1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Education
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 我國大學畢業男女所得差異及其相關因素之探討
作者 柯淑芬
貢獻者 馬信行
教育研究所
日期 1987
上傳時間 8-Mar-2016 11:38:18 (UTC+8)
摘要 參考書目
一、中文部份
1.王玉屏(民70)，國中低收入學生行為困擾、學習態度與學業成就之調查研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
2.何茂松(民72)，國中女生的動機水準、工作難度、合作與競爭對工作表現及焦慮狀態之影響，師大體育研究所碩士論文。
3.沈偉康(民76)，學習態度、人格特質、親子關係與測試焦慮的相關研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
4.李錦虹(民71)，情境因素、後果預期及父母態度對測試焦慮的影響，台大心理研究所碩士論文。
5.林清山(民67),「成就動機、測試焦慮特質與情緒指標、測試焦慮狀態的相關研究」，師大教育心理學報，11期，頁37-48。
6.林邦傑(民68),「因素分析及其應用」，載於陳定國、黃俊英主編，企業研究應用技術大全(第二冊)，台北:大世紀。
7.金樹人(民68)，「國中學生動機水準、工作難度、合作與競爭對工作表現及焦慮狀態之影響」，師大教育研究所集刊，21輯，頁1-126。
8.吳一希(民58)，高中男生學業成就與性格、學習習慣及態度間關係之研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
9.紀文祥(民54)，大學及高中學生學習習慣與態度之研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
10.紀文祥(民56),「包何二氏學習習慣與態度之研究」，測驗年刊,14輯，頁416-430。
11.郭生玉(民62)，「國中低成就學生心理特質之分析研究」，師大教育研究所集刊，15輯，頁1-84。
12.郭為藩(民60)，自我心理學，台南:開山。
13.陳秀慧(民73)，高中學生英文學習態度與方法之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
14.梁茂森(民71)，閱讀速率、測試焦慮與國語文學習成就之關係，高雄師範學院教育研究所碩士論文。
15.張煌熙(民64)，「圈中編班方式與學生學習動機之關係」，師大教育研究所集刊，17輯，頁1-102。
16.張新仁(民71)，國中學生學習行為──學習方法、學習習慣與學習態度之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
17.曾美蕙(民73)，國中英語科低成就學生英語科學習行為之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
18.楊國樞等譯(民67)，行為統計學，台北:環球。
19.楊國樞與張春興合編(民63)，中國見童行為的發展，台北:環宇。
20.黃俊英(民75)，多變量分析，台北:中國經濟企業。
21.葉國安(民67)，我國師專生家庭社經地位、成就動機、抱負水準與學業成就之關係，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
22.鍾思嘉與龍長風(民73),「修訂情境與特質焦慮量表之研究」，測驗年刊，21輯，頁27-36。

二、英文部分
Allen, G.J. (1970). Effect of three conditions of administration on "trait" and "state" measures of anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 355-359.
Allen, G.J. (1971). Effectiveness of study counseling and desensitization in alleviating test anxiety in college students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,77, 282-289.
Allen , G.J. (1973). Treatment of test anxiety by group-administered and self-administered relaxation and study. Behavior Therapy, 4 , 349-360.
Allen, G.J.; Lerner, W.M., & Hinrichsen, J .J. (1972) .Study behaviors and their relationships to test anxiety and academic performance. Psychological Reports, 30, 4 07-410.
Alpert. R., & Haber, R. (1 960) . Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 207-215 .
Arboff, A. (1968) . Adjustment and mental health. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Arkin, R.M., & Schumann. D.W. (1984). Effect of corrective testing : An extent ion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 835-843.
Arkin, R.M., & Walts, E.A. (1983). Performance implications of corrective testing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 561-571.
Atkinson, J. W. (1957) . Motivational determinants of risk taking behavior. Psychological Review, 64,359-372.
Atkinson, J.W. (1964). An introduction to motivation.Princeton: Van Nostrand.
Atkinson, J.W.; Bastian, J.R.; Eral, R. W., & Litwin, G. H. (1960). The achievement motive, goodsetting, and probability preferences. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 27-36.
Atkinson, J.W., & Feather, N.T. (eds. ) (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Atkinson, J.W., & Litwin, G.H. (1960). Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60,52-63.
Bajtelsmit, J.W. (1977). Test-wiseness and systematic desensitization programs for increasing adult test-taking skils. Journal of Educational Measurement, 14, 335- 341.
Bajtelsmit, J .W. (1978). The effects of test anxiety,intelligence, and test format on adult academic achievement. Dissertation Abstracts International ,39, 765-766.
Bander, R.S., & Betz, N.E. (1981). The relationship of sex and sex role to trait and situationally specific anxiety types. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 312-322. •
Bedell, J. R. (1977) . Effects of instructions on the measurement of state anxiety in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 , 941-942.
Benjamin, M.; McKeachie, W. J.; Lin, L. , & Holinger, D.P. (1981). Test anxiety: Deficits in information processing. Journal of Educational Psychology,73, 816-824.
Best, J.B., & Stanford, C. A. (1 983 ). Gender, Grade point average , and test anxiety . Psychological Reports, 52, 892-894.
Betz, N.E. (1978). Prevalence, distribution, and correlates of math anxiety in college students .Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25 , 441- 448 .
Boor, M. (1972). Relationship of test anxiety and academic performance when controlled for intelligence. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 28, 171-172.
Boor, M. (1980). Test anxiety and classroom examination performance: A reply to Daniels and Hewitt (1978). Journal of Clinical Psychology,36, 177 - 179.
Branch, C. H. Hardin. (1968) . Aspects of anxiety (2nd & enl. ed.). Philadelphia: J.S. Lippincott.
Brody, N. (1963) . N achievement, test anxiety, and subjective probability of success in risk taking behavior. Journal .of Abnormal and Social Psychology,66, 413-418.
Brown, M. (1974). Motivational correlates of academic performance. Psychological Reports, 34, 746.
Brown, S .D., & Nelson, T.L. (1983) . Beyond the uniformity myth: A comparison of academically successful and unsuccessful test-anxiety college students . Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30,367-374 .
Bruch, M.A. (1981). Relationship of test-taking strategies to test anxiety and performance:
Toward a task analysis of examination behavior.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 41-56 .
Bruch, M.A.; Juster, H.R., & Kaflowitz, N.G. (1983). Relationship of cognitive components of test anxiety to test performance: Implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 527-536.
Castaneda, A.; Palermo, D.S., & McCandless, B.R. (1956). Complex learning and performance as a function of anxiety in children and task difficulty. Child Development, 27, 327-332.
Cattel, R.B.; Barton, K., & Dielman, T.E. (1972). Prediction of school achievement from motivation,personality, and ability measures. Psychological Reports, 30, 35-43.
Christensen, H. (1979). Test anxiety and academic achievement in high school students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 49, 648.
Combs, A.W., & Snygg, D. (1 959) . Individual behavior.New York: Ally and Bacon.
Cornish, R.D., & Dilley, J.S. (1973). Comparison of three methods of reducing test anxiety:Systematic desensitization, implosive therapy ,and study counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 20, 499-503.
Couch, J.V.; Garber, T.B. , & Turner, W. E . (1983).Facilitating and debilitating test anxiety and academic achievement. Psychological Record, 33 ,237-244.
Crawford, J. (1978) . Interactions of learner characteristics with the difficulty level of the
instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology,70, 523-531.
Culler, R.E., & Holahan, C.J. (1980). Test anxiety and academic performance: The effects of study-related behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology,72, 16-20.
Daniels, B., & Hewitt, J. (1978). Anxiety and classroom examination performance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 340-345.
Deffenbacher, J.L. (1977). Relationship of worry and emotionality to performance on the miller analogies test. Journal of Educational Psychology,69, 191-195.
Deffenbacher, J .L. (1978). Worry, emotionality, and task-generated interference in test anxiety: An empirical test of attentional theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 248-254.
Deffenbacher, J.L., & Deitz, S.R. (1978). Effects of test anxiety on performance, worry, and emotionality in naturally occurring exams. Psychology in the School, 15, 446-450.
