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題名 涂爾幹政治理念之分析
Emile Durkheim`s Political Theory作者 熊海瑞
Hsiung, Hai Jui貢獻者 江金太
Chiang,Chin Tai
熊海瑞
Hsiung,Hai Jui關鍵詞 國家
民主
次級團體
道德
病態
STATE
DEMOCRACY
SECONDARY GROUPS
MORAL
PATHOLOGY日期 1993 上傳時間 29-Apr-2016 16:31:40 (UTC+8) 摘要 涂爾幹(Emile Durkheim)是法國著名的社會學家,以及社會學的 奠基者之一。他在社會學上的成就有目共睹, 不過他思想中探討政治的 部份,長久以來都遭到忽視甚至誤解 ,使得一般人在探討政治社會學的 時候,都不將涂爾幹視為一位有所貢獻的學者, 而將他的成就侷限在社 會學的領域中。其實涂爾幹以他對現實的敏銳觀察, 以及基於知識份子 必須在學術上報□國家的態度,已經針對國家的本質、民主的特性, 發 展出一套相當有系統的理論,只不過一直沒有受到太多的注意, 成為他 整個思想體系中的遺珠。涂爾幹政治思想的兩大要素 ,是國家與民主; 在討論這兩個概念時,「次級團體」是一個重要的決定因素。涂爾幹認為 , 國家是個具有較高層智慧的思想有機體,它能指揮領導社會 ,也能讓 社會上的個人獲得自由,達成一種道德的存在。至於民主,則是一種正常 而理想的國家型態, 因為經由這種制度,社會能達成一種最純正型式的 自覺; 民主政府也是現代工業社會裡,最適合集體信念與集體情感生存 的一種政府。不過, 雖然國家是解救個人於暴政之外的一股力量, 但國 家本身卻有變成專制獨裁的可能,要預防這種情形發生,涂爾幹認為,必 須借助次級團體的制衡, 因為次級團體能防止國家壓迫孤立的個人, 也 是國家社會間取得健康均衡的要件。除此之外,涂爾幹還將他在社會學研 究中時常使用的常態、 病態的區分,應用到他對政治問題的討論上。在 涂爾幹眼中, 符合道德標準的個人主義與權威,都是健康而正常的; 而 自私自利的自我主義與赤裸裸的權力,則都是病態而必須去除的不正常現 象。 至於涂爾幹親身經歷的第一次世界大戰,不僅帶給他深切的痛楚, 也被他列為現代社會中必須去除的病態。本文將針對這幾個重點,討論涂 爾幹有關政治社會學的理念, 從而顯現他在這方面應有的定位。 參考文獻 一、涂爾幹著作英譯本 Emi Ie Durkheim Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951. Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956. Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C. Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1957. Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring• Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 , 1958. Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960. The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 1965. Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock , London : Cohen and West, 1965 . Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education, trans. By E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free Press, 1973. Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago Press, 1978. Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of Chicago Press, 1982. Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans. by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W. D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984. Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited, 1985. Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1986. 二、研究涂爾幹的著作 Raymond Aron Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2., New York: Anchor Books, 1968. Celestin Bougle " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York: Free Press` 1974 . . Lewis Coser Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977. Michael Curtis Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres, and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ. Press, 1959. Steve Fenton Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of Cambridge Press, 1984. Anthony Giddens " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。 Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1971. Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979 本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。 Steven Lukes Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York: Penguin Books, 1981. 本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品,是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。 Joseph Neyer " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960. Robert A. Nisbet The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York: Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 . Talcott Parsons The Structure of Social Action, Xew York: Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-` 12. Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家,本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方,但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力,Parsons仍有其貢獻。 " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan, 1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320. " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York: free Press, 1974. Melvin Richter " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 . Steven Seidman Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif. Press, 1983. Perry M. Stugess Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion, City University of New York, 1978 Edward A. Tiryaian " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis, New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236. 本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇,可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。 Mark Traugott " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. Kurt H. Wollfe Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus, Ohio: State University Press, 1960. 收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文,從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包,是重要的論文集。 Jeffrey Prager "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950. 是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品,對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。 Ernest E. Wallwork Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass. : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Irving Zeitlin Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1968. 參考書目 一、涂爾幹著作英譯本 Emi Ie Durkheim Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951. Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956. Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C. Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1957. Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring• Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 , 1958. Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960. The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 1965. Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock , London : Cohen and West, 1965 . Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education, trans. By E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free Press, 1973. Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago Press, 1978. Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of Chicago Press, 1982. Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans. by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W. D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984. Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited, 1985. Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1986. 二、研究涂爾幹的著作 Raymond Aron Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2., New York: Anchor Books, 1968. Celestin Bougle " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York: Free Press` 1974 . . Lewis Coser Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977. Michael Curtis Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres, and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ. Press, 1959. Steve Fenton Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of Cambridge Press, 1984. Anthony Giddens " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。 Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1971. Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979 本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。 Steven Lukes Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York: Penguin Books, 1981. 本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品,是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。 Joseph Neyer " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960. Robert A. Nisbet The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York: Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 . Talcott Parsons The Structure of Social Action, Xew York: Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-` 12. Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家,本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方,但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力,Parsons仍有其貢獻。 " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan, 1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320. " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York: free Press, 1974. Melvin Richter " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 . Steven Seidman Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif. Press, 1983. Perry M. Stugess Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion, City University of New York, 1978 Edward A. Tiryaian " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis, New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236. 本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇,可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。 Mark Traugott " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. Kurt H. Wollfe Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus, Ohio: State University Press, 1960. 收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文,從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包,是重要的論文集。 Jeffrey Prager "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950. 是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品,對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。 Ernest E. Wallwork Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass. : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Irving Zeitlin Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1968. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
歷史學系
G765601資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004227 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 江金太 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chiang,Chin Tai en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 熊海瑞 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsiung,Hai Jui en_US dc.creator (作者) 熊海瑞 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsiung, Hai Jui en_US dc.date (日期) 1993 en_US dc.date.accessioned 29-Apr-2016 16:31:40 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 29-Apr-2016 16:31:40 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Apr-2016 16:31:40 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002004227 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/88718 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 歷史學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) G765601 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 涂爾幹(Emile Durkheim)是法國著名的社會學家,以及社會學的 奠基者之一。他在社會學上的成就有目共睹, 不過他思想中探討政治的 部份,長久以來都遭到忽視甚至誤解 ,使得一般人在探討政治社會學的 時候,都不將涂爾幹視為一位有所貢獻的學者, 而將他的成就侷限在社 會學的領域中。其實涂爾幹以他對現實的敏銳觀察, 以及基於知識份子 必須在學術上報□國家的態度,已經針對國家的本質、民主的特性, 發 展出一套相當有系統的理論,只不過一直沒有受到太多的注意, 成為他 整個思想體系中的遺珠。涂爾幹政治思想的兩大要素 ,是國家與民主; 在討論這兩個概念時,「次級團體」是一個重要的決定因素。涂爾幹認為 , 國家是個具有較高層智慧的思想有機體,它能指揮領導社會 ,也能讓 社會上的個人獲得自由,達成一種道德的存在。至於民主,則是一種正常 而理想的國家型態, 因為經由這種制度,社會能達成一種最純正型式的 自覺; 民主政府也是現代工業社會裡,最適合集體信念與集體情感生存 的一種政府。不過, 雖然國家是解救個人於暴政之外的一股力量, 但國 家本身卻有變成專制獨裁的可能,要預防這種情形發生,涂爾幹認為,必 須借助次級團體的制衡, 因為次級團體能防止國家壓迫孤立的個人, 也 是國家社會間取得健康均衡的要件。除此之外,涂爾幹還將他在社會學研 究中時常使用的常態、 病態的區分,應用到他對政治問題的討論上。在 涂爾幹眼中, 符合道德標準的個人主義與權威,都是健康而正常的; 而 自私自利的自我主義與赤裸裸的權力,則都是病態而必須去除的不正常現 象。 至於涂爾幹親身經歷的第一次世界大戰,不僅帶給他深切的痛楚, 也被他列為現代社會中必須去除的病態。本文將針對這幾個重點,討論涂 爾幹有關政治社會學的理念, 從而顯現他在這方面應有的定位。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 註釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 第一章 涂爾幹的政治社會學. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 第一節 涂爾幹政治社會學的背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 第二節 涂爾幹的政治觀. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 一、 涂爾幹對政治的看法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 二、 了解國家的最佳途徑:社會學. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 第三節 涂爾幹有關政治的著作. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 註 釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 第二章 涂爾幹對國家的認識. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 第一節 涂爾幹對國家的定義. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 第二節 國家的價值所在. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 一、 國家是思想的機構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 二、 國家的目的在促成個人發展. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 第三節 次級團體是決定國家存在的要件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 第四節 愛國主義與愛世界主義. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 註 釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 第三章 涂爾幹對民主的定義. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 第一節 民主是理想而正常的國家型態. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 第二節 民主的定義性特質. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 一、 國家與人民間的緊密溝通. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 二、 國家意識儘可能的地延伸,並以次級團體居中溝通 . . . . . . . . . .57 第三節 對民主的威脅. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 一、 國家太弱. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 二、 國家太強. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 註 釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 第四章 社會中的病態. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 第一節 常態與病態的區別. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 第二節 個人主義與自我主義. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 第三節 權威與權力. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 第四節 戰爭. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 註 釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 結 論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 註 釋. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 參考書目. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 涂爾幹簡譜年表. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004227 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民主 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 次級團體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 道德 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 病態 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) STATE en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) DEMOCRACY en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) SECONDARY GROUPS en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) MORAL en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) PATHOLOGY en_US dc.title (題名) 涂爾幹政治理念之分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Emile Durkheim`s Political Theory en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、涂爾幹著作英譯本 Emi Ie Durkheim Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951. Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956. Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C. Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1957. Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring• Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 , 1958. Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960. The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 1965. Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock , London : Cohen and West, 1965 . Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education, trans. By E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free Press, 1973. Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago Press, 1978. Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of Chicago Press, 1982. Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans. by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W. D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984. Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited, 1985. Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1986. 二、研究涂爾幹的著作 Raymond Aron Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2., New York: Anchor Books, 1968. Celestin Bougle " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York: Free Press` 1974 . . Lewis Coser Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977. Michael Curtis Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres, and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ. Press, 1959. Steve Fenton Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of Cambridge Press, 1984. Anthony Giddens " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。 Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1971. Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979 本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。 Steven Lukes Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York: Penguin Books, 1981. 本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品,是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。 Joseph Neyer " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960. Robert A. Nisbet The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York: Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 . Talcott Parsons The Structure of Social Action, Xew York: Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-` 12. Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家,本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方,但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力,Parsons仍有其貢獻。 " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan, 1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320. " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York: free Press, 1974. Melvin Richter " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 . Steven Seidman Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif. Press, 1983. Perry M. Stugess Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion, City University of New York, 1978 Edward A. Tiryaian " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis, New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236. 