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題名 自閉症病患情緒語音的理解與表達
Comprehension and Production of Emotional Vocal Expressions in Autistics
作者 李俊徹
Li, Jun-Che
貢獻者 洪振耀
Gabriel Hong
李俊徹
Li, Jun-Che
關鍵詞 自閉症
情緒
autism
emotion
日期 2001
上傳時間 15-四月-2016 15:58:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主旨在探討自閉症病患對於情緒節律(emotional prosody)在聽覺上的區辨(discrimination)、理解(comprehension)及在口語上的表達(production)能力。結果顯示，聽覺區辨並非自閉症患者在處理情緒語音上的問題所在。其在情緒語音的聽覺理解及口語表達上則呈現顯著障礙。經由聲學分析，自閉症患者情緒語音表達的平均基礎頻率(mean fundamental frequency)、基礎頻率範圍(fundamental frequency range)及時長(duration)除了在覆述生氣的情緒語音外，並未隨情緒情境的轉換而呈現顯著的起伏變化。一般聽眾亦難由自閉症患者的情緒語音表達中，判斷其情緒狀態。Baron-Cohen (1995)所提出的自閉症成因－"心智閱讀障" (mindblindness)和情緒理解及表達間的關連性在文中將進行檢視。此外，本文亦自語言發展(language development)及語言歷程(language processing)的觀點探討自閉症患者在超音段(suprasegmental)上理解與表達異常的徵結所在。
This study investigated the autistic children`s ability to discriminate, comprehend, and produce emotional (features of anger, happy, and sad) speech prosody based on tasks involving behavioral (linguistic/emotional) as well as structural (acoustic) features. The preliminary results indicate that the discrimination of acoustic features might not be the main problem of autistic deficiency in processing emotional prosody. Subjects` utterances were subjected to acoustic analysis to examine the variations of mean Fo, Fo range and duration under specific emotional condition. The results revealed that the autistic subjects tended to produce various emotional prosody with less Fo variations. The autistic subjects were also less reliable than normal subjects at transmitting emotional contrasts when judged from the listener`s perspective. To understand the nature of this clinical deficiency, autistic patients` impairment in integrating relevant pragmatic information and their " mindblindness (deficiency in mindreading, Baron-Cohen, 1995)" have to be taken into consideration as well. These clinical cases pose fundamental questions in language development and models of language processing (comprehension and production).
參考文獻 中文
     洪振耀。1997。精神病患的語言問題。12月21日、聽語協會學術研討會未出版講稿。
     洪振耀。1991。情緒與語言行為。清華大學語言所未出版講稿。
     曾進興 主編。1995。語言病理學基礎。台北：心理出版社。
     宋維村。1997。自閉症的診斷與亞型、自閉症病因的研究、自閉症的治療。李玉霞主編：家長資源受手冊。台北: 中華民國自閉症協會。
     林寶貴。1995。語言障礙與治療。台北：五南出版社。
     林清山。1993。心理與教育統計學。台北；台灣東華書局。
     吳宗濟。1989。實驗語音學概要。北京：高等教育出版社。
     林松 等譯注。1996。四書《朱熹 編》。台北：台灣古籍出版社股份有限公司。
     馮其庸 等校注。1995。紅樓夢校注《原著者: 曹雪芹、高鶚》。台北：里仁書局。
     English
     Aarons, Maureen, and Gitten, T. 1992. Speech and language: communication development in autistic children. Handbook of autism: a guide for parents and professionals. Routledge: London.
     Anderson, A. Peter, and Laura K. Guerrero (eds.) 1998. Handbook of communication and emotion. California: Academic Press.
     Baron-Cohen, Simon. 1991. Do people with autism understand what causes emotion. Child Development 62. 385-95.
     Baron-Cohen, Simon. 1995. Mindblindness : an essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
     Baron-Cohen, S; Leslie, A. M.; and Frith, U. 1985. Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"? Cognition 21.37-46.
     Baron-Cohen, S; Leslie, A. M.; and Frith,U. 1986. Mechanical, behavioral and intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 4.113-25.
     Berkell, Dianne. E. (ed.). 1992. Autism : identification, education, and treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     Cohen, Donald, J. 1987. Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
     Darwin, Charles. 1955. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Greenwood: New York.
     Dejong, Estienne F. 1991. Voice and Emotion. Revue de Laryngologie-Otologie-Rhinologie, 112.361-3.
     Fox, Anthony. 2000. Prosodic Features and Prosodic Structure: The Phonology of Suprasegmentals.Oxford Linguistics.
     Frances, Allen et al. (eds.) 1994. Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV. p57-58. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
     Frijda, N. H. 1993. Moods, emotin episodes, and emotions. Handbook of emotions, eds. by M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland, 381-404. NY: Guilford.