Deffenbacher, J.L.; Deitz, S.R., & Hazaleus, S.L.(1981). Effects of humor and test anxiety on performance, worry, and emotionality in naturally occurring exams. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5 , 225-228.
Deffenbacher, J .L., & Hazaleus, S.L. (1985). Cognitive, emotional and physiological components of test anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research,9, 169-180.
Dember, W.N.; Nairne, F., & Miller, F.J. (1962).Further validation of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 427-428.
Desiderate, 0., & Koskinen, P. (1969). Anxiety, study habits, and academic achievement. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 16, 162-165.
Dew, K.M.H., & Gaassi, J.P. (1983). Mathematics anxiety: Some basic issues. Journal of
Counseling Psychology, 30, 443-446.
Dillard, J.M.; Warrier-Benjamin, J., & Perrin, D.W.(1977) . Efficacy of test-wiseness on test anxiety and reading achievement among black youth. Psychological Reports, 41, 1135-1140.
Doctor, R.M., & Altman, F. (1969). Worry and emotionality as components of test anxiety: Replication and further data. Psychological Reports, 24,563-568.
Dollard, J., & Miller, N. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dunn, J.A. (1968a). Anxiety, stress and the performance of complex intellectual tasks: A new look at old question. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 669-673.
Dunn, J.A. (1968b). The approach-avoidance paradigm as a model for the analysis of school anxiety.Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, 388-394.
Eysenck, M.W. (1979). Anxiety, learning, and memory: A reconceptualization. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 363-385.
Feather, N.T. (1961). The relationship of persistence at a task to expectation of success and achievement related motives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 552-561.
Feather, N.T. (1963). The relationship of expectation of success to reported probability, task structure, and achievement related motivation.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66 ,231-238.
Feather, N. T. (1966). Effects of Prior success and failure on expectation of success and subsequent performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 287-298.
Feather, N. T. (1967) . Effects of amount of prior success and failure on expectations of success and subsequent task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 226-232.
Frary, R. B. , & Ling, J. L. (1 983) . A factor-analytic study of mathemat.ics anxiety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 985-994.
Fulkerson, F.E., & Martin, G. (1981). Effects of exam frequency on student performance, evaluations of the instructor, and test anxiety. Teaching of Psychology, 8, 90-93 .
Gaeddert, W.P., & Dolphin, W.D. (1981). Effects of facilitating and debilitating anxiety on performance and study effort in mastery-based and traditional courses. Psychological Reports, 48,827-833.
Galassi, J.P.; Frierson, H.T., & Sharer, R. (1981).Behavior of high, moderate , and low test anxious students during an actual test situation.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,49, 51-62.
Galassi, J.P.; Frierson, H.T., & Siegel, R.G. (1984).Cognitive, test anxiety, and test performance: An closer look. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 319-320.
Ginter, E.J.; Scalise, J.J.; McKnight, R.R., & Miller, F.G. (1982). Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale:Normative data for graduate students in education.Psychological Reports, 50, 1116-1118.
Gjesme, T. (1972). Sex differences in the relationship between test anxiety and school performance.Psychological Reports, 30, 907-9 14.
Gjesme, T. (1982). Amount of manifested test anxiety in the heterogeneous classroom.
Journal of Psychology, 110, 171-189.
Green, K.E. (1981). Test anxiety level and test format preference. Psychological Reports, 48,537-538.
Greenberg, J.; Paisley, C., & Pyszczynski, T. (1985).Effect of extrinsic incentives on use test anxiety as an anticipatory attributional defense:Playing it cool when the stakes are high.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,47, l 136-1145.
Grooms, R. R., & Endler, N. S. (1960). The effect of anxiety on academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 299-304.
Hama, H., & Mine, H. (1980). A review of test anxiety research. Japanese Psychological Review, 23,295-319.
Hagtvet, K.A. (1978). Components of test anxiety measured in and out of explicitly defined situational contexts. Psychological Reports, 43,979-984.
Helmreich, R.L., & Spence, J.T. (1978). Work and family orientation questionnaire: An objective instrument to assess components of achievement motivation and attitudes toward family and career. Journal of Supplement Abstracts Service,8,35.
Hilgard, E.R.; Atkinson, R.C., & Atkinson, R.L.(1975). Introduction to psychology (6th ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Hodges, W.F., & Spielberger, C.D. (1966). The effects of threat of shock on heart rate for subjects who differ in manifested anxiety and fear of shock. Psychophysiology, 2, 287-294.
Hollandsworth, J.G., Glazeski, K.K., Jones, G., & Van Norman, L.R. (1979). An analysis of the nature and effects of test anxiety: Cognitive, behavioral,and physiological components. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 165-180.
Holroyd, K.A., Westbrook, M.W., & Badhorn, E. (1978).Performance, cognitive, and physiological responding in test anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 442-451.
Horne, A.M., & Matson, J.L. (1977). A comparison of modeling, desensitization, flooding, study skills, and control groups for reducing.test anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 8, 1-8.
Joesting, J. (1975). Test-retest reliabilities of state-trait anxiety inventory in an academic
setting. Psychological Reports, 37, 270 .
Joesting, J., & Whitehead, G.I. (1977). Relationship of state and trait anxiety to grades in
educational psychology. Psychological Reports,40, 705-706.
Johnson, D.T., & Spielberger, C.D. (1968). The effects of relaxation training and the passage of time on measure of state-and trait-anxiety.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 20-23.
Keith, T. Z. (1982). Time spent on homework and high school grades: A large- samples path analysis Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 248-253.
Kestenbaum, J. M., & Weiner, B. (1970). Achievement performance related to achievement motivation and test anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 343-344.
King, F. J.; Heinrich, D.L. •, Stephenson, R. S., Spielberger, C.D. (1976). An investigation of the causal influence of trait and state anxiety on academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 330-334.
Kirkland, K., & Hollandsworth, J.G. (1980). Effective test taking: Skills-acquisition versus anxietyreduction techniques. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 431-439.
Klausmeier, H.J. (1985). Educational psychology (5th ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
Lau, S. (1977). Some correlates of test anxiety. Acta Psychological Taiwanica, 19, 75-77.
Lent, R.W., & Russell, R.K. (1978). Treatment of test anxiety by cue-controlled desensitization and study-skills training. Journal of Counseling Psychology 25, 217-224.
Liebert, R.M., & Morris, L.W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychological Reports, 20, 975-978.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1970). Aptitude, anxiety,study habits, and academic achievement. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 306-309.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1971). Sex similarity in ersonality correlates of test anxiety. Psychological Reports, 29, 515-520.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1979). A factor analytic study of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 1, 23-27.
Mahone, C.H. (1960). Fear of failure and unrealistic vocational aspiration. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 253-261.
Mandler, G. , & Sarason, S. (1952). A study of anxiety and learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 166- 173.
Marso, R.N. (1970). Test i tern arrangement, testing time, and performance. Journal of Educational Measurement, 7, 113-118.
Martin , R., & Meyers, J. (1974). Effects of anxiety on quantity of examination preparation. Psychology in the School, 11, 217-221.
Mayer, R.E. (1981). The promise of cognitive psychology.San Francisco: Freeman.
McClelland, D.C.; Atkinson, J.W.; Clark, R.A., & Lowell, E.L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
McKeachie, W. J. (1984) . Does anxiety disrupt information processing or does poor information processing lead to anxiety. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 187-203.
McKeachie, W. J. et al. (1968). Student achievement motives, achievement cues, and academic achievement.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,32, 26-29.
Milgram, R.M., & Milgram, N.A. (1977). The effect of test content and context on the anxiety-intelligence relationship. Journal of Genetic Psychology,130, 121-127.
Milholland, J. E. (1964). Note on the further validation of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,69, 236.
Minor, S.W., & Gold, S.R. (1985). Worry and emotionality components of test anxiety. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 82-85.
Mitchell, K.R.; Hall, R.F., &Piatkowska, O.E. (1975).A program for the treatment of failing college students. Behavior Therapy, 6, 324-336.
Mitchell, K.R., & Ng. K.T. (1972). Effects of group counseling and behavior therapy on the academic achievement of test-anxious students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 491-497.
