (1993-2000) 63
第三節 小布希政府時期 (2001-2008) 82
第四節 歐巴馬政府時期 (2009-2014) 101
第五節 小結 120
第四章 美國在APEC 政策之評析 125
第一節 雙邊層次因素：美國與APEC主要會員經濟體的互動 125
第二節 次區域層次因素：美國與亞太區域經濟整合 158
第三節 制度層次因素：美國與APEC制度演變 176
第四節 小結 188
第五章 結論 191
第一節 研究發現 192
第二節 研究限制 197
第三節 未來研究方向 199

參考文獻 201
壹、中文文獻 201
貳、英文文獻 204

附錄 221
附錄一、歷年APEC領袖會議與主要國家領袖任期時間表 221
附錄二、亞太國家雙邊/多邊自由貿易協定生效日期表 224
附錄三、APEC論壇組織架構圖 227		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4803939 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102253010en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞太經合會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨太平洋夥伴協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全面經濟夥伴關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞太區域自由貿易區zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Foreign Policy of the United Statesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP)en_US
dc.title (題名) 美國亞太經合會(APEC)政策之研究(1989-2014)zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on the Policy of the U.S. towards the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (1989-2014)en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文文獻

政府官方文件
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專書
包宗和主編，國際關係理論 (台北市：五南圖書，2011年)。
周煦，冷戰後美國的東亞政策(1989-1997) (台北市：生智，1999年)。
林碧炤，國際政治與外交政策 (台北市：五南圖書，2013年)。
黃昱程，國際金融 : 市場、理論與實務 (台北市: 華泰文化，2010年)。
楊永明，國際關係 (台北縣：前程文化，2010年)。
關中，意識形態和美國外交政策 (台北市：台北商務，2005年)。

期刊
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蔡宏明，「北美自由貿易協定之影響」，美國月刊，第9卷第1期 (1994年1月)，頁16-28。
鄭端耀，「國際關係『新自由制度主義』理論之評析」，問題與研究，第36卷第12期 (1997年12月)，頁1-12。
盧業中，「論國際關係之新自由制度主義」，問題與研究，第41卷第2期( 2002年3-4月)，頁43-68。

報紙
「中國印尼關係提升為全面戰略夥伴關係」，人民日報，
< http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2013-10/03/nw.D110000renmrb_20131003_2-01.htm > (2013年10月03日01 版)。
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李京倫，「陸提亞太自貿區 美：TPP優先」，聯合報 (2014年11月10日，A2版)。
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雷光涵、王麗娟，「TPP談判背水一戰 四大歧見難擺平」，聯合報 (2015年7月28日，A13版)。
歐陽誠，「分析：中國國企改革的必要與局限」，BBC中文網，
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鄭杰，「APEC峰會定調FTAAP路線」，經濟日報 (2014年11月15日，A4版)。


貳、英文文獻

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期刊
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報紙
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