本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇,可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。 Mark Traugott " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. Kurt H. Wollfe Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus, Ohio: State University Press, 1960. 收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文,從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包,是重要的論文集。 Jeffrey Prager "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950. 是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品,對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。 Ernest E. Wallwork Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass. : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Irving Zeitlin Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1968. 參考書目 一、涂爾幹著作英譯本 Emi Ie Durkheim Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. introduction by George Simpson, New York: Free Press, 1951. Education and Sociology, trans. by S. D. Fox , Glencoe, III ionis : The Free Press, 1956. Prof ess ional Ethics and Ci vic Mo rals, trans . by C. Brookfield, London: Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1957. Socialism and Saint-Simon (subsequently entitled Socialism) , trans. by Charlotte Sattler; introduction by Alvin W. Gouldner, Yellow Spring• Ant i oh Press; London: Rout 1 edge and Kegan Pau 1 , 1958. Montesquieu and Rousseau, trans. by Ralph Manheim , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960. The Elementary Forms of the ReI igious Life : a Study in Religious Sociology, trans. by Joseph Ward Swain, London: Allen and Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 1965. Sociology and Philosophy, trans. by D. F. Pocock , London : Cohen and West, 1965 . Seleted Writings, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education, trans. By E. K. Wi Ison and H. Schnurer, New York: Free Press, 1973. Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. by Mark Traugot t, Ch i cago : Un i vers i ty of Ch i cago Press, 1978. Durkheim: Essays on Morals and Education, ed. by W. S. F. Pickering, trans. by H. L. Sutdiffe, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. The Rules of Sociological Meth od, tr ans . by Sarah A. Solovay and John H. Mue l ler; in tr oduction by George E. G. Cat l in , Chicago : Univers i ty of Chicago Press, 1982. Pragmatism and Sociology, ed. by John B. trans. by J. C. Whitehouse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Division of Labour in Society, trans. by W. D. Halls, London: Macmi llan, 1984. Readings from Emile Durkheim, ed. by Kenneth Thopson, Chichester: Elles Horwood Limited, 1985. Durkheim on Politics and the State, ed. by Anthony Giddens, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1986. 二、研究涂爾幹的著作 Raymond Aron Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. 2., New York: Anchor Books, 1968. Celestin Bougle " Preface to the Original Edition" In Emile Durkheim, Sociology and Philosophy, New York: Free Press` 1974 . . Lewis Coser Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977. Michael Curtis Three Against The Third Republic: Sorel, Barres, and Maurras, Princeton, N. J. : Prinston Univ. Press, 1959. Steve Fenton Durkheirn & Moderw Sociology, Aew York:Vniv of Cambridge Press, 1984. Anthony Giddens " Durkheim`s Political Sociology" Sociolo leal Review, 19, 4, 1971, pp. 477~519.評估涂爾幹政治社會學的重要著作。 Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1971. Emile Durkheim, London: Fontana Modern Masters,1979 本書對涂爾幹思想的幾個主要面向有簡短但清楚的介紹與解說。 Steven Lukes Emi Ie Durkheim, His Life and Work, New York: Penguin Books, 1981. 本書是對涂爾幹生平與著作最有權威的一本傳記性作品,是了解涂爾幹的基本必讀著作。 Joseph Neyer " Individualism and Socialism in Durkheim" In Essays on Sociology and Philosophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960. Robert A. Nisbet The Sociology of Emi Ie Durkheim, New York: Oxford Univers ity Press, 1974 . Talcott Parsons The Structure of Social Action, Xew York: Mcgraw Hi 11. and The free Press 1949, chs. 8"`-` 12. Parsons是促成美國社會學在二次大戰後興盛的主要理論家,本書以比較的方法對涂爾幹與其它幾位社會學家的思想做了一番探討。雖然Parsons有關涂爾幹的理論有許多值得批評的地方,但是對於尊崇涂爾幹為現代社會學兩位主要奠基者之一的努力,Parsons仍有其貢獻。 " Emile Durkheilll" in International Encyclopedia of the Social Science, New York: Macmi Ilan, 1968, vol. 4, pp 311 ~ 320. " The Life and Work of Emile Durkheim" . in Durkheim, Sociology and Phi losophy, New York: free Press, 1974. Melvin Richter " Durkheim`s Politics and Political Theory" . in Essays on Sociology and Phi losophy, ed. by Kurt Wolff, New York: Harper and Row, 1960 . Steven Seidman Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory, Berkeley, Calif. : University of Calif. Press, 1983. Perry M. Stugess Social Theory and Political Ideology : CeIestin Bougle and the Durkheimian School,Ph . D. dissertion, City University of New York, 1978 Edward A. Tiryaian " Emile Durkheim" in Torn Bott ore and Robert Nisbet eds. A History of Sociological Analysis, New York: Basic Books, 1978, pp. 187~236. 本書對涂爾幹有許多推崇,可說是近代對涂爾幹政治學說重新肯定的代表性作品。 Mark Traugott " Introduction" in Durkheim. on Institutional Analysis, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. Kurt H. Wollfe Emi Ie Durkheim : A Collection of Essays wi th Translations and a Bibl iography, Columbus, Ohio: State University Press, 1960. 收錄多篇研究涂爾幹的論文,從生平介紹到思想探討無所不包,是重要的論文集。 Jeffrey Prager "`Morals Intregation and Political Inclusion: A Comparison of Durkheim`s and Weber`s Theories of Democracy" , Social forces, 59, 4,1981 pp. 918~ 950. 是晚近正視涂爾幹政治社會學的作品,對涂爾幹的民主理論亦有探討。 Ernest E. Wallwork Durkheim: Moral ity and Mi I ieu, Cambridge J1ass. : Harvard Un i vers i ty Press, 1972. Irving Zeitlin Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory, Englewood-CI iffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1968. zh_TW