Morris, L.W., Davis, M.A., & Hutchings, C.H. (1981) .. Cognitive and emotional components of anxiety:Literature review and a revised worry-emotionality scale. Journal of Educational Psychology,73, 541-555.
Morris, L.W., & Engle, W.B. (1981). Assessing various coping strategies and their effects on test performance and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology,37, 165-171.
Morris, L.W., Finkelstein, C. S.,& Fisher, W.R.(1976). Components of school anxiety: Developmental trends and sex differences . Journal of Genetic Psychology, 128, 49-57.
Morris, L. W., Fulmer, R. S. (1976) . Test anxiety(worry and emotionality) change during academic testing as a function of feedback and test importance. Journal of Educational Psychology,68, 817-824.
Morris, L. W., & Liebert, R. M. (1970) . Relationship of cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety to physiological arousal and academic performance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 332-337.
Moulton, R.W. (1965). Effects of success and failure on level of aspiration as related to achievement motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1, 399-406.
Mueller, J.H., & Courtois, M.R. (1980). Test anxiety and breadth of encoding experiences in free recall. Journal of Research in Personality, 14,458-466.
Mueller, J.H., & Wherry, K.L. (1982). Test anxiety and reaction time for match- decisions. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 281-289.
Munz, D.C.; Costello, C.T., & Korabik, K. (1975). A further test of the inverted-U hypothesis relating achievement anxiety and academic test performance. Journal of Psychology, 89, 39-47.
Munz, D.C., & Smouse, A.D. (1968). Interaction effects of item-difficulty sequence and achievement anxiety reaction on academic performance.Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, 370-374.
O`Connor, P., & Atkinson, J.W. (1962). An achievement risk preference scale: A preliminary report.American Psychologist, 17, 317 .
Olson, D.R., & Schlottmann, R.S. (1980). Role of model`s affect in test anxiety. Psychological Reports, 47, 956-958.
O`Neil, H.F.; Spielberger, C.D., & Hansen, D.N. (1969) Effects of state anxiety and task difficulty on computer-assisted learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, 343-350.
Osipow, S. H., & Kreinbring, I. (1971). Temporal stability of an inventory to measure test
anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 18,152-154.
Osterhouse, R.A. (1972). Desensitization and study-skills training as treatment for two types of test-anxious students.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 301-307.
Pailas, J.W. (1976). A study of the relationship between test anxiety and test-wiseness, and
between sex and test-wiseness under relaxed and standard test instruction conditions. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 7959-7960.
Palermo, D.S.; Castaneda, A., & McCandless, B.R. (1956) . The relationship of anxiety in children to performance in a complex learning task. Child Development, 27, 333-337.
Paul, G.L., & Eriksen, C.W. (1964). Effects of test anxiety on "real life" examination. Journal of Personality, 32, 480-494.
Paulman, R.G., & Kennelly, K.J. (1984). Test anxiety and ineffective test taking: Different names,same construct. Journal of Educational Psychology,76 , 279-288.
Plake, B.S.; Ansorge, C.J.; Parker, C.S., & Lowry,S.R. (1982). Effects of item arrangement,knowledge of arrangement, test anxiety and sex on test performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 19, 49-57.
Prociuk, T.J., & Breen, L.J. (1973). Internal-external control, test anxiety and academic achievement:Additional data. Psychological Reports, 33, 563-566.
Ray, W.J.; Katahn, M., & Snyder, C.R. (1971). Effects of test anxiety on acquisition, retention, and generalization of a complex verbal task in a classroom situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 147-154.
Resnick, H.; Viehe, J., & Segal, S. (1982). Is math anxiety a local phenomenon? A study of prevalence and dimensionality. Journal of Counseling Psychology,29, 39-47.
Richardson, F.C.; O`Neil, H.F., & Whitmore, S. (1977).Factor analysis of the test anxiety scale and evidence concerning the components of test anciety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 704-705.
Richardson, F.C., & Suinn, R.M. (1972). The mathematics anxiety rating scale: Psychometric data.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 551-554.
Rounds , J. B., & Hendel, D. D. (1980) . Measurement and dimensionality of mathematics anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 138-149.
Russell, D.G., & Sarason, I.G. (1965). Test anxiety,Sex, and experimental conditions in relation to anagram solution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 493-496.
Sarason, I. G. (1958) . Interrelationships among individual difference variables, behavior in psychotherapy,and verbal conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 339-344.
Sarason, I.G. (1959). Intellectual and personality correlates of test anxiety. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 272-275.
Sarason, I.G. (1960). Empirical findings and theoretical problems in the use of anxiety
scales. Psychological Bulletin, 57, 403-415.
Sarason, I.G. (1961). Test anxiety and the intellectual performance of college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 52, 201-206.
Sarason, I.G. (1963). Test anxiety and intellectual performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psy chology,66, 73-75.
Sarason, I.G. (1973). Test anxiety and cognitive modeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 58-61.
Sarason, I.G. (1984). Stress, anxiety, and cognitive interference: Reactions to tests. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46 , 929-938.
Sarason, S.B.; Davidson, K.S.; Lighthall, F. F., Waite, R. R. (1958) . A test anxiety scale for children. Child Development, 29, 105-113.
Sarason, S.B.; Davidson, K.S.; Lighthall, F.F.; Waite R.R., & Ruebush, B.K. (1960). Anxiety in elementary school children. New York: John wiley & Sons.
Sarason, I.G., & Ganzer, V.J. (1962). Anxiety, reinforcement,and experimental instructions in a free verbalization situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 300-307.
Sarason, S. B., & Mandler, G. (1952) . Some correlates of test anxiety . Journal of Abnorma l and Social Psychology, 47 , 810-817 .
Sarason, I. G.; Pederson, A.M., & Nyman, B. (1968 ).Test anxiety and the observation of models.Journal of Personality , 36 , 493- 511.
Sarason, I.G., & Stoops , R. (1978). Test anxiety and the passage of time. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 , 102- 109.
Shaha, S.H. (1984 ). Matching-tests : Reduced anxiety and increased test effectiveness . Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 869-881.
Sharma, S., & Rao, S . (1983 ). The effects of self-esteem, test anxiety and intellignece on
academic achievement of high school girls . Personality Study and Group Behaviour, 3 , 48-55 .
Schwarzer, R. (1984 ). Worry and emotionality as separate components i n test anxiety. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 205-220.
Sieber, J.E.; Kameya, L.I., & Paulson, F.L. (1970) . Effect of memory-support on the problem-solving ability of test-anxious children . Journal of Educational Psychology , 61, 159-168 .
Simons , R.H., & Bibb, J . J . (1 974 ). Achievement motivation, test anxiety , and under achievement in the elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 67 , 366-369 .
Smith, C. P.(1962).Relationships between test anxiety, measured under different conditions, and intellignece,grades,and persistence.AmericanPsychologist,17,317.
Smith,C. P.(1964).Relationships between achievement related motives and intellignece, performance level,andpersistence.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68, 523-532.
Smith, C.A., & Morris, L.W. (1976). Effects of stimulative and sedative music on cognitive and emotional components of anxiety. Psychological Reports, 38, 1187-1193.
Smith, T.W.; Snyder, C.R., & Handelsman, M.M. (1982).On the self -serving function of an academic wooden leg: Test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,42, 314-321.
Snyder, C.R., & Katahn, M. (1973). Comparison levels,test anxiety, ongoing affect, and complex verbal learning. American Journal of Psychology, 86,555-565.
Spence, K.W.; Farber, I.E.; & McFann, H.H. (1956).The relation of anxiety (drive) level to performance in competitional and noncompetitional paired associates learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52, 296-305.
Spiegler, M.D.; Morris, L.W., & Liebert, R.M. (1968).Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: Temporal factors. Psychological Reports 22, 451-456.
Spielberger, C.D. (1966). Anxiety and behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research (vol. 1). New York: Academic Press.
Spieldberger, C.D. (1973). State-trait anxiety inventory for children: Preliminary manual. Palo Alto, Ca.: Consulting Psychologists Press .
Spielberger, C.D. (1980). The test anxiety inventory .Palo Alto, Ca.: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Spielberger, C.D.; Gorsuch, R.L., & Lushene, R.E. (1970) . Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, Ca. : Consulting Psychollogists Press.
