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題名 十八世紀俄國女皇的統治特徵
作者 劉佳宜
Liu, Winny
貢獻者 王兆徽
劉佳宜
Liu, Winny
關鍵詞 繼承問題
凱薩琳二世
女皇
succession problem
Catherine Ⅱ
empress
日期 1998
上傳時間 22-Apr-2016 16:59:53 (UTC+8)
摘要 一七二五年彼得大帝突然駕崩，由於未指定繼承人，再加上繼承法的紊亂，產生了所謂的宮廷革命時期。值得注意的是，從彼得大帝逝世至凱薩琳去世為止共計七十一年的時間，歷經七位統治者，其中女性統治的時間就佔了六十六年，其他的三位男性統治者皆在年幼時即位，亦給予母后或皇后專權干政的機會。這四位女皇在俄國史上佔了很重要的地位，除了凱薩琳二世是繼彼得大帝之後，第一未被稱為「大帝」的女皇外，其他三位女性統治者也是奠定俄國西化基礎的重要功臣。歷史上討論女性統治的文章所在多有，但這四位「空前絕後」的俄國女皇，究竟為俄國帶來了些什麼？有哪些功過得失，此即本文所欲深入探討者。
In 1725, succession problem arise upon the death of Peter the Great . The period from 1725 to the opening year of the nineteeth century was the age of palace revolution. In the absence of a definate law of succession, the decision as to whom was to occupy the throne came to rest upon casual gathering of high state and palace officials supported by the regiments of the guards. The years between 1725 and 1796 included the reigns of seven rulers, four female and three male. All the males are child or infant.
參考文獻 參考書目：
     一、 中文部份
     1. David Mackenzie, Michael W. Curran合著，蔡百銓翻譯，俄羅斯、蘇聯、與其後的歷史，國立編譯館，民國84年。
     2. Will Durant原著，幼獅文化公司翻譯，伏爾太思想與宗教的衝突，幼獅文化出版。
     3. 史仲文、胡曉琳主編，世界全史，中國國際廣播出版社出版。
     4. 李純武主編，簡明俄國通史（上），人民教育出版社。
     5. 李邁先，俄國史，國立編譯館，民國58年。
     6. 波克羅夫斯基，俄國歷史概要，商務印書館，1994年。
     7. 柯尼格(S. koenig)，朱岑樓譯，社會學，台北：協志工業叢書出版社，民國61年。
     8. 馬起華，政治制度，台北：台北商務印書館，1978年。
     9. 孫成木著，俄羅斯文化1000年，東方出版社，1995年。
     10. 孫成木、劉祖熙、李建主編，俄國通史簡編，人民出版社出版，1986年11月。
     11. 張達明，俄國女大帝—葉卡特琳娜二世傳，吉林人民出版社，1998年.
     12. 羅成徽，中國當代政治制度，廣東：中山大學出版社，1993年。
     13. 樸希加廖夫著，呂律譯，俄羅斯史，國立政治大學國關中心印，民國69年。
     14. 蘇聯百科全書出版社學術委員會編，世界歷史百科全書，北京商務出版社。
     二、 英文部份
     1. A.G. Mazour, Russia —Tsarist and Communist, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1963.
     2. A.G. Mazour, Rise and Fall of the romanous, Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Compony, Inc, 1960.
     3. A .S. Myl’nikov, “The Transformation of Reality”, Russian Studies in History, vol.33, No.4, Spring 1995.
     4. A. V. Khtapovitskii, Dnevnik, Moscow, 1901
     5. A. Morozov, Lomonosov, Moscow, 1965
     6. Aleksander B. Kamenskii, Translated and edited by David Griffiths, The Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century, M. E. Sharpe Press, 1997
     7. Barbara B. Green, The Dynamics of Russian Politics-A Short History, Westport, Connecticut London, 1994.
     8. Brenda Meeman-Waters, “Catherine the Great and the Problem of Female Rule”, The Russian Review, July 1975 vol.34 no.3.
     9. C. H. von Manstein, Contemporary Memoirs of Russia, New York, 1968
     10. Curtiss M., A Forgotten Empress: Anna Ivanovna and Her Era, 1730-40, New York, 1974.
     11. Cynthia H. Whittaker., “The Idea of Autocracy among Eighteenth-Century Russian Historians”, The Russian Review, vol.55, Aprial 1996
     12. Cynthia H. Whittaker, ‘The Reforming Tsar: The Redefinition of Autocrat Duty in Eighteen-Century Russia’ Slavic Review, vol.51, No. 1, Spring 1992.
