中國回族與西北穆斯林宗派議題相關論述之評析

Abstract

回族因穆斯林進入中國而逐漸形成，於1954年被確認為中國法定的少數民族。回族研究大抵從20世紀初即已開始，研究者建構回族歷史與再現回族文化的研究成果，在不同時期著重於不同的議題與方向，其中宗派在中國伊斯蘭史上存在的史實，於再現回族歷史時成為回族史的一個重要部份。本文以中國西北穆斯林「宗派」問題的研究為主軸；「回族」議題的研究為背景，將一世紀以來相關的研究成果，做一歷史性的回顧並加以評析。回族與穆斯林宗派的研究史擬順時分為「回族研究的初興」、「回族研究的奠基」、「宗派議題的呈現與研究」以及「回族學中宗派研究的建構」等四個主題分別陳述。對研究成果的評析則分別檢視穆斯林學者與非穆斯林學者的論述，其中非穆斯林學者的著述將以英文著作與中文著作為主。 Hui Min-Zu was gradually developed after the Muslim entered into China, and was legally recognized as one of the minority ethnos in 1954. The study on Hui Min-Zu started approximately at the turn of the twentieth century. The results of the studies on the construction of Hui Min-Zu history and the representation of the Hui Min-Zu culture were based on different issues and directions at different times. Among the notable results of the studies was the factual existence of the Muslim denominations in the history of Chinese Islam, which became an important part of the representation of Hui Min-Zu history. This study is a historical review and evaluation of the literatures over the past one century on the issues of Chinese Northwestern Muslim denominations, which in turn are based on the researches of the related issues on Hui Min-Zu. The history of researches on Hui Min-Zu and Muslim denominations will be divided into four parts diachronically, namely, the rising of research on Hui Min-Zu, the foundation laying of research on Hui Min-Zu, the presentation and research on the Muslim denomination, and the construction of the research on the denominations in the Hui studies, each part will be presented separately. The evaluation of the research outcomes will be conducted from the propositions advanced by the Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. The sources of the essays of non-Muslim scholars will come mainly from the English and Chinese writings.