學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 台灣會展產業永續性之挑戰- 以ISO 20121為解決方案
The Challenges of the Sustainability in the MICE Industry in Taiwan - Using ISO 20121 as the Solution
作者 賴柏宏
貢獻者 張瑜倩
Chang, Yu Chien
賴柏宏
關鍵詞 MICE
永續發展
企業綠化因素
國際標準
ISO 20121
永續活動管理
MICE Industry
sustainable development
corporate greening
international standards
ISO 20121
sustainable event management
日期 2015
上傳時間 4-Jan-2016 16:57:33 (UTC+8)
摘要 會展產業(又稱MICE)具有整合多方資源的特性,能為當地帶來可觀的經濟效益,因此有火車頭產業之稱。但近年來研究發現MICE對經濟、環境社會帶來許多負面衝擊,應該進行永續發展以降低風險。2012年,倫敦奧運採用國際標準ISO 20121永續活動管理系統後,國際上廣泛地討論該標準的發展可能改變MICE既有的商業模式,更能落實永續發展。
本研究問題為「台灣MICE產業如何透過使用ISO20121發展其永續活動?」本研究認為,MICE使用ISO20121之過程應該要瞭解到相關利害關係人之觀點,才能夠深入瞭解企業使用ISO 20121的決策因素。本研究以「經營需求」、「競爭需求」、「發展需求」三個觀點進行分析,發現目前台灣MICE因為缺乏完整發展的綠色供應鏈而對標準使用造成了阻礙。本研究建議,為了使MICE能夠發展永續活動管理,政府與企業領導人應該與「多方共同合作培養成功案例」、「提倡MICE的合法性」、「發展綠色供應鏈」、「提供獎勵誘因」等方式增強市場對於永續需求的強烈信號。
With the integrated features of multiple resources, event industry (also known as MICE) could bring considerable economic benefits for the local economy. However, recent studies have found that MICE can also cause negative impacts on economic, social and environmental aspects. To reduce the risk, MICE industry should address the sustainable development as a solution. After adopting by the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, ISO 20121, the standard of sustainable event management, have been extensively discussed in global society, which was considered to change the existing business model in MICE industry.
This study aims to answer research question, “how can ISO 20121 benefit the MICE industry in Taiwan to develop sustainable event service?” This research finds out identifying differnet perspectives of stakeholders clearly is crucial so as to understand the decision factors that affect the use of ISO 20121. By examining “business needs”, “completion needs” and “development needs” perspectives, this study discovers that the lack of well-established green supply chain can hold back the sustainable development in the MICE industry in Taiwan. In order to develop the sustainable event service in MICE industry, this study suggests that the government and business leaders should cooperate with different sectors to create successful case study, advocate the legality, establish green supply chain and provide incentives as strong signal to stimulate the demand of sustainability in MICE market.
參考文獻 英文部分
Andersson, L.M., & Bateman, T.S. (2000). Individual environmental initiative: Championing natural environmental issues in US business organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 548-570.
A ́lvarez Gil, M.J.,Burgos Jime ́nez, J., & Ce ́spedes Lorente,J.J.(2001).An analysis of environmental management, organizational context and performance of Spanish hotels. Omega, 29(6), 457–471.
Bansal, P. (2005). Evolving sustainably: a longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic management journal, 26(3), 197-218.
Bansal, P., & Roth, K. (2000). Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management journal, 43(4), 717-736.
Bohdanowicz, P. (2005). European hoteliers’environmental attitudes: Greening the business. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 46(2), 188-204.
Bramwell, B., & Alletorp, L. (2001). Attitudes in the Danish tourism industry to the roles of businessand government in sustainable tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(2), 91-103.
Bres, L., & Gond, J.-P. (2014). The visible hand of consultants in the construction of the markets for virtue: Translating issues, negotiating boundaries and enacting responsive regulations. Human Relations, 67(11), 1347-1382
Brundtland, G., Khalid, M., Agnelli, S., Al-Athel, S., Chidzero, B., Fadika, L., & de Botero, M. M. (1987). Our Common Future (\\`Brundtland report\\`).
Brunsson, N., & Jacobsson, B. (2000). A world of standards.
Bunduchi, R., Williams, R., & Graham, I. (2004). Between public and private-the nature of today’s standards. Paper presented at the Standards, Democracy and the Public Interest”workshop.
Butler, J. B., Henderson, S. C., & Raiborn, C. (2011). Sustainability and the balanced scorecard. Management Accounting Quarterly, 12(2), 1-10.