     13. Cyril Bryner, “The Issue of Capital Punishment in the Reign of Elizabeth Petrovna”, The Russian Review, Oct.1990.
     14. David Mackenzie, Michael W. Curran, A History of Russia, the Soviet Union and Beyond.
     15. Document of Catherine the Great, Cambridge, Eng.
     16. Evgeni Viktorovich Anisimov, “Anna Ivanovna”, Russian Studies in History, spring 1994, vol.32 no.4.
     17. Francis Conte, Great Date in Russian and Soviet history, General Editor
     18. George Vernadsky, A History of Russia, New Haven, Yale University Press.
     19. Gitta Hammarberg, “Eighteenth Century Narrative Variations on ‘Frol Skobeev’”, Slavic Review, 1978, vol.46 No.3
     20. Gladys Scott Thomson, Catherine the Great and the Expansion of Russia, English University Press LTD. April, 1950.
     21. Hans Rogger, National Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century Russia, Harvard University Press, 1960.
     22. Isabel De Madariaga, “Catherine The Great —A Short History” ,Yale University Press New Navan and London 1990.
     23. J.T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
     24. J.T. Alexander, “Recent Soviet Historiography on the Pugachov Revolt,” CSS 4: 617.
     25. Jane Burbank and David L. Ransel, Imperial Russia (New History for the Empire), Indiana University Press, 1998
     26. Janos, A.C., “Politics and Paradigms: Changing Theories of Chang”, Social Science , Stanford; Stanford University Press.
     27. Jerome Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia: Form the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961.
     28. Katharine Anthony, Catherine the Great, New York Alfred Press, 1925.
     29. L. Gershon, From Despotism to Revolution, New York, 1944
     30. L. Jay Oliva, Peter the Great, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1970.
     31. M. G. Vandalkovskaia, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kizevetter, Russian Studies in History, vol. 36, no.4, Spring 1998.
     32. M. M. Shtrange, Demokkraticheskaia intelligentsiia Rossii v ⅩⅧveke (Moscow, 1965).
     33. M. T. Florinsky, Russia: A short history, vol. 1(New York).
     34. M. T. Studenikin, “Nonstate forms of Schooling in Autocratic Russia”, Russian Education and Society, July 1996 vol.38 No.7
     35. M. Raff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730-1905, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1966
     36. Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer, Russian Traditional Culture, M. E. Sharpe.
     37. Marshall Poe, What Did Russians Mean When They Called Themselves‘Slaves of the Tsar ’?, Slavic Review, Fall 1988 vol.57 No.3.
     38. Michael Von Herzen, Catherine Ⅱ—Editor of Vsiakaia vsiachina? A Reappraisal, The Russian Review, vol.38 July 1979, no.3.
     39. N. L. Sivertseva, The Origin of the State From of the Education System in Russia, Russian Education and Society, vol.39, no.12, December 1997.
     40. Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, Oxford University Press, 1977.
     41. P. Miliukov , History of Russia, 3 vols. New York, 1968, vol. 2.
     42. Paul Dukes, A History of Russia- Medieval, Modern and Contemporary, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
     43. Paul Dukes, The Making of Russian Absolutism : 1603-1801, New York : Longman , 1982.
     44. R.W. Harris, Absolutism and Enlightenment, 1660-1789.
     45. Richard Pipes, Russia Observed—Collected Essays on Russian and Soviet History, Westview Press, 1989.
     46. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Old Regime, Weldenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.