Spielberger, C.D., & Katzenmeyer, W.G. (1959). Manifest anxiety, intelligence, and college grades.Journal of Consulting Psychology, 23 , 278.
Pielberger, C.D., & Smith, L.H. (1966). Anxiety (drive) , stress and serial- position effects in serial-versal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72 , 589-595.
Stanford, D.; Dember, W.N., & Stanford, L.B . (1963). A children`s form of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety scale. Child Development, 34 , 1027-1032.
Sweeney, C.T .; Smouse, A.D. ; Rupiper, O ., & Munz , D.C. (1970). A test of the inverted-U hypothesis relating achievement anxiety and academic test performance. Journal of Psychology, 74, 267-273.
Suinn , R.M. (1969). The STABS , a measure of test anxiety for behavior therapy: Normative data.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 7, 335- 339.
Taylor, J .A. (1953). A personality scale of manifest anxiety . Journal of Abnormal and Psychology, 48,285-290.
Taylor, J.A. (1956 ). Drive theory and manifest anxiety. psychological Bulletin,53, 303-320.
Taylor, J.A., & Spence, K.W. (1952). The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology,44, 61-64.
Thompson, M.A. (1977). Trait , state, and academic/test anxiety: Their relationship to reading performance. Dissertation Abstracts International,37`,7653.
Tobias, S. (1979). Anxiety research in educational psychology. Journal of Educational Psychology,71, 573-582.
Trent, J.T., & Maxwell, W.A. (1980). State and trait components of test anxiety and their implications for treatment. Psychological Reports, 47, 475-480 .
Tryon , G.S. (1980) . The measurement and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research,50, 343-372.
Vander Ploeg, H.M. (1984). The development and validation of the Dutch form of the test anxiety inventory. International Review of Applied Psychology,33, 243-255.
Van der Ploeg, H.M., & Hulshof , R.E. (1984). Cross-cultural study of the relationship
among academic performance , test anxiety, intelligence,and sex. Psychological Reports, 55, 343-346.
Waite, R.R.; Sarason, S.B.; Lighthall, F.F., & Davidson, K. S. (1958 ). A study of anxiety and learning in children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57 , 267 -270 .
Walsh, R.P.; Engbretson, R.O., & O`Brien, B.A. (1968). Anxiety and test-taking behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15, 572-575.
Walter, D.; Denzler, L.S., & Sarason, I.G. (1964). Anxiety and the intellectual performance of high school students. Child Development, 35, 917-926.
Watson. J.B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14 .
Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 92-104.
Wittmaier, B.C. (1972). Test anxiety and study habits.Journal of Educational Research, 65, 352-354.
Zimbardo, P.G. (1979). Psychology in life (10th ed. ).Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Zweibelson, I. (1956). Test anxiety and intelligence test performance. Journal of Consulting Psychology,20, 479-481.
目錄
第一章 緒論………1
第一節 研究動機和目的………1
第二節 名詞解釋………6
第二章 文獻探討………7
第一節 男女所得差異的情形………7
第二節 影響男女所得差異的重要因素………12
第三節 研究假設………37
第三章 研究方法………39
第一節 研究對象………39
第二節 研究工具………40
第三節 實施過程………42
第四節 統計方法………43
第四章 研究結果與討論………45
第一節 我國大學畢業男女所得差異情形………45
第二節 所得、性別與各自變項間的關係………46
第三節 其他相關變項的分析………106
第四節 影響我國大學畢業男女所得的重要因素………111
第五章 結論與建議………119
第一節 結論………119
第二節 檢討與建議………121
參考書目………125
附錄一　全體樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………132
附錄二　男性樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………133
附錄三　女性樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………134
附錄四　我國大學畢業男女所得差異及其相關因素研究調查表………135


圖表目錄
圖目錄
圖1　1966年美國各年齡層男女（已、未婚）平均所得………14
圖2　各年齡層男、女及所有樣本的平均所得………52

表目錄
表1　1955－1978年美國婦女勞動參與率及男女所得比例………8
表2　不同研究者對男女所得差異的實證研究結果………9
表3　台灣各年度女性/男性工資之比率………11
表4　美國各年度不同年齡層男女所得比例………13
表5　女性薪資對男性薪資之比率按年齡分………15
表6　1981年我國與日本女性薪資對男性薪資之比率按年齡組分(%)………16
表7　1966年美國各年齡層不同婚姻狀況男女所得比例………19
表8　男女性就業者工作時數之比較………25
表9　1956－1965到1966－1975的改變：美國各年齡層男女在十年中的工作經驗………26
表10　本研究樣本人數分佈情形………40
表11　所得、性別與各自變項間的相關係數………47
表12　性別在各變項上的t考驗………48
表13　不同年齡組樣本在所得上之變異數分析摘要表………49
表14　表13資料的事後多重比較………50
表15　不同年齡組的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………51
表16　已婚和未婚者在所得上的t考驗………54
表17　不同性別之已、未婚樣本在所得上的t考驗………54
表18　不同婚姻狀况之男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………55
表19　不同子女數的樣本在所得上之變異數分析摘要表………57
表20　表19資料的事後多重比較………57
表21　不同子女數之男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………58
表22　學、碩士樣本在所得上的t考驗………60
表23　不同性別的學、碩士樣本在所得上的t考驗………60
表24　不同學歷的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………61
表25　不同學校之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………61
表26　表25資料的事後多重比較………61
表27　不同學校的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………63
表28　不同學校之男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………64
表29　表28資料的事後多重比較………64
表30　不同學校之女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………64
表31　表30資料的事後多重比較………65
表32　不同性質學校的樣本在所得上的t考驗………66
表33　不同性別的公、私立學校樣本在所得上的t考驗………66
表34　不同性質學校的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………67
表35　不同學院別樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………68
表36　表35資料的事後多重比較………68
表37　不同學院別的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………69
表38　表37資料的事後多重比較………69
表39　不同學院別的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………69
表40　表39資料的事後多重比較………70
表41　不同學院別的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………71
表42　不同職業別之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………72
表43　表42資料的事後多重比較………73
表44　不同職業別的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………74
表45　不同職業別的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………74
表46　表45資料的事後多重比較………75
表47　不同職業別的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………75
表48　表47資料的事後多重比較………75
表49　不同從業身分之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………76
表50　表49資料的事後多重比較………77
表51　不同從業身分的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………77
表52　表51資料的事後多重比較………78
表53　不同從業身分的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………79
表54　不同工作時數的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………81
表55　不同年資的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………83
表56　不同工作經驗的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………85
表57　不同職業中斷時間之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………86
表58　表59資料的事後多重比較………86
表59　不同職業中斷時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………87
表60　是否曾職業中斷在所得上的t考驗………88
表61　不同在職訓練時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………89
表62　表61資料的事後多重比較………89
表63　不同在職訓練時間的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………90
表64　表63資料的事後多重比較………91
表65　不同在職訓練時間的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………91
表66　表65資料的事後多重比較………91
表67　不同在職訓練時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………92
表68　不同病假時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………94
表69　不同病假時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………94
表70　不同事假時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………95
表71　不同家務時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………96
表72　表71資料的事後多重比較………97
表73　不同家務時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………98
表74　不同配偶家務時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………100
表75　表74資料的事後多重比較………100
表76　不同配偶家務時間的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………100
表77　表76資料的事後多重比較………101
表78　不同配偶家務時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………102
表79　不同同事性別的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………104
表80　表79資料的事後多重比較………104
表81　各組人數、百分比、及其在所得上的平均數、標準差………105
表82　兩性配偶教育程度分配………107
表83　不同職業計劃的樣本人數、所得平均數、標準差………110
表84　不同職業計劃的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………111
表85　以所有自變項預測全體樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………112
表86　以所有自變項預測男性樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………114
表87　以所有自變項預測女性樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………116
關聯 碩士
畢業學年度:75
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor 馬信行
dc.contributor 教育研究所
dc.creator (作者) 柯淑芬zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1987