Claver-Cortes, E., Molina-Azorin, J., Pereira-Moliner, J., & Lopez-Gamero, D.(2007). Environmental strategies and their impact on hotel performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 663-679.
Chen, J. (2008). A Study on the Strategies of the Development of MICE Industry in
Kaohsiung. City Development, 14, 71-106.
Ciobanu, M., Mazilu, M., Mitroi, S., & Ciobanu, M. V. (2009). The quality management in general and the environment management: a natural relationship. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Mathematics and computers in business and economics.
Dickson, C., & Arcodia, C. (2010). Promoting sustainable event practice: The role of professional associations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 236-244. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.013
Dovers, S. R. (1996). Sustainability: demands on policy. Journal of Public Policy, 16(03), 303-318.
Dumitrana, M., & Caraiani, C. (2010). Management Control. ED, Universitară, Bucure şti.
Figge, F., Hahn, T., Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (2002). The sustainability balanced scorecard–linking sustainability management to business strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 11(5), 269-284.
Fineman, S., & Clarke, K. (1996). Green stakeholders: Industry interpretations and response. Journal of Management Studies, 33(6), 715-730.
Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. InN. K Denzin &
YS Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 361-376): Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Fuchs, D. A., & Mazmanian, D. A. (1998). The greening of industry: Needs of the field. Business Strategy and the Environment, 7(4), 193-203.
Gray, R. (2005). Taking a long view on what we now know about social and environmental accountability and reporting. Electronic Journal of Radical Organisation Theory, 9(1), 6-36.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Hall, C. M. (2010). Changing paradigms and global change: From sustainable to steady-state tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(2), 131-143.
Hall, C. M. (2012). SuStainable Mega-eventS: beyond the Myth of balanced approaches to Mega-event SuStainability. Event management, 16(2), 119-131. doi:10.3727/152599512x13343565268294
Hamann, R., & Kapelus, P. (2004). Corporate social responsibility in mining in Southern Africa: Fair accountability or just greenwash? Development, 47(3), 85-92.
Henderson, S. (2011). The development of competitive advantage through sustainable event management. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 245-257.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Motivate Employees? World, 88-96.
Jabbour, C. J. C. (2010). Non-linear pathways of corporate environmental management: a survey of ISO 14001-certified companies in Brazil. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 18(12), 1222-1225.
Jones, M. (2014). Sustainable event management: A practical guide: Routledge.
Jones, P. (2011). Designing an effective environmental Balanced Scorecard. Available from internet:
http://www.excitant.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Excitant_WP_Desi gning_Environmental_Balanced _Scorecard. pdf [November, 2013].
Kasim, A. (2007). Corporate environmentalism in the hotel sector: Evidence of drivers and barriers in Penang, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 680–699.
Kerr, R., Cosbey, A. J., & Yachnin, R. (1998). Beyond Regulation: Exporters and Voluntary Environmental Measures: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Kirk, D. (1998). Attitudes to environmental management held by a group of hotel managers in Edinburgh. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 17(1), 33–47.
Kusyk, S.M., & Lozano, J.M. (2007). SME social performance: A four-cell typology of key drivers and barriers on social issues and their implications for stakeholder theory. Corporate Governance, 7(4), 502–515.
Laing, J., & Frost, W. (2010). How green was my festival: Exploring challenges and opportunities associated with staging green events. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 261-267.
Laszlo, C. (2003). The sustainable company: How to create lasting value through social and environmental performance: Island Press.
Levy, D. L. (1997). Environmental management as political sustainability. Organization & Environment, 10(2), 126-147.
Lynes, J.K., & Dredge, D. (2006). Going green: Motivations for environmental commitment in the airline industry. A case study of Scandinavian Airlines. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2),116–138.
Lynes, J. K., & Andrachuk, M. (2008). Motivations for corporate social and environmental responsibility: A case study of Scandinavian Airlines. Journal of International management, 14(4), 377-390.
Mair, J., & Jago, L. (2010). The development of a conceptual model of greening in the business events tourism sector. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 77-94. doi: 10.1080/09669580903291007
Mangala, S. M. T. S. M. (2012). Sustainable Event Marketing in the MICE Industry: A Theoretical Framework. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(4), 227-249.
Marshall, R. S., Cordano, M., & Silverman, M. (2005). Exploring individual and institutional drivers of proactive environmentalism in the US wine industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 14(2), 92-109.
Mattli, W., & Büthe, T. (2003). Setting international standards: technological rationality or primacy of power? World Politics, 56(01), 1-42.