     Frick, R. W. 1985. Communicating emotion: The role of prosodic features. Psychological Bulletin, 93.412-29.
     Frith, U. 1969. Emphasis and meaning in recall in normal and autistic children. Language and Speech, 12.29-38.
     Frith, U. 1989. Autism: Explaining the enigma. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
     Garman, C. f. 1990. Grammatical analysis of language disability. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group.
     Gerken, LouAnn. 1994. Child phonology. Handbook of psycholinguistics, ed. By Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 800-20.
     Harris, Paul L. 1989. Children and emotion. NY: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
     Hobson, R. P. 1986. The autistic child`s appraisal of expressions of emotion. Journal of Child psychology and Psychiatry, 27.321-42.
     Hobson, R. P. 1988. Beyond cognition: A theory of autism. New perspectives on diagnosis, nature and treatment, ed. by G. Dawson. NY: Guilford.
     Hong, Gabriel. 1993. Emotion and Language. Lecture presented in Missouri State University.
     Hong, Gabriel, Paul W. Schnole. 1987. Emotionality and Word Retrieva: An investigation of the organization of the "Mental Lexicon". In Bramkamp, Agatha C., Yi-chin Fu, Arnold Sprenger, Peter Venne (Eds.). Chinese-Western-Encounter: Studies in Linguistics and Literature. Festschrift for Franz Giet, SVD on the occasion of his 85th Birthday. Fu-Jen University:Taiwan. p355-68.
     Kanner, L. 1943. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2.217.
     Lewis, Michael. 1993. The emergence of human emotions. Handbook of emotions, ed. by Michael Lewis & Jeannette M. Haviland, 223-35. NY: The Guilford Press.
     Lewis, V, and Boucher, J. 1988. Spontaneous, instructed and elicited play in relatively able autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6.325-39.
     Lieberman, M. V. 1978. The intonational system of English, Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
     Oakhill, Jane. 1994. Individual differences in children`s text comprehension. Handbook of psycholinguistics, ed. by Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 821-46.
     Olley, J. Gregory. 1992. Autism: historical overview, definition, and characteristics. Autism : identification, education, and treatment, ed. by Dianne E. Berkell, 3-13. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     Planalp, Sally. 1999. Communicating emotion. NY: Cambridge University Press.
     Remez, Robert E. 1994. A guide to research on the perception of speech. Handbook of neurolinguistics, ed. by Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 81-809.
     Russell, James. 1948. Autism as an executive disorder. New York : Oxford University Press.
     Rutter, M. and Schopler, E. 1987. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders: concepts and diagnostic issues. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 17.159-86.
     Tager-Flusberg. 1981. On the nature of linguistic functioning in early infantile autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 11.45-57.
     Tager-Flusberg, Helen, et al. 1990. A longitudinal study of language acquisition in autistic and down syndrome children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20.1-21.
     Tan, J., and Harris, P. 1991. Autistic children understand seeing and wanting. Development and Psychopathology 3.163-74.
     Wing, L. 1971. Perceptual and language development in autistic children: A comparative study. Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment, ed. by M. Rutter. London: Churchill.
     Wing, L. 1981. Language, social, and cognitive impairments in autism and sever mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11. 31-44.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
87555011
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 洪振耀zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Gabriel Hongen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 李俊徹zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Li, Jun-Cheen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李俊徹zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Li, Jun-Cheen_US
dc.date (日期) 2001en_US