     47. Ronald Hingley, Russia a Concise History, Thames and Hudson Press, 1991
     48. Sidney Harcave, Russia a History, New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1964.
     49. Stephen J. Lee, Peter the Great, London and New York Press.
     50. Translated by Caroline Higgitt, The Russian Syndrome—One Thousand Years of Political Murder, Holmes & Meier, 1988.
     51. V. O. Kluchevsky, A History of Russia, vol.5, Trans. C. J. Hogarth, New York: Russell & Russell, 1960.
     52. Vickor Petrovich Naumov, “Elizaveta Petrovna”, Russian Studies in History, spring 1994, vol.32.
     53. W. Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800-1860, Princeton, 1968.
     54. Walther Kirchner, Ph.D. , An Outline-History of Russia, Barnes & Noble, INC.
     
     三、 俄文部份
     1. Fktrcflhjd D& F&, Jxthrb Heccrjq rekmnehsⅩⅧ dtrf, Bplfntkbcndf VUE&,1985。
     2. Rfvtycrbq F&<&, Cjckjdyfz gjkbnbrf Trfnthbys Ⅱ, Vjcrdf：Djghjcs bcnjhbb-t;tvtczxysq ;ehyfk, 1996。
     3. Rk.xtdcrbq D&J&, Rehc heccrjq bcnjhbb, Vjcrdf, 1937。
     4. Kjpbycrfz K&Z&, Dj ukfdt lde[ Frfltvbq,Frfltvbz Yfer, CCCH, 1978。
     5. Bcnjhbz Hjccbb c lhtdytqib[ dhtvty lj yfib[ lytq, Ghtgjlfdfybt bcnjhbb d irjkt, 1996。
     6. Gkfnjyjd C&A&, Ktrwbb gj heccrjq bcnjhbb, Vjcrdf "Dscifz irjkf", 1993。
     7. Gkfnjyjd C&A&, Ext,ybr heccrjq bcnjhbb Ghfuf, 1924。
     8. Gjn"vrby D&G&, Bcnjhbz lbgkjvfnbb, Vjcrdf, 1941。
     9. Geirfh"d C&U&, J,pjh heccrjq bcnjhbb, Bplfntkmcndj bvtyb Xt[jdf, 1953。
     10. Cjkjmtd C&V&, J, bcnjhbb yjdjq Hjccbb, V&Ghjcdtotybt, 1993。
     11. Xthrfcjd G& b Xthysitdcrbq L&, Bcnjhbz bvgthfnjhcrjq Hjccbb b "vt;leyfhjlyst jnyjitybz", 1994。
     12. Ifgbhj F&K&, Heccrfz bcnjhbjuhfabz c lhtdytqib[ dhtvty lj yfib[ lytq 1917 u&, Bplfntkmcndj "Rekmnehf", 1993。
     13. Intcrbq M.M., Ltvjrhfnbxtcrfz byntkkbutwbz Hjccbb dⅩⅧ dtrt, Vjcrdf, 1965。
     14. Zrjdktd Ybrfkfq b Ghbotgtyrj Dbrnjh, Bcnjhbxtcrbt bcnjrb, Vjcrdf, 1989。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
85263009
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001447
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王兆徽zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉佳宜zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Winnyen_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉佳宜zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Winnyen_US
dc.date (日期) 1998en_US
dc.date.accessioned 22-Apr-2016 16:59:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 22-Apr-2016 16:59:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 22-Apr-2016 16:59:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002001447en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/86111-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 85263009zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 一七二五年彼得大帝突然駕崩，由於未指定繼承人，再加上繼承法的紊亂，產生了所謂的宮廷革命時期。值得注意的是，從彼得大帝逝世至凱薩琳去世為止共計七十一年的時間，歷經七位統治者，其中女性統治的時間就佔了六十六年，其他的三位男性統治者皆在年幼時即位，亦給予母后或皇后專權干政的機會。這四位女皇在俄國史上佔了很重要的地位，除了凱薩琳二世是繼彼得大帝之後，第一未被稱為「大帝」的女皇外，其他三位女性統治者也是奠定俄國西化基礎的重要功臣。歷史上討論女性統治的文章所在多有，但這四位「空前絕後」的俄國女皇，究竟為俄國帶來了些什麼？有哪些功過得失，此即本文所欲深入探討者。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In 1725, succession problem arise upon the death of Peter the Great . The period from 1725 to the opening year of the nineteeth century was the age of palace revolution. In the absence of a definate law of succession, the decision as to whom was to occupy the throne came to rest upon casual gathering of high state and palace officials supported by the regiments of the guards. The years between 1725 and 1796 included the reigns of seven rulers, four female and three male. All the males are child or infant.en_US
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001447en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 繼承問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 凱薩琳二世zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女皇zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) succession problemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Catherine Ⅱen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) empressen_US
dc.title (題名) 十八世紀俄國女皇的統治特徵zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目：
     一、 中文部份
     1. David Mackenzie, Michael W. Curran合著，蔡百銓翻譯，俄羅斯、蘇聯、與其後的歷史，國立編譯館，民國84年。
     2. Will Durant原著，幼獅文化公司翻譯，伏爾太思想與宗教的衝突，幼獅文化出版。
     3. 史仲文、胡曉琳主編，世界全史，中國國際廣播出版社出版。
     4. 李純武主編，簡明俄國通史（上），人民教育出版社。
     5. 李邁先，俄國史，國立編譯館，民國58年。
     6. 波克羅夫斯基，俄國歷史概要，商務印書館，1994年。
     7. 柯尼格(S. koenig)，朱岑樓譯，社會學，台北：協志工業叢書出版社，民國61年。
     8. 馬起華，政治制度，台北：台北商務印書館，1978年。
     9. 孫成木著，俄羅斯文化1000年，東方出版社，1995年。
     10. 孫成木、劉祖熙、李建主編，俄國通史簡編，人民出版社出版，1986年11月。
     11. 張達明，俄國女大帝—葉卡特琳娜二世傳，吉林人民出版社，1998年.