McNamara, K.E., & Gibson, C. (2008). Environmental sustainability in practice? A macro-scale profile of tourist accommodation facilities in Australia’s coastal zone. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(1), 85–100.
Meidinger, E. E. (1997). Look who`s making the rules: International environmental standard setting by non-governmental organizations. Human Ecology Review, 4, 52-54.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook: Sage.
Mishler, E. G. (1986). The analysis of interview-narratives: TR Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct.
Murray, P. C. (1997). International Environmental Management Standard, ISO 14000: A Non-Tariff Barrier or a Step to an Emerging Global Environmental Policy. U. Pa. J. Int`l Econ. L., 18, 577-615.
Musgrave, J., & Pelham, F. (2011). Will sustainability change the business model of the event industry? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 187-192.
Nickerson, J. V., & Muehlen, M. Z. (2006). The ecology of standards processes: insights from internet standard making. Mis Quarterly, 467-488.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 344-347.
Petts, J., Herd, A., Gerrard, S., & Horne, C. (1999). The climate and culture of environmental compliance within SMEs. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(1), 14-30.
Rada, R., & Craparo, J. (2000). Sharing standards: standardizing software projects. Communications of the ACM, 43(12), 21-25.
Raj, R., & Musgrave, J. (2009). Event management and sustainability: CABI.
Raj, R., Walters, P., & Rashid, T. (2008). Events management: an integrated and practical approach: Sage.
Ranacher, L., & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2014). Green meetings: ecocertification of sustainable events in conference and business tourism. Sustainable Tourism VI, 187, 121.
Saeed-Khan, S., & Clements, P. (2009). 14 Planning Models for Creating Sustainable Events Management. Event Management and Sustainability, 140-149.
Saha, P. K. (2010). Environmental Management Systems and Sustainability: Integrating Sustainability in Environmental Management Systems: Lambert Academic Publishing.
Schaper, M. (2002). The challenge of environmental responsibility and sustainable development: Implications for SME and entrepreneurship academics. In U. Fu ̈glistaller, H.J. Pleitner, T. Volery, & W. Weber (Eds.), Radical changes in the world: Will SMEs soar or crash? (pp. 525–534). St Gallen, Switzerland: Recontres de St Gallen.
Sharma, S. (2000). Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy. Academy of Management journal, 43(4), 681-697.
Stavins, R. N., Wagner, A. F., & Wagner, G. (2003). Interpreting sustainability in economic terms: dynamic efficiency plus intergenerational equity. Economics Letters, 79(3), 339-343.
Tellis, W. M. (1997). Application of a case study methodology. The Qualitative Report, 3(3), 1-19.
Thøgersen, J. (2006). Media attention and the market for ‘green’consumer products. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(3), 145-156.
Timsheva, O. (2001). Environmental legacy of the Olympic Games. Report on the International Olympic.
Tinnish, S. (2012). Barriers and Enablers to the Adoption of the ISO 20121 Standard for Event Sustainability Management. Kendall College.
Tzschentke, N., Kirk, D., & Lynch, P. A. (2004). Reasons for going green in serviced accommodation establishments. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(2), 116-124.
Weiss, E. B. (1992). In fairness to future generations and sustainable development. Am. UJ Int`l L. & Pol`y, 8, 19.
Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research interviewing: Biographic narrative and semi-structured methods: Sage.
Williamson, D., Lynch-Wood, G., & Ramsay, J. (2006). Drivers of environmental behaviour in manufacturing SMEs and the implications for CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 317–330.
Yoo, Y., Lyytinen, K., & Yang, H. (2005). The role of standards in innovation and diffusion of broadband mobile services: The case of South Korea. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 14(3), 323-353.