dc.date.accessioned 15-四月-2016 15:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 15-四月-2016 15:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 15-四月-2016 15:58:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) A2002001007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/84820-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 87555011zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主旨在探討自閉症病患對於情緒節律(emotional prosody)在聽覺上的區辨(discrimination)、理解(comprehension)及在口語上的表達(production)能力。結果顯示，聽覺區辨並非自閉症患者在處理情緒語音上的問題所在。其在情緒語音的聽覺理解及口語表達上則呈現顯著障礙。經由聲學分析，自閉症患者情緒語音表達的平均基礎頻率(mean fundamental frequency)、基礎頻率範圍(fundamental frequency range)及時長(duration)除了在覆述生氣的情緒語音外，並未隨情緒情境的轉換而呈現顯著的起伏變化。一般聽眾亦難由自閉症患者的情緒語音表達中，判斷其情緒狀態。Baron-Cohen (1995)所提出的自閉症成因－"心智閱讀障" (mindblindness)和情緒理解及表達間的關連性在文中將進行檢視。此外，本文亦自語言發展(language development)及語言歷程(language processing)的觀點探討自閉症患者在超音段(suprasegmental)上理解與表達異常的徵結所在。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study investigated the autistic children`s ability to discriminate, comprehend, and produce emotional (features of anger, happy, and sad) speech prosody based on tasks involving behavioral (linguistic/emotional) as well as structural (acoustic) features. The preliminary results indicate that the discrimination of acoustic features might not be the main problem of autistic deficiency in processing emotional prosody. Subjects` utterances were subjected to acoustic analysis to examine the variations of mean Fo, Fo range and duration under specific emotional condition. The results revealed that the autistic subjects tended to produce various emotional prosody with less Fo variations. The autistic subjects were also less reliable than normal subjects at transmitting emotional contrasts when judged from the listener`s perspective. To understand the nature of this clinical deficiency, autistic patients` impairment in integrating relevant pragmatic information and their " mindblindness (deficiency in mindreading, Baron-Cohen, 1995)" have to be taken into consideration as well. These clinical cases pose fundamental questions in language development and models of language processing (comprehension and production).en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 封面頁
     證明書
     Acknowledgements(致謝詞)
     Table of Contents(目錄)
     Tables(表目錄)
     Figures(圖目錄)
     Chinese Abstract
     English Abstract
     Chapter1. Introduction
     1.1 Background
     1.1.1 Autism
     1.1.2 Communication and Language Impairment in Autism
     1.1.3 Communication and Emotion
     1.2 Questions of the Study
     Chapter2. Literature Review
     2.1 Autism
     2.1.1 Theory of Mind
     2.1.1.1 Mindreading
     2.1.1.1.1 The Intentionality Detector (ID)
     2.1.1.1.2 The Eye-Direction Detector (EDD)
     2.1.1.1.3 The Share-Attention Mechanism (SAM)
     2.1.1.1.4 The Theory-of-Mind Mechanism (ToMM)
     2.1.1.2 Autism and Mindblindness
     2.1.1.2.1 Autism and ID
     2.1.1.2.2 Autism and EDD
     2.1.1.2.3 Autism and SAM
     2.1.1.2.4 Autism and ToMM
     2.1.1.3 Mind Theory and Emotion
     2.1.2 Phonological Studies in Autism
     2.2 Emotion
     2.2.1 Emotional Experience
     2.2.2 Emotional Expression
     2.2.3 Oriental Aspects of Emotion
     2.2.4 Emotional Deficit in Autism
     2.3 Vocal Expression of Emotion
     2.3.1 Voice and Emotion
     2.3.2 Acoustic Bases of Emotional Communication
     2.3.2.1 Acoustic Components
     2.3.2.1.1 Pitch
     2.3.2.1.2 Time
     2.3.2.1.3 Loudness
     2.3.2.2 Encoding of Emotional Vocal Expression
     2.3.2.3 Decoding of Emotional Vocal Expression
     Chapter3. Experiments
     3.1 Experiment 1：Discrimination
     3.1.1 Subjects
     3.1.2 Stimuli
     3.1.3 Procedure
     3.1.4 Results
     3.2 Experiment 2：Comprehension
     3.2.1 Subjects
     3.2.2 Stimuli
     3.2.3 Procedure
     3.2.4 Results
     3.3 Experiment 3：Production
     3.3.1 Subjects
     3.3.2 Stimuli
     3.3.3 Procedure
     3.3.4 Results
     Chapter4. General Discussion and Conclusion
     4.1 Autism and Emotion
     4.2 Psycholinguistic Aspects
     4.2.1 Perception of Suprasegmental Properties
     4.2.2 Production of Suprasegmental Properties
     4.3 Emotion and Mindblindness
     4.3.1 Comprehension of Emotional Prosody
     4.3.1.1 Perceptual Hypotheses
     4.3.1.2 Auditory Explanations
     4.3.2 Production of Emotional Prosody
     4.4 Conclusion
     References
     Appendices		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自閉症zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) autismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) emotionen_US
dc.title (題名) 自閉症病患情緒語音的理解與表達zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Comprehension and Production of Emotional Vocal Expressions in Autisticsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文
     洪振耀。1997。精神病患的語言問題。12月21日、聽語協會學術研討會未出版講稿。
     洪振耀。1991。情緒與語言行為。清華大學語言所未出版講稿。
     曾進興 主編。1995。語言病理學基礎。台北：心理出版社。
     宋維村。1997。自閉症的診斷與亞型、自閉症病因的研究、自閉症的治療。李玉霞主編：家長資源受手冊。台北: 中華民國自閉症協會。
     林寶貴。1995。語言障礙與治療。台北：五南出版社。
     林清山。1993。心理與教育統計學。台北；台灣東華書局。
     吳宗濟。1989。實驗語音學概要。北京：高等教育出版社。
     林松 等譯注。1996。四書《朱熹 編》。台北：台灣古籍出版社股份有限公司。
     馮其庸 等校注。1995。紅樓夢校注《原著者: 曹雪芹、高鶚》。台北：里仁書局。
     English
     Aarons, Maureen, and Gitten, T. 1992. Speech and language: communication development in autistic children. Handbook of autism: a guide for parents and professionals. Routledge: London.