     12. 羅成徽，中國當代政治制度，廣東：中山大學出版社，1993年。
     13. 樸希加廖夫著，呂律譯，俄羅斯史，國立政治大學國關中心印，民國69年。
     14. 蘇聯百科全書出版社學術委員會編，世界歷史百科全書，北京商務出版社。
     二、 英文部份
     1. A.G. Mazour, Russia —Tsarist and Communist, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1963.
     2. A.G. Mazour, Rise and Fall of the romanous, Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Compony, Inc, 1960.
     3. A .S. Myl’nikov, “The Transformation of Reality”, Russian Studies in History, vol.33, No.4, Spring 1995.
     4. A. V. Khtapovitskii, Dnevnik, Moscow, 1901
     5. A. Morozov, Lomonosov, Moscow, 1965
     6. Aleksander B. Kamenskii, Translated and edited by David Griffiths, The Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century, M. E. Sharpe Press, 1997
     7. Barbara B. Green, The Dynamics of Russian Politics-A Short History, Westport, Connecticut London, 1994.
     8. Brenda Meeman-Waters, “Catherine the Great and the Problem of Female Rule”, The Russian Review, July 1975 vol.34 no.3.
     9. C. H. von Manstein, Contemporary Memoirs of Russia, New York, 1968
     10. Curtiss M., A Forgotten Empress: Anna Ivanovna and Her Era, 1730-40, New York, 1974.
     11. Cynthia H. Whittaker., “The Idea of Autocracy among Eighteenth-Century Russian Historians”, The Russian Review, vol.55, Aprial 1996
     12. Cynthia H. Whittaker, ‘The Reforming Tsar: The Redefinition of Autocrat Duty in Eighteen-Century Russia’ Slavic Review, vol.51, No. 1, Spring 1992.
     13. Cyril Bryner, “The Issue of Capital Punishment in the Reign of Elizabeth Petrovna”, The Russian Review, Oct.1990.
     14. David Mackenzie, Michael W. Curran, A History of Russia, the Soviet Union and Beyond.
     15. Document of Catherine the Great, Cambridge, Eng.
     16. Evgeni Viktorovich Anisimov, “Anna Ivanovna”, Russian Studies in History, spring 1994, vol.32 no.4.
     17. Francis Conte, Great Date in Russian and Soviet history, General Editor
     18. George Vernadsky, A History of Russia, New Haven, Yale University Press.
     19. Gitta Hammarberg, “Eighteenth Century Narrative Variations on ‘Frol Skobeev’”, Slavic Review, 1978, vol.46 No.3
     20. Gladys Scott Thomson, Catherine the Great and the Expansion of Russia, English University Press LTD. April, 1950.
     21. Hans Rogger, National Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century Russia, Harvard University Press, 1960.
     22. Isabel De Madariaga, “Catherine The Great —A Short History” ,Yale University Press New Navan and London 1990.
     23. J.T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
     24. J.T. Alexander, “Recent Soviet Historiography on the Pugachov Revolt,” CSS 4: 617.
     25. Jane Burbank and David L. Ransel, Imperial Russia (New History for the Empire), Indiana University Press, 1998
     26. Janos, A.C., “Politics and Paradigms: Changing Theories of Chang”, Social Science , Stanford; Stanford University Press.
     27. Jerome Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia: Form the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961.
     28. Katharine Anthony, Catherine the Great, New York Alfred Press, 1925.
     29. L. Gershon, From Despotism to Revolution, New York, 1944
     30. L. Jay Oliva, Peter the Great, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1970.
     31. M. G. Vandalkovskaia, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kizevetter, Russian Studies in History, vol. 36, no.4, Spring 1998.
     32. M. M. Shtrange, Demokkraticheskaia intelligentsiia Rossii v ⅩⅧveke (Moscow, 1965).
     33. M. T. Florinsky, Russia: A short history, vol. 1(New York).
     34. M. T. Studenikin, “Nonstate forms of Schooling in Autocratic Russia”, Russian Education and Society, July 1996 vol.38 No.7
     35. M. Raff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730-1905, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1966
     36. Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer, Russian Traditional Culture, M. E. Sharpe.