中文部分
王叔瑜(2013)。綠色會展評估指標之建構─以台灣、大陸及香港為例。靜宜 大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版。民104年10月10日取自「全國博 碩士論文資訊網」:http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/17394830476854776834
郭乃文、劉孟芬、陳樂強、柯味香(2003)。觀光政策之政策環境影響評估-以觀 光客倍增計畫為例。觀光休閒暨餐旅產業永續經營學術第三屆研討會。民 92年4月,取自國立高雄餐旅大學網頁: http://ir.nkuht.edu.tw/handle/987654321/2514
陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究,台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
黃振家(2007)。會展產業概論,台北:經濟部商業司。
Earl, B. (1998)。The practice of social research. 中文 (上冊) 初版,時英出版社, 臺灣,民87年2月,頁200-201。
Yin, R. K. (2011)。質性研究─從開始到完成(李政賢, Trans.),台北:五南圖書 出版股份有限公司。


網路資源
中華民國行政院十大重點服務業「會展產業」
http://www.ey.gov.tw/policy7/cp.aspx?n=22C3B697A101DF19(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
台灣會展領航計劃「計畫介紹」 http://www.meettaiwan.com/zh_TW/menu/M0000172/%E8%A8%88%E7%95 %AB%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9.html?function=751A2FBA07AF6251D0636 733C6861689(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
里約環境發展宣言,1992
http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm(最後瀏覽日 2015.10.10)
Report of the world commission on environment and development, 1992, p.41
http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
聯合國「基本永續發展目標」
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1579SDGs%20Propos al.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
ICCA國際會議協會 2014統計數據報告
http://www.iccaworld.com//dcps/doc.cfm?docid=1789(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
Conference of the Parties Eighteenth session”List of Participants”, p.2
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cop18/eng/inf02.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
台灣會展領航計劃「103年綠色會展指南」, p.3
http://www.meettaiwan.com/mtfiles/mt//menu/201404/1397210610065-0.pdf(最 後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
List of APEX/ASTM Sustainable Meeting Standards, 2013
http://www.conventionindustry.org/StandardsPractices/APEXASTM/APEXAS TMlist.aspx(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
行政院環保署「環保低碳活動指引」, 2010, p.9-16
http://greenevent.epa.gov.tw/manage/file_download/file/%E7%92%B0%E4%B F%9D%E4%BD%8E%E7%A2%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%8C% 87%E5%BC%95.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
ISO “Sustainable Events with ISO 20121”, p.5
http://www.iso.org/iso/sustainable_events_iso_2012.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
會展領航計劃導入ISO20121案例分享 http://www.meettaiwan.com/zh_TW/green-exhibition/case/OPT00056/index.htm l?function=5E5F58E6E02010E2D0636733C6861689(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
雪梨音樂節活動永續政策, 2013 https://sydfest-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/About_Page_Images/Sydney_Festi val_Sustainability_Management_Policy.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
雪梨音樂節活動永續宣告影片, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EjeXw1agGE(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
中國標準化研究院「GB/T 31598201大型活動可持續性管理體系」
http://www.cssn.net.cn/templateHtml/CN-GB/7920218.html?drm_flag=&HasElec =1(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
Plaza Athenee Bangkok「永續活動政策」 http://assets.plazaatheneebangkok.com/lps/assets/u/SustainableEventsPolicy3.p df(最後瀏覽 日:2015.10.10)
Thailand Convention & Exhibition Bureau: MICE Capabilities: MICE Standards
http://www.businesseventsthailand.com/why-thailand/mice-capabilities/mice-sta ndards/(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
消費性電子產品協會活動永續政策”Making CES Green” http://www.cesweb.org/green(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
年節處處有燈會是帶動消費還是浪費? (工商時報/作者 康廷嶽)
http://ciis.cdri.org.tw/news/content.aspx?sid=0C041353299762306582(最後瀏覽 日:2015.10.10)
財團法人全國認證基金會TAF「市場關係圖」
http://www.taftw.org.tw/dispPageBox/TAFTWCP.aspx?ddsPageID=TWABOU THD&(最後 瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
經濟部國際貿易局「台灣會展領航計劃」, 2013 http://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=1045&pid=437711&dl_Dat eRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
永續活動聯盟(Sustainable Event Alliance)全球據點 http://sustainable-event-alliance.org/resources/iso20121/(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
鄭炯章,2014國際綠色產品展ISO 20121活動永續管理系統經驗及成效, 2014
http://www.meettaiwan.com/data/MT/News/1030512/03-2014%E5%9C%8B%E 9%9A%9B%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E5%B 1%95%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5ISO%2020121%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97 %E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
International Olympic Committee: Report of the 2020 Evaluation Commission http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2020_Evaluation_Com mission_report.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
張博鈞「八仙塵暴,找回消失的大型活動管理」, 2015 http://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/4262(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
102364135
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102364135
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張瑜倩zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Yu Chienen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 賴柏宏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 賴柏宏zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Jan-2016 16:57:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Jan-2016 16:57:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Jan-2016 16:57:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102364135en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/80323-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102364135zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 會展產業(又稱MICE)具有整合多方資源的特性,能為當地帶來可觀的經濟效益,因此有火車頭產業之稱。但近年來研究發現MICE對經濟、環境社會帶來許多負面衝擊,應該進行永續發展以降低風險。2012年,倫敦奧運採用國際標準ISO 20121永續活動管理系統後,國際上廣泛地討論該標準的發展可能改變MICE既有的商業模式,更能落實永續發展。
本研究問題為「台灣MICE產業如何透過使用ISO20121發展其永續活動?」本研究認為,MICE使用ISO20121之過程應該要瞭解到相關利害關係人之觀點,才能夠深入瞭解企業使用ISO 20121的決策因素。本研究以「經營需求」、「競爭需求」、「發展需求」三個觀點進行分析,發現目前台灣MICE因為缺乏完整發展的綠色供應鏈而對標準使用造成了阻礙。本研究建議,為了使MICE能夠發展永續活動管理,政府與企業領導人應該與「多方共同合作培養成功案例」、「提倡MICE的合法性」、「發展綠色供應鏈」、「提供獎勵誘因」等方式增強市場對於永續需求的強烈信號。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the integrated features of multiple resources, event industry (also known as MICE) could bring considerable economic benefits for the local economy. However, recent studies have found that MICE can also cause negative impacts on economic, social and environmental aspects. To reduce the risk, MICE industry should address the sustainable development as a solution. After adopting by the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, ISO 20121, the standard of sustainable event management, have been extensively discussed in global society, which was considered to change the existing business model in MICE industry.