dc.date.accessioned 8-Mar-2016 11:38:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Mar-2016 11:38:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Mar-2016 11:38:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/82085-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 參考書目
一、中文部份
1.王玉屏(民70)，國中低收入學生行為困擾、學習態度與學業成就之調查研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
2.何茂松(民72)，國中女生的動機水準、工作難度、合作與競爭對工作表現及焦慮狀態之影響，師大體育研究所碩士論文。
3.沈偉康(民76)，學習態度、人格特質、親子關係與測試焦慮的相關研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
4.李錦虹(民71)，情境因素、後果預期及父母態度對測試焦慮的影響，台大心理研究所碩士論文。
5.林清山(民67),「成就動機、測試焦慮特質與情緒指標、測試焦慮狀態的相關研究」，師大教育心理學報，11期，頁37-48。
6.林邦傑(民68),「因素分析及其應用」，載於陳定國、黃俊英主編，企業研究應用技術大全(第二冊)，台北:大世紀。
7.金樹人(民68)，「國中學生動機水準、工作難度、合作與競爭對工作表現及焦慮狀態之影響」，師大教育研究所集刊，21輯，頁1-126。
8.吳一希(民58)，高中男生學業成就與性格、學習習慣及態度間關係之研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
9.紀文祥(民54)，大學及高中學生學習習慣與態度之研究，政大教育研究所碩士論文。
10.紀文祥(民56),「包何二氏學習習慣與態度之研究」，測驗年刊,14輯，頁416-430。
11.郭生玉(民62)，「國中低成就學生心理特質之分析研究」，師大教育研究所集刊，15輯，頁1-84。
12.郭為藩(民60)，自我心理學，台南:開山。
13.陳秀慧(民73)，高中學生英文學習態度與方法之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
14.梁茂森(民71)，閱讀速率、測試焦慮與國語文學習成就之關係，高雄師範學院教育研究所碩士論文。
15.張煌熙(民64)，「圈中編班方式與學生學習動機之關係」，師大教育研究所集刊，17輯，頁1-102。
16.張新仁(民71)，國中學生學習行為──學習方法、學習習慣與學習態度之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
17.曾美蕙(民73)，國中英語科低成就學生英語科學習行為之研究，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
18.楊國樞等譯(民67)，行為統計學，台北:環球。
19.楊國樞與張春興合編(民63)，中國見童行為的發展，台北:環宇。
20.黃俊英(民75)，多變量分析，台北:中國經濟企業。
21.葉國安(民67)，我國師專生家庭社經地位、成就動機、抱負水準與學業成就之關係，師大教育研究所碩士論文。
22.鍾思嘉與龍長風(民73),「修訂情境與特質焦慮量表之研究」，測驗年刊，21輯，頁27-36。

二、英文部分
Allen, G.J. (1970). Effect of three conditions of administration on "trait" and "state" measures of anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 355-359.
Allen, G.J. (1971). Effectiveness of study counseling and desensitization in alleviating test anxiety in college students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,77, 282-289.
Allen , G.J. (1973). Treatment of test anxiety by group-administered and self-administered relaxation and study. Behavior Therapy, 4 , 349-360.
Allen, G.J.; Lerner, W.M., & Hinrichsen, J .J. (1972) .Study behaviors and their relationships to test anxiety and academic performance. Psychological Reports, 30, 4 07-410.
Alpert. R., & Haber, R. (1 960) . Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 207-215 .
Arboff, A. (1968) . Adjustment and mental health. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Arkin, R.M., & Schumann. D.W. (1984). Effect of corrective testing : An extent ion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 835-843.
Arkin, R.M., & Walts, E.A. (1983). Performance implications of corrective testing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 561-571.
Atkinson, J. W. (1957) . Motivational determinants of risk taking behavior. Psychological Review, 64,359-372.
Atkinson, J.W. (1964). An introduction to motivation.Princeton: Van Nostrand.
Atkinson, J.W.; Bastian, J.R.; Eral, R. W., & Litwin, G. H. (1960). The achievement motive, goodsetting, and probability preferences. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 27-36.
Atkinson, J.W., & Feather, N.T. (eds. ) (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Atkinson, J.W., & Litwin, G.H. (1960). Achievement motive and test anxiety conceived as motive to approach success and motive to avoid failure.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60,52-63.
Bajtelsmit, J.W. (1977). Test-wiseness and systematic desensitization programs for increasing adult test-taking skils. Journal of Educational Measurement, 14, 335- 341.
Bajtelsmit, J .W. (1978). The effects of test anxiety,intelligence, and test format on adult academic achievement. Dissertation Abstracts International ,39, 765-766.
Bander, R.S., & Betz, N.E. (1981). The relationship of sex and sex role to trait and situationally specific anxiety types. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 312-322. •
Bedell, J. R. (1977) . Effects of instructions on the measurement of state anxiety in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 , 941-942.
Benjamin, M.; McKeachie, W. J.; Lin, L. , & Holinger, D.P. (1981). Test anxiety: Deficits in information processing. Journal of Educational Psychology,73, 816-824.
Best, J.B., & Stanford, C. A. (1 983 ). Gender, Grade point average , and test anxiety . Psychological Reports, 52, 892-894.
Betz, N.E. (1978). Prevalence, distribution, and correlates of math anxiety in college students .Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25 , 441- 448 .
Boor, M. (1972). Relationship of test anxiety and academic performance when controlled for intelligence. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 28, 171-172.
Boor, M. (1980). Test anxiety and classroom examination performance: A reply to Daniels and Hewitt (1978). Journal of Clinical Psychology,36, 177 - 179.
Branch, C. H. Hardin. (1968) . Aspects of anxiety (2nd & enl. ed.). Philadelphia: J.S. Lippincott.
Brody, N. (1963) . N achievement, test anxiety, and subjective probability of success in risk taking behavior. Journal .of Abnormal and Social Psychology,66, 413-418.
Brown, M. (1974). Motivational correlates of academic performance. Psychological Reports, 34, 746.
Brown, S .D., & Nelson, T.L. (1983) . Beyond the uniformity myth: A comparison of academically successful and unsuccessful test-anxiety college students . Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30,367-374 .
Bruch, M.A. (1981). Relationship of test-taking strategies to test anxiety and performance:
Toward a task analysis of examination behavior.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 41-56 .
Bruch, M.A.; Juster, H.R., & Kaflowitz, N.G. (1983). Relationship of cognitive components of test anxiety to test performance: Implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 527-536.
Castaneda, A.; Palermo, D.S., & McCandless, B.R. (1956). Complex learning and performance as a function of anxiety in children and task difficulty. Child Development, 27, 327-332.
Cattel, R.B.; Barton, K., & Dielman, T.E. (1972). Prediction of school achievement from motivation,personality, and ability measures. Psychological Reports, 30, 35-43.
Christensen, H. (1979). Test anxiety and academic achievement in high school students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 49, 648.
Combs, A.W., & Snygg, D. (1 959) . Individual behavior.New York: Ally and Bacon.
Cornish, R.D., & Dilley, J.S. (1973). Comparison of three methods of reducing test anxiety:Systematic desensitization, implosive therapy ,and study counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 20, 499-503.
Couch, J.V.; Garber, T.B. , & Turner, W. E . (1983).Facilitating and debilitating test anxiety and academic achievement. Psychological Record, 33 ,237-244.
Crawford, J. (1978) . Interactions of learner characteristics with the difficulty level of the
instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology,70, 523-531.
Culler, R.E., & Holahan, C.J. (1980). Test anxiety and academic performance: The effects of study-related behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology,72, 16-20.
Daniels, B., & Hewitt, J. (1978). Anxiety and classroom examination performance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 340-345.
Deffenbacher, J.L. (1977). Relationship of worry and emotionality to performance on the miller analogies test. Journal of Educational Psychology,69, 191-195.
Deffenbacher, J .L. (1978). Worry, emotionality, and task-generated interference in test anxiety: An empirical test of attentional theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 248-254.
Deffenbacher, J.L., & Deitz, S.R. (1978). Effects of test anxiety on performance, worry, and emotionality in naturally occurring exams. Psychology in the School, 15, 446-450.
Deffenbacher, J.L.; Deitz, S.R., & Hazaleus, S.L.(1981). Effects of humor and test anxiety on performance, worry, and emotionality in naturally occurring exams. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5 , 225-228.