     37. Marshall Poe, What Did Russians Mean When They Called Themselves‘Slaves of the Tsar ’?, Slavic Review, Fall 1988 vol.57 No.3.
     38. Michael Von Herzen, Catherine Ⅱ—Editor of Vsiakaia vsiachina? A Reappraisal, The Russian Review, vol.38 July 1979, no.3.
     39. N. L. Sivertseva, The Origin of the State From of the Education System in Russia, Russian Education and Society, vol.39, no.12, December 1997.
     40. Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, A History of Russia, Oxford University Press, 1977.
     41. P. Miliukov , History of Russia, 3 vols. New York, 1968, vol. 2.
     42. Paul Dukes, A History of Russia- Medieval, Modern and Contemporary, McGraw-Hill Book Company.
     43. Paul Dukes, The Making of Russian Absolutism : 1603-1801, New York : Longman , 1982.
     44. R.W. Harris, Absolutism and Enlightenment, 1660-1789.
     45. Richard Pipes, Russia Observed—Collected Essays on Russian and Soviet History, Westview Press, 1989.
     46. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Old Regime, Weldenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.
     47. Ronald Hingley, Russia a Concise History, Thames and Hudson Press, 1991
     48. Sidney Harcave, Russia a History, New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1964.
     49. Stephen J. Lee, Peter the Great, London and New York Press.
     50. Translated by Caroline Higgitt, The Russian Syndrome—One Thousand Years of Political Murder, Holmes & Meier, 1988.
     51. V. O. Kluchevsky, A History of Russia, vol.5, Trans. C. J. Hogarth, New York: Russell & Russell, 1960.
     52. Vickor Petrovich Naumov, “Elizaveta Petrovna”, Russian Studies in History, spring 1994, vol.32.
     53. W. Blackwell, The Beginnings of Russian Industrialization, 1800-1860, Princeton, 1968.
     54. Walther Kirchner, Ph.D. , An Outline-History of Russia, Barnes & Noble, INC.
     
     三、 俄文部份
     1. Fktrcflhjd D& F&, Jxthrb Heccrjq rekmnehsⅩⅧ dtrf, Bplfntkbcndf VUE&,1985。
     2. Rfvtycrbq F&<&, Cjckjdyfz gjkbnbrf Trfnthbys Ⅱ, Vjcrdf：Djghjcs bcnjhbb-t;tvtczxysq ;ehyfk, 1996。
     3. Rk.xtdcrbq D&J&, Rehc heccrjq bcnjhbb, Vjcrdf, 1937。
     4. Kjpbycrfz K&Z&, Dj ukfdt lde[ Frfltvbq,Frfltvbz Yfer, CCCH, 1978。
     5. Bcnjhbz Hjccbb c lhtdytqib[ dhtvty lj yfib[ lytq, Ghtgjlfdfybt bcnjhbb d irjkt, 1996。
     6. Gkfnjyjd C&A&, Ktrwbb gj heccrjq bcnjhbb, Vjcrdf "Dscifz irjkf", 1993。
     7. Gkfnjyjd C&A&, Ext,ybr heccrjq bcnjhbb Ghfuf, 1924。
     8. Gjn"vrby D&G&, Bcnjhbz lbgkjvfnbb, Vjcrdf, 1941。
     9. Geirfh"d C&U&, J,pjh heccrjq bcnjhbb, Bplfntkmcndj bvtyb Xt[jdf, 1953。
     10. Cjkjmtd C&V&, J, bcnjhbb yjdjq Hjccbb, V&Ghjcdtotybt, 1993。
     11. Xthrfcjd G& b Xthysitdcrbq L&, Bcnjhbz bvgthfnjhcrjq Hjccbb b "vt;leyfhjlyst jnyjitybz", 1994。
     12. Ifgbhj F&K&, Heccrfz bcnjhbjuhfabz c lhtdytqib[ dhtvty lj yfib[ lytq 1917 u&, Bplfntkmcndj "Rekmnehf", 1993。
     13. Intcrbq M.M., Ltvjrhfnbxtcrfz byntkkbutwbz Hjccbb dⅩⅧ dtrt, Vjcrdf, 1965。
     14. Zrjdktd Ybrfkfq b Ghbotgtyrj Dbrnjh, Bcnjhbxtcrbt bcnjrb, Vjcrdf, 1989。		zh_TW