This study aims to answer research question, “how can ISO 20121 benefit the MICE industry in Taiwan to develop sustainable event service?” This research finds out identifying differnet perspectives of stakeholders clearly is crucial so as to understand the decision factors that affect the use of ISO 20121. By examining “business needs”, “completion needs” and “development needs” perspectives, this study discovers that the lack of well-established green supply chain can hold back the sustainable development in the MICE industry in Taiwan. In order to develop the sustainable event service in MICE industry, this study suggests that the government and business leaders should cooperate with different sectors to create successful case study, advocate the legality, establish green supply chain and provide incentives as strong signal to stimulate the demand of sustainability in MICE market.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 8
第三節 研究方法 10
第四節 研究流程 11
第二章 文獻探討 12
第一節 永續活動 12
第二節 永續活動管理架構 15
第三節 自願性非規範行動 19
第四節 國際標準ISO20121 21
第五節 企業綠化與ISO使用 26
第六節 小結 32
第三章 研究方法 36
第一節 研究工具 36
第二節 研究對象選擇 38
第三節 資料分析架構 40
第四章 資料分析 41
第一節 ISO20121與永續活動 41
第二節 使用ISO20121之趨力分析 48
第三節 使用ISO20121之障礙分析 60
第四節 趨力與障礙因素總覽 73
第五章 結論 77
第一節 研究發現與結論 77
第二節 研究貢獻 81
第三節 研究限制 84
第四節 未來研究建議 85
參考文獻 86
英文部分 86
中文部分 91
網路資源 92
附錄1:訪談大綱 95
附錄2:全球自願性非規範行動 97
附錄3:訪談逐字稿 99
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3028733 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102364135en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) MICEzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 永續發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業綠化因素zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際標準zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ISO 20121zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 永續活動管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) MICE Industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) sustainable developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) corporate greeningen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international standardsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ISO 20121en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) sustainable event managementen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣會展產業永續性之挑戰- 以ISO 20121為解決方案zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Challenges of the Sustainability in the MICE Industry in Taiwan - Using ISO 20121 as the Solutionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分
Andersson, L.M., & Bateman, T.S. (2000). Individual environmental initiative: Championing natural environmental issues in US business organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 548-570.
A ́lvarez Gil, M.J.,Burgos Jime ́nez, J., & Ce ́spedes Lorente,J.J.(2001).An analysis of environmental management, organizational context and performance of Spanish hotels. Omega, 29(6), 457–471.
Bansal, P. (2005). Evolving sustainably: a longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic management journal, 26(3), 197-218.
Bansal, P., & Roth, K. (2000). Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management journal, 43(4), 717-736.
Bohdanowicz, P. (2005). European hoteliers’environmental attitudes: Greening the business. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 46(2), 188-204.
Bramwell, B., & Alletorp, L. (2001). Attitudes in the Danish tourism industry to the roles of businessand government in sustainable tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(2), 91-103.
Bres, L., & Gond, J.-P. (2014). The visible hand of consultants in the construction of the markets for virtue: Translating issues, negotiating boundaries and enacting responsive regulations. Human Relations, 67(11), 1347-1382
Brundtland, G., Khalid, M., Agnelli, S., Al-Athel, S., Chidzero, B., Fadika, L., & de Botero, M. M. (1987). Our Common Future (\\`Brundtland report\\`).