Deffenbacher, J .L., & Hazaleus, S.L. (1985). Cognitive, emotional and physiological components of test anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research,9, 169-180.
Dember, W.N.; Nairne, F., & Miller, F.J. (1962).Further validation of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 427-428.
Desiderate, 0., & Koskinen, P. (1969). Anxiety, study habits, and academic achievement. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 16, 162-165.
Dew, K.M.H., & Gaassi, J.P. (1983). Mathematics anxiety: Some basic issues. Journal of
Counseling Psychology, 30, 443-446.
Dillard, J.M.; Warrier-Benjamin, J., & Perrin, D.W.(1977) . Efficacy of test-wiseness on test anxiety and reading achievement among black youth. Psychological Reports, 41, 1135-1140.
Doctor, R.M., & Altman, F. (1969). Worry and emotionality as components of test anxiety: Replication and further data. Psychological Reports, 24,563-568.
Dollard, J., & Miller, N. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dunn, J.A. (1968a). Anxiety, stress and the performance of complex intellectual tasks: A new look at old question. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 669-673.
Dunn, J.A. (1968b). The approach-avoidance paradigm as a model for the analysis of school anxiety.Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, 388-394.
Eysenck, M.W. (1979). Anxiety, learning, and memory: A reconceptualization. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 363-385.
Feather, N.T. (1961). The relationship of persistence at a task to expectation of success and achievement related motives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 552-561.
Feather, N.T. (1963). The relationship of expectation of success to reported probability, task structure, and achievement related motivation.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66 ,231-238.
Feather, N. T. (1966). Effects of Prior success and failure on expectation of success and subsequent performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 287-298.
Feather, N. T. (1967) . Effects of amount of prior success and failure on expectations of success and subsequent task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 226-232.
Frary, R. B. , & Ling, J. L. (1 983) . A factor-analytic study of mathemat.ics anxiety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 985-994.
Fulkerson, F.E., & Martin, G. (1981). Effects of exam frequency on student performance, evaluations of the instructor, and test anxiety. Teaching of Psychology, 8, 90-93 .
Gaeddert, W.P., & Dolphin, W.D. (1981). Effects of facilitating and debilitating anxiety on performance and study effort in mastery-based and traditional courses. Psychological Reports, 48,827-833.
Galassi, J.P.; Frierson, H.T., & Sharer, R. (1981).Behavior of high, moderate , and low test anxious students during an actual test situation.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,49, 51-62.
Galassi, J.P.; Frierson, H.T., & Siegel, R.G. (1984).Cognitive, test anxiety, and test performance: An closer look. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 319-320.
Ginter, E.J.; Scalise, J.J.; McKnight, R.R., & Miller, F.G. (1982). Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale:Normative data for graduate students in education.Psychological Reports, 50, 1116-1118.
Gjesme, T. (1972). Sex differences in the relationship between test anxiety and school performance.Psychological Reports, 30, 907-9 14.
Gjesme, T. (1982). Amount of manifested test anxiety in the heterogeneous classroom.
Journal of Psychology, 110, 171-189.
Green, K.E. (1981). Test anxiety level and test format preference. Psychological Reports, 48,537-538.
Greenberg, J.; Paisley, C., & Pyszczynski, T. (1985).Effect of extrinsic incentives on use test anxiety as an anticipatory attributional defense:Playing it cool when the stakes are high.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,47, l 136-1145.
Grooms, R. R., & Endler, N. S. (1960). The effect of anxiety on academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 299-304.
Hama, H., & Mine, H. (1980). A review of test anxiety research. Japanese Psychological Review, 23,295-319.
Hagtvet, K.A. (1978). Components of test anxiety measured in and out of explicitly defined situational contexts. Psychological Reports, 43,979-984.
Helmreich, R.L., & Spence, J.T. (1978). Work and family orientation questionnaire: An objective instrument to assess components of achievement motivation and attitudes toward family and career. Journal of Supplement Abstracts Service,8,35.
Hilgard, E.R.; Atkinson, R.C., & Atkinson, R.L.(1975). Introduction to psychology (6th ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Hodges, W.F., & Spielberger, C.D. (1966). The effects of threat of shock on heart rate for subjects who differ in manifested anxiety and fear of shock. Psychophysiology, 2, 287-294.
Hollandsworth, J.G., Glazeski, K.K., Jones, G., & Van Norman, L.R. (1979). An analysis of the nature and effects of test anxiety: Cognitive, behavioral,and physiological components. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 165-180.
Holroyd, K.A., Westbrook, M.W., & Badhorn, E. (1978).Performance, cognitive, and physiological responding in test anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 442-451.
Horne, A.M., & Matson, J.L. (1977). A comparison of modeling, desensitization, flooding, study skills, and control groups for reducing.test anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 8, 1-8.
Joesting, J. (1975). Test-retest reliabilities of state-trait anxiety inventory in an academic
setting. Psychological Reports, 37, 270 .
Joesting, J., & Whitehead, G.I. (1977). Relationship of state and trait anxiety to grades in
educational psychology. Psychological Reports,40, 705-706.
Johnson, D.T., & Spielberger, C.D. (1968). The effects of relaxation training and the passage of time on measure of state-and trait-anxiety.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 20-23.
Keith, T. Z. (1982). Time spent on homework and high school grades: A large- samples path analysis Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 248-253.
Kestenbaum, J. M., & Weiner, B. (1970). Achievement performance related to achievement motivation and test anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 343-344.
King, F. J.; Heinrich, D.L. •, Stephenson, R. S., Spielberger, C.D. (1976). An investigation of the causal influence of trait and state anxiety on academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 330-334.
Kirkland, K., & Hollandsworth, J.G. (1980). Effective test taking: Skills-acquisition versus anxietyreduction techniques. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 431-439.
Klausmeier, H.J. (1985). Educational psychology (5th ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
Lau, S. (1977). Some correlates of test anxiety. Acta Psychological Taiwanica, 19, 75-77.
Lent, R.W., & Russell, R.K. (1978). Treatment of test anxiety by cue-controlled desensitization and study-skills training. Journal of Counseling Psychology 25, 217-224.
Liebert, R.M., & Morris, L.W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychological Reports, 20, 975-978.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1970). Aptitude, anxiety,study habits, and academic achievement. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 306-309.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1971). Sex similarity in ersonality correlates of test anxiety. Psychological Reports, 29, 515-520.
Lin, Y., & McKeachie, W.J. (1979). A factor analytic study of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 1, 23-27.
Mahone, C.H. (1960). Fear of failure and unrealistic vocational aspiration. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 253-261.
Mandler, G. , & Sarason, S. (1952). A study of anxiety and learning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 166- 173.
Marso, R.N. (1970). Test i tern arrangement, testing time, and performance. Journal of Educational Measurement, 7, 113-118.
Martin , R., & Meyers, J. (1974). Effects of anxiety on quantity of examination preparation. Psychology in the School, 11, 217-221.
Mayer, R.E. (1981). The promise of cognitive psychology.San Francisco: Freeman.
McClelland, D.C.; Atkinson, J.W.; Clark, R.A., & Lowell, E.L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
McKeachie, W. J. (1984) . Does anxiety disrupt information processing or does poor information processing lead to anxiety. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 187-203.
McKeachie, W. J. et al. (1968). Student achievement motives, achievement cues, and academic achievement.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,32, 26-29.
Milgram, R.M., & Milgram, N.A. (1977). The effect of test content and context on the anxiety-intelligence relationship. Journal of Genetic Psychology,130, 121-127.
Milholland, J. E. (1964). Note on the further validation of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety test. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,69, 236.
Minor, S.W., & Gold, S.R. (1985). Worry and emotionality components of test anxiety. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 82-85.
Mitchell, K.R.; Hall, R.F., &Piatkowska, O.E. (1975).A program for the treatment of failing college students. Behavior Therapy, 6, 324-336.
Mitchell, K.R., & Ng. K.T. (1972). Effects of group counseling and behavior therapy on the academic achievement of test-anxious students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 491-497.
Morris, L.W., Davis, M.A., & Hutchings, C.H. (1981) .. Cognitive and emotional components of anxiety:Literature review and a revised worry-emotionality scale. Journal of Educational Psychology,73, 541-555.