     Anderson, A. Peter, and Laura K. Guerrero (eds.) 1998. Handbook of communication and emotion. California: Academic Press.
     Baron-Cohen, Simon. 1991. Do people with autism understand what causes emotion. Child Development 62. 385-95.
     Baron-Cohen, Simon. 1995. Mindblindness : an essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
     Baron-Cohen, S; Leslie, A. M.; and Frith, U. 1985. Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"? Cognition 21.37-46.
     Baron-Cohen, S; Leslie, A. M.; and Frith,U. 1986. Mechanical, behavioral and intentional understanding of picture stories in autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 4.113-25.
     Berkell, Dianne. E. (ed.). 1992. Autism : identification, education, and treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     Cohen, Donald, J. 1987. Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
     Darwin, Charles. 1955. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Greenwood: New York.
     Dejong, Estienne F. 1991. Voice and Emotion. Revue de Laryngologie-Otologie-Rhinologie, 112.361-3.
     Fox, Anthony. 2000. Prosodic Features and Prosodic Structure: The Phonology of Suprasegmentals.Oxford Linguistics.
     Frances, Allen et al. (eds.) 1994. Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV. p57-58. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
     Frijda, N. H. 1993. Moods, emotin episodes, and emotions. Handbook of emotions, eds. by M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland, 381-404. NY: Guilford.
     Frick, R. W. 1985. Communicating emotion: The role of prosodic features. Psychological Bulletin, 93.412-29.
     Frith, U. 1969. Emphasis and meaning in recall in normal and autistic children. Language and Speech, 12.29-38.
     Frith, U. 1989. Autism: Explaining the enigma. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
     Garman, C. f. 1990. Grammatical analysis of language disability. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group.
     Gerken, LouAnn. 1994. Child phonology. Handbook of psycholinguistics, ed. By Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 800-20.
     Harris, Paul L. 1989. Children and emotion. NY: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
     Hobson, R. P. 1986. The autistic child`s appraisal of expressions of emotion. Journal of Child psychology and Psychiatry, 27.321-42.
     Hobson, R. P. 1988. Beyond cognition: A theory of autism. New perspectives on diagnosis, nature and treatment, ed. by G. Dawson. NY: Guilford.
     Hong, Gabriel. 1993. Emotion and Language. Lecture presented in Missouri State University.
     Hong, Gabriel, Paul W. Schnole. 1987. Emotionality and Word Retrieva: An investigation of the organization of the "Mental Lexicon". In Bramkamp, Agatha C., Yi-chin Fu, Arnold Sprenger, Peter Venne (Eds.). Chinese-Western-Encounter: Studies in Linguistics and Literature. Festschrift for Franz Giet, SVD on the occasion of his 85th Birthday. Fu-Jen University:Taiwan. p355-68.
     Kanner, L. 1943. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2.217.
     Lewis, Michael. 1993. The emergence of human emotions. Handbook of emotions, ed. by Michael Lewis & Jeannette M. Haviland, 223-35. NY: The Guilford Press.
     Lewis, V, and Boucher, J. 1988. Spontaneous, instructed and elicited play in relatively able autistic children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6.325-39.
     Lieberman, M. V. 1978. The intonational system of English, Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
     Oakhill, Jane. 1994. Individual differences in children`s text comprehension. Handbook of psycholinguistics, ed. by Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 821-46.
     Olley, J. Gregory. 1992. Autism: historical overview, definition, and characteristics. Autism : identification, education, and treatment, ed. by Dianne E. Berkell, 3-13. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     Planalp, Sally. 1999. Communicating emotion. NY: Cambridge University Press.
     Remez, Robert E. 1994. A guide to research on the perception of speech. Handbook of neurolinguistics, ed. by Morton Ann Gernsbacher, 81-809.
     Russell, James. 1948. Autism as an executive disorder. New York : Oxford University Press.
     Rutter, M. and Schopler, E. 1987. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders: concepts and diagnostic issues. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 17.159-86.
     Tager-Flusberg. 1981. On the nature of linguistic functioning in early infantile autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 11.45-57.
     Tager-Flusberg, Helen, et al. 1990. A longitudinal study of language acquisition in autistic and down syndrome children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20.1-21.
     Tan, J., and Harris, P. 1991. Autistic children understand seeing and wanting. Development and Psychopathology 3.163-74.
     Wing, L. 1971. Perceptual and language development in autistic children: A comparative study. Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment, ed. by M. Rutter. London: Churchill.
     Wing, L. 1981. Language, social, and cognitive impairments in autism and sever mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11. 31-44.		zh_TW