Brunsson, N., & Jacobsson, B. (2000). A world of standards.
Bunduchi, R., Williams, R., & Graham, I. (2004). Between public and private-the nature of today’s standards. Paper presented at the Standards, Democracy and the Public Interest”workshop.
Butler, J. B., Henderson, S. C., & Raiborn, C. (2011). Sustainability and the balanced scorecard. Management Accounting Quarterly, 12(2), 1-10.
Claver-Cortes, E., Molina-Azorin, J., Pereira-Moliner, J., & Lopez-Gamero, D.(2007). Environmental strategies and their impact on hotel performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 663-679.
Chen, J. (2008). A Study on the Strategies of the Development of MICE Industry in
Kaohsiung. City Development, 14, 71-106.
Ciobanu, M., Mazilu, M., Mitroi, S., & Ciobanu, M. V. (2009). The quality management in general and the environment management: a natural relationship. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Mathematics and computers in business and economics.
Dickson, C., & Arcodia, C. (2010). Promoting sustainable event practice: The role of professional associations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 236-244. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.013
Dovers, S. R. (1996). Sustainability: demands on policy. Journal of Public Policy, 16(03), 303-318.
Dumitrana, M., & Caraiani, C. (2010). Management Control. ED, Universitară, Bucure şti.
Figge, F., Hahn, T., Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (2002). The sustainability balanced scorecard–linking sustainability management to business strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 11(5), 269-284.
Fineman, S., & Clarke, K. (1996). Green stakeholders: Industry interpretations and response. Journal of Management Studies, 33(6), 715-730.
Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. InN. K Denzin &
YS Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 361-376): Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Fuchs, D. A., & Mazmanian, D. A. (1998). The greening of industry: Needs of the field. Business Strategy and the Environment, 7(4), 193-203.
Gray, R. (2005). Taking a long view on what we now know about social and environmental accountability and reporting. Electronic Journal of Radical Organisation Theory, 9(1), 6-36.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Hall, C. M. (2010). Changing paradigms and global change: From sustainable to steady-state tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(2), 131-143.
Hall, C. M. (2012). SuStainable Mega-eventS: beyond the Myth of balanced approaches to Mega-event SuStainability. Event management, 16(2), 119-131. doi:10.3727/152599512x13343565268294
Hamann, R., & Kapelus, P. (2004). Corporate social responsibility in mining in Southern Africa: Fair accountability or just greenwash? Development, 47(3), 85-92.
Henderson, S. (2011). The development of competitive advantage through sustainable event management. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 245-257.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Motivate Employees? World, 88-96.
Jabbour, C. J. C. (2010). Non-linear pathways of corporate environmental management: a survey of ISO 14001-certified companies in Brazil. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 18(12), 1222-1225.
Jones, M. (2014). Sustainable event management: A practical guide: Routledge.
Jones, P. (2011). Designing an effective environmental Balanced Scorecard. Available from internet:
http://www.excitant.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Excitant_WP_Desi gning_Environmental_Balanced _Scorecard. pdf [November, 2013].
Kasim, A. (2007). Corporate environmentalism in the hotel sector: Evidence of drivers and barriers in Penang, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 680–699.
Kerr, R., Cosbey, A. J., & Yachnin, R. (1998). Beyond Regulation: Exporters and Voluntary Environmental Measures: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Kirk, D. (1998). Attitudes to environmental management held by a group of hotel managers in Edinburgh. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 17(1), 33–47.
Kusyk, S.M., & Lozano, J.M. (2007). SME social performance: A four-cell typology of key drivers and barriers on social issues and their implications for stakeholder theory. Corporate Governance, 7(4), 502–515.
Laing, J., & Frost, W. (2010). How green was my festival: Exploring challenges and opportunities associated with staging green events. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 261-267.
Laszlo, C. (2003). The sustainable company: How to create lasting value through social and environmental performance: Island Press.
Levy, D. L. (1997). Environmental management as political sustainability. Organization & Environment, 10(2), 126-147.
Lynes, J.K., & Dredge, D. (2006). Going green: Motivations for environmental commitment in the airline industry. A case study of Scandinavian Airlines. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2),116–138.
Lynes, J. K., & Andrachuk, M. (2008). Motivations for corporate social and environmental responsibility: A case study of Scandinavian Airlines. Journal of International management, 14(4), 377-390.
Mair, J., & Jago, L. (2010). The development of a conceptual model of greening in the business events tourism sector. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 77-94. doi: 10.1080/09669580903291007
Mangala, S. M. T. S. M. (2012). Sustainable Event Marketing in the MICE Industry: A Theoretical Framework. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(4), 227-249.
Marshall, R. S., Cordano, M., & Silverman, M. (2005). Exploring individual and institutional drivers of proactive environmentalism in the US wine industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 14(2), 92-109.
Mattli, W., & Büthe, T. (2003). Setting international standards: technological rationality or primacy of power? World Politics, 56(01), 1-42.
McNamara, K.E., & Gibson, C. (2008). Environmental sustainability in practice? A macro-scale profile of tourist accommodation facilities in Australia’s coastal zone. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(1), 85–100.
Meidinger, E. E. (1997). Look who`s making the rules: International environmental standard setting by non-governmental organizations. Human Ecology Review, 4, 52-54.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook: Sage.
Mishler, E. G. (1986). The analysis of interview-narratives: TR Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct.
Murray, P. C. (1997). International Environmental Management Standard, ISO 14000: A Non-Tariff Barrier or a Step to an Emerging Global Environmental Policy. U. Pa. J. Int`l Econ. L., 18, 577-615.
Musgrave, J., & Pelham, F. (2011). Will sustainability change the business model of the event industry? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(3), 187-192.
Nickerson, J. V., & Muehlen, M. Z. (2006). The ecology of standards processes: insights from internet standard making. Mis Quarterly, 467-488.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 344-347.
Petts, J., Herd, A., Gerrard, S., & Horne, C. (1999). The climate and culture of environmental compliance within SMEs. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(1), 14-30.
Rada, R., & Craparo, J. (2000). Sharing standards: standardizing software projects. Communications of the ACM, 43(12), 21-25.
Raj, R., & Musgrave, J. (2009). Event management and sustainability: CABI.
Raj, R., Walters, P., & Rashid, T. (2008). Events management: an integrated and practical approach: Sage.
Ranacher, L., & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2014). Green meetings: ecocertification of sustainable events in conference and business tourism. Sustainable Tourism VI, 187, 121.
Saeed-Khan, S., & Clements, P. (2009). 14 Planning Models for Creating Sustainable Events Management. Event Management and Sustainability, 140-149.
Saha, P. K. (2010). Environmental Management Systems and Sustainability: Integrating Sustainability in Environmental Management Systems: Lambert Academic Publishing.
Schaper, M. (2002). The challenge of environmental responsibility and sustainable development: Implications for SME and entrepreneurship academics. In U. Fu ̈glistaller, H.J. Pleitner, T. Volery, & W. Weber (Eds.), Radical changes in the world: Will SMEs soar or crash? (pp. 525–534). St Gallen, Switzerland: Recontres de St Gallen.
Sharma, S. (2000). Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy. Academy of Management journal, 43(4), 681-697.
Stavins, R. N., Wagner, A. F., & Wagner, G. (2003). Interpreting sustainability in economic terms: dynamic efficiency plus intergenerational equity. Economics Letters, 79(3), 339-343.
Tellis, W. M. (1997). Application of a case study methodology. The Qualitative Report, 3(3), 1-19.
Thøgersen, J. (2006). Media attention and the market for ‘green’consumer products. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(3), 145-156.
Timsheva, O. (2001). Environmental legacy of the Olympic Games. Report on the International Olympic.
Tinnish, S. (2012). Barriers and Enablers to the Adoption of the ISO 20121 Standard for Event Sustainability Management. Kendall College.
Tzschentke, N., Kirk, D., & Lynch, P. A. (2004). Reasons for going green in serviced accommodation establishments. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(2), 116-124.
Weiss, E. B. (1992). In fairness to future generations and sustainable development. Am. UJ Int`l L. & Pol`y, 8, 19.
Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research interviewing: Biographic narrative and semi-structured methods: Sage.
Williamson, D., Lynch-Wood, G., & Ramsay, J. (2006). Drivers of environmental behaviour in manufacturing SMEs and the implications for CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 317–330.
Yoo, Y., Lyytinen, K., & Yang, H. (2005). The role of standards in innovation and diffusion of broadband mobile services: The case of South Korea. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 14(3), 323-353.

中文部分
王叔瑜(2013)。綠色會展評估指標之建構─以台灣、大陸及香港為例。靜宜 大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版。民104年10月10日取自「全國博 碩士論文資訊網」:http://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/ndltd/17394830476854776834
郭乃文、劉孟芬、陳樂強、柯味香(2003)。觀光政策之政策環境影響評估-以觀 光客倍增計畫為例。觀光休閒暨餐旅產業永續經營學術第三屆研討會。民 92年4月,取自國立高雄餐旅大學網頁: http://ir.nkuht.edu.tw/handle/987654321/2514
陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究,台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
黃振家(2007)。會展產業概論,台北:經濟部商業司。
Earl, B. (1998)。The practice of social research. 中文 (上冊) 初版,時英出版社, 臺灣,民87年2月,頁200-201。
Yin, R. K. (2011)。質性研究─從開始到完成(李政賢, Trans.),台北:五南圖書 出版股份有限公司。


網路資源
中華民國行政院十大重點服務業「會展產業」
http://www.ey.gov.tw/policy7/cp.aspx?n=22C3B697A101DF19(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
台灣會展領航計劃「計畫介紹」 http://www.meettaiwan.com/zh_TW/menu/M0000172/%E8%A8%88%E7%95 %AB%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9.html?function=751A2FBA07AF6251D0636 733C6861689(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
里約環境發展宣言,1992
http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm(最後瀏覽日 2015.10.10)
Report of the world commission on environment and development, 1992, p.41
http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
聯合國「基本永續發展目標」
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1579SDGs%20Propos al.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
ICCA國際會議協會 2014統計數據報告
http://www.iccaworld.com//dcps/doc.cfm?docid=1789(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
Conference of the Parties Eighteenth session”List of Participants”, p.2
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cop18/eng/inf02.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
台灣會展領航計劃「103年綠色會展指南」, p.3
http://www.meettaiwan.com/mtfiles/mt//menu/201404/1397210610065-0.pdf(最 後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
List of APEX/ASTM Sustainable Meeting Standards, 2013
http://www.conventionindustry.org/StandardsPractices/APEXASTM/APEXAS TMlist.aspx(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
行政院環保署「環保低碳活動指引」, 2010, p.9-16
http://greenevent.epa.gov.tw/manage/file_download/file/%E7%92%B0%E4%B F%9D%E4%BD%8E%E7%A2%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%8C% 87%E5%BC%95.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
ISO “Sustainable Events with ISO 20121”, p.5
http://www.iso.org/iso/sustainable_events_iso_2012.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
會展領航計劃導入ISO20121案例分享 http://www.meettaiwan.com/zh_TW/green-exhibition/case/OPT00056/index.htm l?function=5E5F58E6E02010E2D0636733C6861689(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
雪梨音樂節活動永續政策, 2013 https://sydfest-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/About_Page_Images/Sydney_Festi val_Sustainability_Management_Policy.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
雪梨音樂節活動永續宣告影片, 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EjeXw1agGE(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
中國標準化研究院「GB/T 31598201大型活動可持續性管理體系」
http://www.cssn.net.cn/templateHtml/CN-GB/7920218.html?drm_flag=&HasElec =1(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
Plaza Athenee Bangkok「永續活動政策」 http://assets.plazaatheneebangkok.com/lps/assets/u/SustainableEventsPolicy3.p df(最後瀏覽 日:2015.10.10)
Thailand Convention & Exhibition Bureau: MICE Capabilities: MICE Standards
http://www.businesseventsthailand.com/why-thailand/mice-capabilities/mice-sta ndards/(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
消費性電子產品協會活動永續政策”Making CES Green” http://www.cesweb.org/green(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
年節處處有燈會是帶動消費還是浪費? (工商時報/作者 康廷嶽)
http://ciis.cdri.org.tw/news/content.aspx?sid=0C041353299762306582(最後瀏覽 日:2015.10.10)
財團法人全國認證基金會TAF「市場關係圖」
http://www.taftw.org.tw/dispPageBox/TAFTWCP.aspx?ddsPageID=TWABOU THD&(最後 瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
經濟部國際貿易局「台灣會展領航計劃」, 2013 http://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=1045&pid=437711&dl_Dat eRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
永續活動聯盟(Sustainable Event Alliance)全球據點 http://sustainable-event-alliance.org/resources/iso20121/(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
鄭炯章,2014國際綠色產品展ISO 20121活動永續管理系統經驗及成效, 2014
http://www.meettaiwan.com/data/MT/News/1030512/03-2014%E5%9C%8B%E 9%9A%9B%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E5%B 1%95%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5ISO%2020121%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97 %E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1.pdf(最後瀏覽日: 2015.10.10)
International Olympic Committee: Report of the 2020 Evaluation Commission http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Host_city_elections/2020_Evaluation_Com mission_report.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
張博鈞「八仙塵暴,找回消失的大型活動管理」, 2015 http://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/4262(最後瀏覽日:2015.10.10)
zh_TW