Morris, L.W., & Engle, W.B. (1981). Assessing various coping strategies and their effects on test performance and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology,37, 165-171.
Morris, L.W., Finkelstein, C. S.,& Fisher, W.R.(1976). Components of school anxiety: Developmental trends and sex differences . Journal of Genetic Psychology, 128, 49-57.
Morris, L. W., Fulmer, R. S. (1976) . Test anxiety(worry and emotionality) change during academic testing as a function of feedback and test importance. Journal of Educational Psychology,68, 817-824.
Morris, L. W., & Liebert, R. M. (1970) . Relationship of cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety to physiological arousal and academic performance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 332-337.
Moulton, R.W. (1965). Effects of success and failure on level of aspiration as related to achievement motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1, 399-406.
Mueller, J.H., & Courtois, M.R. (1980). Test anxiety and breadth of encoding experiences in free recall. Journal of Research in Personality, 14,458-466.
Mueller, J.H., & Wherry, K.L. (1982). Test anxiety and reaction time for match- decisions. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 281-289.
Munz, D.C.; Costello, C.T., & Korabik, K. (1975). A further test of the inverted-U hypothesis relating achievement anxiety and academic test performance. Journal of Psychology, 89, 39-47.
Munz, D.C., & Smouse, A.D. (1968). Interaction effects of item-difficulty sequence and achievement anxiety reaction on academic performance.Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, 370-374.
O`Connor, P., & Atkinson, J.W. (1962). An achievement risk preference scale: A preliminary report.American Psychologist, 17, 317 .
Olson, D.R., & Schlottmann, R.S. (1980). Role of model`s affect in test anxiety. Psychological Reports, 47, 956-958.
O`Neil, H.F.; Spielberger, C.D., & Hansen, D.N. (1969) Effects of state anxiety and task difficulty on computer-assisted learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, 343-350.
Osipow, S. H., & Kreinbring, I. (1971). Temporal stability of an inventory to measure test
anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 18,152-154.
Osterhouse, R.A. (1972). Desensitization and study-skills training as treatment for two types of test-anxious students.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 301-307.
Pailas, J.W. (1976). A study of the relationship between test anxiety and test-wiseness, and
between sex and test-wiseness under relaxed and standard test instruction conditions. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 7959-7960.
Palermo, D.S.; Castaneda, A., & McCandless, B.R. (1956) . The relationship of anxiety in children to performance in a complex learning task. Child Development, 27, 333-337.
Paul, G.L., & Eriksen, C.W. (1964). Effects of test anxiety on "real life" examination. Journal of Personality, 32, 480-494.
Paulman, R.G., & Kennelly, K.J. (1984). Test anxiety and ineffective test taking: Different names,same construct. Journal of Educational Psychology,76 , 279-288.
Plake, B.S.; Ansorge, C.J.; Parker, C.S., & Lowry,S.R. (1982). Effects of item arrangement,knowledge of arrangement, test anxiety and sex on test performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 19, 49-57.
Prociuk, T.J., & Breen, L.J. (1973). Internal-external control, test anxiety and academic achievement:Additional data. Psychological Reports, 33, 563-566.
Ray, W.J.; Katahn, M., & Snyder, C.R. (1971). Effects of test anxiety on acquisition, retention, and generalization of a complex verbal task in a classroom situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 147-154.
Resnick, H.; Viehe, J., & Segal, S. (1982). Is math anxiety a local phenomenon? A study of prevalence and dimensionality. Journal of Counseling Psychology,29, 39-47.
Richardson, F.C.; O`Neil, H.F., & Whitmore, S. (1977).Factor analysis of the test anxiety scale and evidence concerning the components of test anciety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 704-705.
Richardson, F.C., & Suinn, R.M. (1972). The mathematics anxiety rating scale: Psychometric data.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19, 551-554.
Rounds , J. B., & Hendel, D. D. (1980) . Measurement and dimensionality of mathematics anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 138-149.
Russell, D.G., & Sarason, I.G. (1965). Test anxiety,Sex, and experimental conditions in relation to anagram solution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 493-496.
Sarason, I. G. (1958) . Interrelationships among individual difference variables, behavior in psychotherapy,and verbal conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56, 339-344.
Sarason, I.G. (1959). Intellectual and personality correlates of test anxiety. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 272-275.
Sarason, I.G. (1960). Empirical findings and theoretical problems in the use of anxiety
scales. Psychological Bulletin, 57, 403-415.
Sarason, I.G. (1961). Test anxiety and the intellectual performance of college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 52, 201-206.
Sarason, I.G. (1963). Test anxiety and intellectual performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psy chology,66, 73-75.
Sarason, I.G. (1973). Test anxiety and cognitive modeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 58-61.
Sarason, I.G. (1984). Stress, anxiety, and cognitive interference: Reactions to tests. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46 , 929-938.
Sarason, S.B.; Davidson, K.S.; Lighthall, F. F., Waite, R. R. (1958) . A test anxiety scale for children. Child Development, 29, 105-113.
Sarason, S.B.; Davidson, K.S.; Lighthall, F.F.; Waite R.R., & Ruebush, B.K. (1960). Anxiety in elementary school children. New York: John wiley & Sons.
Sarason, I.G., & Ganzer, V.J. (1962). Anxiety, reinforcement,and experimental instructions in a free verbalization situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 300-307.
Sarason, S. B., & Mandler, G. (1952) . Some correlates of test anxiety . Journal of Abnorma l and Social Psychology, 47 , 810-817 .
Sarason, I. G.; Pederson, A.M., & Nyman, B. (1968 ).Test anxiety and the observation of models.Journal of Personality , 36 , 493- 511.
Sarason, I.G., & Stoops , R. (1978). Test anxiety and the passage of time. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 , 102- 109.
Shaha, S.H. (1984 ). Matching-tests : Reduced anxiety and increased test effectiveness . Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 869-881.
Sharma, S., & Rao, S . (1983 ). The effects of self-esteem, test anxiety and intellignece on
academic achievement of high school girls . Personality Study and Group Behaviour, 3 , 48-55 .
Schwarzer, R. (1984 ). Worry and emotionality as separate components i n test anxiety. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 205-220.
Sieber, J.E.; Kameya, L.I., & Paulson, F.L. (1970) . Effect of memory-support on the problem-solving ability of test-anxious children . Journal of Educational Psychology , 61, 159-168 .
Simons , R.H., & Bibb, J . J . (1 974 ). Achievement motivation, test anxiety , and under achievement in the elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 67 , 366-369 .
Smith, C. P.(1962).Relationships between test anxiety, measured under different conditions, and intellignece,grades,and persistence.AmericanPsychologist,17,317.
Smith,C. P.(1964).Relationships between achievement related motives and intellignece, performance level,andpersistence.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68, 523-532.
Smith, C.A., & Morris, L.W. (1976). Effects of stimulative and sedative music on cognitive and emotional components of anxiety. Psychological Reports, 38, 1187-1193.
Smith, T.W.; Snyder, C.R., & Handelsman, M.M. (1982).On the self -serving function of an academic wooden leg: Test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,42, 314-321.
Snyder, C.R., & Katahn, M. (1973). Comparison levels,test anxiety, ongoing affect, and complex verbal learning. American Journal of Psychology, 86,555-565.
Spence, K.W.; Farber, I.E.; & McFann, H.H. (1956).The relation of anxiety (drive) level to performance in competitional and noncompetitional paired associates learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52, 296-305.
Spiegler, M.D.; Morris, L.W., & Liebert, R.M. (1968).Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: Temporal factors. Psychological Reports 22, 451-456.
Spielberger, C.D. (1966). Anxiety and behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research (vol. 1). New York: Academic Press.
Spieldberger, C.D. (1973). State-trait anxiety inventory for children: Preliminary manual. Palo Alto, Ca.: Consulting Psychologists Press .
Spielberger, C.D. (1980). The test anxiety inventory .Palo Alto, Ca.: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Spielberger, C.D.; Gorsuch, R.L., & Lushene, R.E. (1970) . Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, Ca. : Consulting Psychollogists Press.
Spielberger, C.D., & Katzenmeyer, W.G. (1959). Manifest anxiety, intelligence, and college grades.Journal of Consulting Psychology, 23 , 278.
Pielberger, C.D., & Smith, L.H. (1966). Anxiety (drive) , stress and serial- position effects in serial-versal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72 , 589-595.
Stanford, D.; Dember, W.N., & Stanford, L.B . (1963). A children`s form of the Alpert-Haber achievement anxiety scale. Child Development, 34 , 1027-1032.
Sweeney, C.T .; Smouse, A.D. ; Rupiper, O ., & Munz , D.C. (1970). A test of the inverted-U hypothesis relating achievement anxiety and academic test performance. Journal of Psychology, 74, 267-273.
Suinn , R.M. (1969). The STABS , a measure of test anxiety for behavior therapy: Normative data.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 7, 335- 339.
Taylor, J .A. (1953). A personality scale of manifest anxiety . Journal of Abnormal and Psychology, 48,285-290.
Taylor, J.A. (1956 ). Drive theory and manifest anxiety. psychological Bulletin,53, 303-320.
Taylor, J.A., & Spence, K.W. (1952). The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology,44, 61-64.
Thompson, M.A. (1977). Trait , state, and academic/test anxiety: Their relationship to reading performance. Dissertation Abstracts International,37`,7653.
Tobias, S. (1979). Anxiety research in educational psychology. Journal of Educational Psychology,71, 573-582.
Trent, J.T., & Maxwell, W.A. (1980). State and trait components of test anxiety and their implications for treatment. Psychological Reports, 47, 475-480 .
Tryon , G.S. (1980) . The measurement and treatment of test anxiety. Review of Educational Research,50, 343-372.
Vander Ploeg, H.M. (1984). The development and validation of the Dutch form of the test anxiety inventory. International Review of Applied Psychology,33, 243-255.
Van der Ploeg, H.M., & Hulshof , R.E. (1984). Cross-cultural study of the relationship
among academic performance , test anxiety, intelligence,and sex. Psychological Reports, 55, 343-346.
Waite, R.R.; Sarason, S.B.; Lighthall, F.F., & Davidson, K. S. (1958 ). A study of anxiety and learning in children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57 , 267 -270 .
Walsh, R.P.; Engbretson, R.O., & O`Brien, B.A. (1968). Anxiety and test-taking behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15, 572-575.
Walter, D.; Denzler, L.S., & Sarason, I.G. (1964). Anxiety and the intellectual performance of high school students. Child Development, 35, 917-926.
Watson. J.B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14 .
Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 92-104.
Wittmaier, B.C. (1972). Test anxiety and study habits.Journal of Educational Research, 65, 352-354.
Zimbardo, P.G. (1979). Psychology in life (10th ed. ).Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.
Zweibelson, I. (1956). Test anxiety and intelligence test performance. Journal of Consulting Psychology,20, 479-481.
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 目錄
第一章 緒論………1
第一節 研究動機和目的………1
第二節 名詞解釋………6
第二章 文獻探討………7
第一節 男女所得差異的情形………7
第二節 影響男女所得差異的重要因素………12
第三節 研究假設………37
第三章 研究方法………39
第一節 研究對象………39
第二節 研究工具………40
第三節 實施過程………42
第四節 統計方法………43
第四章 研究結果與討論………45
第一節 我國大學畢業男女所得差異情形………45
第二節 所得、性別與各自變項間的關係………46
第三節 其他相關變項的分析………106
第四節 影響我國大學畢業男女所得的重要因素………111
第五章 結論與建議………119
第一節 結論………119
第二節 檢討與建議………121
參考書目………125
附錄一　全體樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………132
附錄二　男性樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………133
附錄三　女性樣本在各變項上的平均數、標準差、及相關矩陣………134
附錄四　我國大學畢業男女所得差異及其相關因素研究調查表………135


圖表目錄
圖目錄
圖1　1966年美國各年齡層男女（已、未婚）平均所得………14
圖2　各年齡層男、女及所有樣本的平均所得………52

表目錄
表1　1955－1978年美國婦女勞動參與率及男女所得比例………8
表2　不同研究者對男女所得差異的實證研究結果………9
表3　台灣各年度女性/男性工資之比率………11
表4　美國各年度不同年齡層男女所得比例………13
表5　女性薪資對男性薪資之比率按年齡分………15
表6　1981年我國與日本女性薪資對男性薪資之比率按年齡組分(%)………16
表7　1966年美國各年齡層不同婚姻狀況男女所得比例………19
表8　男女性就業者工作時數之比較………25
表9　1956－1965到1966－1975的改變：美國各年齡層男女在十年中的工作經驗………26
表10　本研究樣本人數分佈情形………40
表11　所得、性別與各自變項間的相關係數………47
表12　性別在各變項上的t考驗………48
表13　不同年齡組樣本在所得上之變異數分析摘要表………49
表14　表13資料的事後多重比較………50
表15　不同年齡組的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………51
表16　已婚和未婚者在所得上的t考驗………54
表17　不同性別之已、未婚樣本在所得上的t考驗………54
表18　不同婚姻狀况之男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………55
表19　不同子女數的樣本在所得上之變異數分析摘要表………57
表20　表19資料的事後多重比較………57
表21　不同子女數之男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………58
表22　學、碩士樣本在所得上的t考驗………60
表23　不同性別的學、碩士樣本在所得上的t考驗………60
表24　不同學歷的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………61
表25　不同學校之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………61
表26　表25資料的事後多重比較………61
表27　不同學校的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………63
表28　不同學校之男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………64
表29　表28資料的事後多重比較………64
表30　不同學校之女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………64
表31　表30資料的事後多重比較………65
表32　不同性質學校的樣本在所得上的t考驗………66
表33　不同性別的公、私立學校樣本在所得上的t考驗………66
表34　不同性質學校的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………67
表35　不同學院別樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………68
表36　表35資料的事後多重比較………68
表37　不同學院別的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………69
表38　表37資料的事後多重比較………69
表39　不同學院別的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………69
表40　表39資料的事後多重比較………70
表41　不同學院別的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………71
表42　不同職業別之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………72
表43　表42資料的事後多重比較………73
表44　不同職業別的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………74
表45　不同職業別的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………74
表46　表45資料的事後多重比較………75
表47　不同職業別的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………75
表48　表47資料的事後多重比較………75
表49　不同從業身分之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………76
表50　表49資料的事後多重比較………77
表51　不同從業身分的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………77
表52　表51資料的事後多重比較………78
表53　不同從業身分的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………79
表54　不同工作時數的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………81
表55　不同年資的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………83
表56　不同工作經驗的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………85
表57　不同職業中斷時間之樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………86
表58　表59資料的事後多重比較………86
表59　不同職業中斷時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………87
表60　是否曾職業中斷在所得上的t考驗………88
表61　不同在職訓練時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………89
表62　表61資料的事後多重比較………89
表63　不同在職訓練時間的男性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………90
表64　表63資料的事後多重比較………91
表65　不同在職訓練時間的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………91
表66　表65資料的事後多重比較………91
表67　不同在職訓練時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………92
表68　不同病假時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………94
表69　不同病假時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………94
表70　不同事假時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………95
表71　不同家務時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………96
表72　表71資料的事後多重比較………97
表73　不同家務時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………98
表74　不同配偶家務時間的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………100
表75　表74資料的事後多重比較………100
表76　不同配偶家務時間的女性樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………100
表77　表76資料的事後多重比較………101
表78　不同配偶家務時間的男、女樣本在所得上的t考驗………102
表79　不同同事性別的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………104
表80　表79資料的事後多重比較………104
表81　各組人數、百分比、及其在所得上的平均數、標準差………105
表82　兩性配偶教育程度分配………107
表83　不同職業計劃的樣本人數、所得平均數、標準差………110
表84　不同職業計劃的樣本在所得上的變異數分析摘要表………111
表85　以所有自變項預測全體樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………112
表86　以所有自變項預測男性樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………114
表87　以所有自變項預測女性樣本所得的多元逐步廻歸分析………116
dc.format.extent 662 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype text/html-
dc.relation (關聯) 碩士
dc.relation (關聯) 畢業學年度:75
dc.title (題名) 我國大學畢業男女所得差異及其相關因素之探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesis