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題名 以古典現實主義探討中國南海政策
A Classical Realist Account of China’s Policy in the South China Sea作者 季方雷
Jilek, Vaclav貢獻者 王定士
Wang, Ding Shu
季方雷
Jilek, Vaclav關鍵詞 古典現實主義
南海
相對性力量
地緣政治
解釋主義
classical realism
South China Sea
relative power
geopolitics
interpretivism日期 2016 上傳時間 1-Jul-2016 16:01:04 (UTC+8) 摘要 正如古典現實主義者所提倡的，最初的政治學中的關係探究存在於人類的本質中。權力的交替定義了君主世界中的相對關係，也因而形塑了我們對利益的追求。這樣的權力轉變正在中國發生，同時這也反應在中國對南海戰略的政策上。古典現實主義提供了海洋的國際政治學一個嶄新觀點。透過地理政治學上的解釋性分析，此研究檢視中國的政策與對世界的影響。在南海，中國持續崛起的力量、戰略與政策導致由中國主導的區域秩序。本研究所採用的研究方法發現到，中國崛起是一股相對的力量，且美國所企圖採取的權力平衡，可能無法成功圍堵中國的崛起。
The primordial causal relationship within politics lies in the condition of our human nature, as classical realists argue. The constant exchange in power defines the relative relationships within the anarchical world, and shapes our pursuit of interests thereof. Such a change in power is occurring within China, and this is being reflected on its shifting policy and conduct in the South China Sea. Classical realism ought to shed light on and put forth a new perspective on the situation in the maritime sphere of international politics. The thesis scrutinizes, through interpretive analysis within a geopolitical approach, China’s policy and how it sees the world. The outcome of China’s increasing power, strategy and subsequent policy results in a China-led regional order starting in the waters of the South China Sea. The importance of this method in seeing China’s rise is the relativity of power and how the balance of power, including US, may prove to be inconclusive in trying to contain China’s unprecedented rise.參考文獻 BibliographyARTICLESGilley, B. (2008) ‘Legitimacy and Institutional Change: The Case of China’, Comparative Political Studies, 41(3), pp.259-284Guo, B. (2013) ‘Political Legitimacy in China`s Transition’, Journal of Chinese Political Science, 8(1&2), pp.1-25Kato, Y. (2010) ‘China’s Naval Expansion in the Western Pacific’, Global Asia, 5(4), pp.18-21Kirshner, J. (2010) “The Tragedy of Offensive Realism: Classical Realism and the Rise of China”, European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), pp. 53-75Orlikowski, W.J. & Baroudi, J.J. (1991) ‘Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions’, Information Systems Research, 2, pp. 1-28Ota, F. (2014) ‘Sun Tzu in Contemporary Chinese Strategy’, Joint Forces Quarterly, 73, pp. 76-80Saul, B. (2013) ‘China, Natural Resources, Sovereignty and International Law’, Asian Studies Review, 37(2), pp. 196-214Walsham, G. (1995) “Interpretive Case Studies in IS Research: Nature and Method”, European Journal of Information Systems, 4, pp. 74-81Welch, D. (2003) ‘Why International Relations Theorists Should Stop Reading Thucydides’, Review of International Studies, 29(3), pp. 301-319Yahuda, M. (2013) ‘China`s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea’, Journal of Contemporary China, 22(81), pp. 446-459BOOKSBerlin, I. ([1979] 2013) Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, 2nd ed., New Jersey: Princeton University PressCarr, E. H. (1961) What is History?, New York: VintageCole, B. D. (2010) The Great Wall at Sea China’s Navy in the Twenty-First Century, 2nd ed. Annapolis: Naval Institute PressCook, M., Heinrichs, R., Medcalf, R., and Shearer, A. (2010) Power and Choice: Asian Security Futures, Sydney: Lowy Institute for International PolicyFukuyama, F (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, New York: Maxwell Macmillan InternationalGill, B. and Small, A. (2012) Untapped Trilateralism: Common Economic and Security Interests of the European Union, the United States and China, London: European China Research and Advice NetworkHolmes, J. R., and Yoshihara, T. (2008) Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century The Turn to Mahan, New York: RoutledgeHsu, C. (2007) ‘Introduction’, in P. Y. Leung (ed.) The Legitimation of New Orders, Hong Kong: The Chinese University PressKaplan, R. (2012) The Revenge of Geography, New York: Random HouseLi, M. (2014) ‘The Changing Contexts of China’s Policy on the South China Sea Dispute’, in P. Chachavalpongpun (ed), Entering Uncharted Waters? ASEAN and the South China Sea, Singapore: ISEAS PublishingMöller, K. (1995) ‘Chinese Risks: Nationalism Versus Integration in Beijing’s Foreign Relations’, in R. Grant, The European Union and China, A European Strategy for the Twenty-First Century, London: Royal Institute of International AffairsMorgenthau, H. J., and Thompson, K. W. (1993) Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw-HillPinker, S. (2011) The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, New York: VikingPopper, K. R. ([1957] 1964) The Poverty of Historicism, New York: Harper & RowRaine, S. and Le Mière, C. (2013) Regional Disorder, the South China Sea Disputes, Oxon: RoutledgeSamuels, M.S. (1982) Contest for the South China Sea, New York: MethuenSaunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research Methods for Business Students, 5th ed. New York: Pearson EducationSo, B. (2007) “Legitimizing New Political Order Legally: Legal Reforms in Northern Song China” in Philip Yuen-sang Leung (ed.) The Legitimation of New Orders: Case Studies in World History. Hong Kong: The Chinese University PressStrassler, R. and Crawley, R. (1998) The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, New York: TouchstoneSun-tzu ([6th cen. BC] 2002) The Art of War. New York: VikingTaylor, T. (1997) European Security and the Asia-Pacific Region, London: Royal Institute of International AffairsXiang, L. (2009) ‘Chinese Outlook on European Security: Towards Ideological Convergence?’, in T. Tardy, European Security in a Global Context, Abingdon: RoutledgeYou, J. (2006) ‘China’s Naval Strategy and Transformation’, in L. W. Prabhakar, J. H. Ho and S. Bateman (eds), The Evolving Maritime Balance of Power in the Asia-Pacific Maritime Doctrines and Nuclear Weapons at Sea, Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic StudiesZhao, T. (2012) ‘All-Under-Heaven and Methodological Relationism’, in F. Dallmayr and T. Zhao (eds), Contemporary Chinese Political Thought: Debates and Perspectives, Lexington: The University Press of KentuckyETHERNET ARTICLESAsia Maritime Transparency Initiative (2016) ‘Another Piece of the Puzzle China Builds New Radar Capabilities in the Spratly Islands’, Center for Strategic and International Studies. URL: http://amti.csis.org/another-piece-of-the-puzzle/ [Accessed 31/05/2016]Batongbacal, J. (2015) ‘ARBITRATION 101: PHILIPPINES V. CHINA’, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. URL: http://amti.csis.org/arbitration-101-philippines-v-china/ [Accessed 31/05/2016]Cronin, P. M. (2015) ‘The Military Balance and Regional Order in the South China Sea’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International Studiesde Castro, R. C. (2015) ‘The Impact of Strategic Balance in East Asia on a Small Power’s Defense Policy The Case of the Philippines in the Face of the South China Sea Dispute’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesDung, P. L. and Minh, T. H. D. (2015) ‘Some Legal Aspects of Current Developments in the South China Sea Dispute’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesGlaser, B. (2015) ‘China’s Island Building in the Spratly Islands For What Purpose?’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesHayton, B. (2015) ‘Developments in the South China Sea Perspectives on the Philippines, Malaysia, and Beyond’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesHardy, J. (2015) ‘China Completes Runway on Fiery Cross Reef’, IHS Jane`s Defence Weekly. URL: http://www.janes.com/article/54814/china-completes-runway-on-fiery-cross-reef [Accessed 31/05/2016]Jennings, P. (2015) ‘The International Community and the Strategic Balance in the South China Sea’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesJohnson, K. and De Luce, D. (2015) ‘U.S. Gears Up to Challenge Beijing’s ‘Great Wall of Sand’’, Foreign Policy. URL: http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/09/22/u-s-gears-up-to-challenge-beijings-great-wall-of-sand-obama-xi-south-china-sea/ [Accessed 21 May 2016]Kaplan, R. (2012b) ‘The South China Sea is the Future of Conflict’, Foreign Policy. URL: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/the_south_china_sea_is_the_future_of_conflict [Accessed 15 April 2016]Kaplan, R. (2014) ‘Interview with Robert D. Kaplan’, The Diplomat. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2014/03/interview-with-robert-d-kaplan [Accessed 5 April 2016]PEW Research Center (2013) ‘America’s Global Image Remains More Positive than China’s But Many See China Becoming World’s Leading Power’, PEW Research Center. URL: http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/07/18/chapter-3-attitudes-toward-china/ [Accessed 31/05/2016]Russel, D. (2014) ‘US Challenges China’s Nine-Dash Line Claim’, The Diplomat. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2014/02/us-challenges-chinas-nine-dash-line-claim/ [Accessed 22 March 2016]SIPRI (2015) ‘TRENDS IN WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURE, 2014’ Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, URL: http://books.sipri.org/files/FS/SIPRIFS1504.pdf [Accessed 08/05/2016]Sociology Central (1995) ‘“A” Level Sociology A Resource-Based Learning Approach Theory and Methods’, Sociology. URL: www.sociology.org.uk/tmmeth1.doc [Accessed 7 April 2016]Solana, J. (2013) ‘Europe’s Smart Asian Pivot’, Project Syndicate. URL: http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-eu-s-startegic-advantages-in-asia-by-javier-solana [Accessed 25 March 2016]Spetalnick, M. (2016) ‘U.S. Lifts Arms Ban on Old Foe Vietnam as China Tensions Simmer’, Reuters. URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-obama-idUSKCN0YD050 [Accessed 27 May 2016]Storey, I. (2015) ‘The Regional Military and Paramilitary Balance The Widening Chasm between China and Southeast Asia’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesTebin, P. (2011) ‘South China Sea: A New Geopolitical Node’, Asia Times. URL: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/MJ14Ae01.html [Accessed 20 March 2016]Thayer, C. (2014) ‘Tensions Set To Rise In The South China Sea’, The Diplomat. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2014/02/tensions-set-to-rise-in-the-south-china-sea/ [Accessed 20 March 2016]Welch, D. (2015) ‘Can the United States and China Avoid A Thucydides Trap?’, E-international relations. ULR: http://www.e-ir.info/2015/04/06/can-the-united-states-and-china-avoid-a-thucydides-trap/#_edn9 [Accessed 26 April 2016]OFFICIAL DOCUMENTSASEAN, (2002) ‘Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea’, Association of Southeast Asian Nations. URL: http://www.asean.org/asean/external-relations/china/item/declaration-on-the-conduct-of-parties-in-the-south-china-sea [Accessed 19 March 2016]ASEAN Summit (2015a) ‘CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT OF THE 26TH ASEAN SUMMIT’, Association of South-East Asian Nations, URL: http://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/fileupload/Chairman%20Statement%2026th%20ASEAN%20Summit.pdf [Accessed 08/05/2016]ASEAN Summit (2015b) ‘CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT OF THE 27TH ASEAN SUMMIT’, Association of South-East Asian Nations, URL: http://www.asean.org/storage/2015/12/Final-Chairmans-Statement-of-27th-ASEAN-Summit-25-November-2015.pdf [Accessed 08/05/2016]EEAS, (2012) The Situation in the South China and East China Sea, Brussels: Council of the European UnionEEAS (2015) ‘The European Union in a Changing Global Environment A More Connected, Contested and Complex World’, European External Action Service. URL: http://eeas.europa.eu/docs/strategic_review/eu-strategic-review_strategic_review_en.pdf [Accessed 28 April 2016]MOFA, (2000) ‘The Issue of South China Sea’, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. URL: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics/3754/t19231.htm [Accessed 20 March 2016]State Council (2015) ‘China’s Military Strategy’, Xinhua. URL: http://www.china.org.cn/china/2015-05/26/content_35661433.htm [Accessed 7 April 2016]UN (2009) ‘China’s Claim to the South China Sea’, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations. URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/vnm37_09/chn_2009re_vnm.pdf [Accessed 22 March 2016]POLITICAL MAGAZINES / NEWSPAPERSBBC (2016) ‘Chinese Jets Intercept US Spy Plane Over South China Sea, Pentagon Says’, British Broadcast Channel. URL: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36328464 [Accessed 24/05/2016]Browne, A. (2015) ‘A Pivotal Moment in the South China Sea’, The Wall Street Journal. URL: http://www.wsj.com/articles/a-pivotal-moment-in-the-south-china-sea-1445930265 [Accessed 31/05/2016]Chan, M. (2014) ‘Southern Air Defence Zone `Crucial for China in Long Term`, PLA expert says’, South China Morning Post. URL: http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1432938/southern-air-defence-zone-crucial-china-long-term-pla-expert-says [Accessed 6th May 2016]China vs the rest. (2016, March 26th). The Economist. p.30Landler, M. (2012) ‘Obama’s Journey to Tougher Tack on China’, New York Times. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/us/politics/obamas-evolution-to-a-tougher-line-on-china.html [Accessed 08/05/2016]Reclamation marks. (2015, February 28th). The Economist. p.29Sevastopulo, D. (2014) ‘Philippines Battles China at UN Over Maritime Dispute’, Financial Times. URL: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2647889c-93b3-11e3-bf0c-00144feab7de.html#axzz2t79CvTzl [Accessed 20 March 2016]The Economist (2013) ‘Chasing the Chinese Dream’, The Economist. URL: http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21577063-chinas-new-leader-has-been-quick-consolidate-his-power-what-does-he-now-want-his [Accessed 27 April 2016]WSJ (2013) ‘Defending China’, Wall Street Journal. URL: http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/P1-BK653_XI_G_20130312183006.jpg [Accessed 31/05/2016]Wingfield-Hayes, R. (2014) ‘China’s Island Factory’, BBC. URL: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-1446c419-fc55-4a07-9527-a6199f5dc0e2 [Accessed 31/05/2016]Yu, M. (2014) ‘Inside China: Chinese Leaders Use History to Serve Communist Party’, The Washington Times. URL: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/feb/21/inside-china-chinese-leaders-use-history-to-serve-/ [Accessed 25 February 2016] 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
103926020資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1039260202 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王定士 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Ding Shu en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 季方雷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Jilek, Vaclav en_US dc.creator (作者) 季方雷 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Jilek, Vaclav en_US dc.date (日期) 2016 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2016 16:01:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2016 16:01:04 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2016 16:01:04 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1039260202 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98672 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103926020 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 正如古典現實主義者所提倡的，最初的政治學中的關係探究存在於人類的本質中。權力的交替定義了君主世界中的相對關係，也因而形塑了我們對利益的追求。這樣的權力轉變正在中國發生，同時這也反應在中國對南海戰略的政策上。古典現實主義提供了海洋的國際政治學一個嶄新觀點。透過地理政治學上的解釋性分析，此研究檢視中國的政策與對世界的影響。在南海，中國持續崛起的力量、戰略與政策導致由中國主導的區域秩序。本研究所採用的研究方法發現到，中國崛起是一股相對的力量，且美國所企圖採取的權力平衡，可能無法成功圍堵中國的崛起。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The primordial causal relationship within politics lies in the condition of our human nature, as classical realists argue. The constant exchange in power defines the relative relationships within the anarchical world, and shapes our pursuit of interests thereof. Such a change in power is occurring within China, and this is being reflected on its shifting policy and conduct in the South China Sea. Classical realism ought to shed light on and put forth a new perspective on the situation in the maritime sphere of international politics. The thesis scrutinizes, through interpretive analysis within a geopolitical approach, China’s policy and how it sees the world. The outcome of China’s increasing power, strategy and subsequent policy results in a China-led regional order starting in the waters of the South China Sea. The importance of this method in seeing China’s rise is the relativity of power and how the balance of power, including US, may prove to be inconclusive in trying to contain China’s unprecedented rise. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsAcknowledgements 1Abstract 2List of Abbreviations 4List of Figures 5Chapter I. Introduction 6Motivation and Purpose of Study 6Hypothesized Proposition 7Framework of Study 7Literature Review 8Research Methodology 14Chapter II. Theoretical Analysis of Classical Realism 18II. i. The Principles of Classical Realism 18II. ii. Distinguishing Classical and Neo-realist Methodology 23II. iii. Limitations of Classical Realism 24Chapter III. China’s Policy in the South China Sea 28III. i. Analysis of China’s Power 29III. ii. China’s Naval Strategy 33III. iii. China’s Island Building 36Chapter IV. Potential Outcomes of China’s Policy 41IV. i. ASEAN and International Law 41IV. ii. US and Balance of Power 45IV. iii. China’s New Regional Order and Legitimacy 49Chapter V. Conclusion 54Bibliography 57 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1136677 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1039260202 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 古典現實主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 南海 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相對性力量 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地緣政治 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 解釋主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) classical realism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) South China Sea en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) relative power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) geopolitics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) interpretivism en_US dc.title (題名) 以古典現實主義探討中國南海政策 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Classical Realist Account of China’s Policy in the South China Sea en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BibliographyARTICLESGilley, B. (2008) ‘Legitimacy and Institutional Change: The Case of China’, Comparative Political Studies, 41(3), pp.259-284Guo, B. (2013) ‘Political Legitimacy in China`s Transition’, Journal of Chinese Political Science, 8(1&2), pp.1-25Kato, Y. (2010) ‘China’s Naval Expansion in the Western Pacific’, Global Asia, 5(4), pp.18-21Kirshner, J. (2010) “The Tragedy of Offensive Realism: Classical Realism and the Rise of China”, European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), pp. 53-75Orlikowski, W.J. & Baroudi, J.J. (1991) ‘Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions’, Information Systems Research, 2, pp. 1-28Ota, F. (2014) ‘Sun Tzu in Contemporary Chinese Strategy’, Joint Forces Quarterly, 73, pp. 76-80Saul, B. (2013) ‘China, Natural Resources, Sovereignty and International Law’, Asian Studies Review, 37(2), pp. 196-214Walsham, G. (1995) “Interpretive Case Studies in IS Research: Nature and Method”, European Journal of Information Systems, 4, pp. 74-81Welch, D. (2003) ‘Why International Relations Theorists Should Stop Reading Thucydides’, Review of International Studies, 29(3), pp. 301-319Yahuda, M. (2013) ‘China`s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea’, Journal of Contemporary China, 22(81), pp. 446-459BOOKSBerlin, I. ([1979] 2013) Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, 2nd ed., New Jersey: Princeton University PressCarr, E. H. (1961) What is History?, New York: VintageCole, B. D. (2010) The Great Wall at Sea China’s Navy in the Twenty-First Century, 2nd ed. Annapolis: Naval Institute PressCook, M., Heinrichs, R., Medcalf, R., and Shearer, A. (2010) Power and Choice: Asian Security Futures, Sydney: Lowy Institute for International PolicyFukuyama, F (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, New York: Maxwell Macmillan InternationalGill, B. and Small, A. (2012) Untapped Trilateralism: Common Economic and Security Interests of the European Union, the United States and China, London: European China Research and Advice NetworkHolmes, J. R., and Yoshihara, T. (2008) Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century The Turn to Mahan, New York: RoutledgeHsu, C. (2007) ‘Introduction’, in P. Y. Leung (ed.) The Legitimation of New Orders, Hong Kong: The Chinese University PressKaplan, R. (2012) The Revenge of Geography, New York: Random HouseLi, M. (2014) ‘The Changing Contexts of China’s Policy on the South China Sea Dispute’, in P. Chachavalpongpun (ed), Entering Uncharted Waters? ASEAN and the South China Sea, Singapore: ISEAS PublishingMöller, K. (1995) ‘Chinese Risks: Nationalism Versus Integration in Beijing’s Foreign Relations’, in R. Grant, The European Union and China, A European Strategy for the Twenty-First Century, London: Royal Institute of International AffairsMorgenthau, H. J., and Thompson, K. W. (1993) Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw-HillPinker, S. (2011) The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, New York: VikingPopper, K. R. ([1957] 1964) The Poverty of Historicism, New York: Harper & RowRaine, S. and Le Mière, C. (2013) Regional Disorder, the South China Sea Disputes, Oxon: RoutledgeSamuels, M.S. (1982) Contest for the South China Sea, New York: MethuenSaunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research Methods for Business Students, 5th ed. New York: Pearson EducationSo, B. (2007) “Legitimizing New Political Order Legally: Legal Reforms in Northern Song China” in Philip Yuen-sang Leung (ed.) The Legitimation of New Orders: Case Studies in World History. Hong Kong: The Chinese University PressStrassler, R. and Crawley, R. (1998) The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, New York: TouchstoneSun-tzu ([6th cen. BC] 2002) The Art of War. New York: VikingTaylor, T. (1997) European Security and the Asia-Pacific Region, London: Royal Institute of International AffairsXiang, L. (2009) ‘Chinese Outlook on European Security: Towards Ideological Convergence?’, in T. Tardy, European Security in a Global Context, Abingdon: RoutledgeYou, J. (2006) ‘China’s Naval Strategy and Transformation’, in L. W. Prabhakar, J. H. Ho and S. Bateman (eds), The Evolving Maritime Balance of Power in the Asia-Pacific Maritime Doctrines and Nuclear Weapons at Sea, Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic StudiesZhao, T. (2012) ‘All-Under-Heaven and Methodological Relationism’, in F. Dallmayr and T. Zhao (eds), Contemporary Chinese Political Thought: Debates and Perspectives, Lexington: The University Press of KentuckyETHERNET ARTICLESAsia Maritime Transparency Initiative (2016) ‘Another Piece of the Puzzle China Builds New Radar Capabilities in the Spratly Islands’, Center for Strategic and International Studies. URL: http://amti.csis.org/another-piece-of-the-puzzle/ [Accessed 31/05/2016]Batongbacal, J. (2015) ‘ARBITRATION 101: PHILIPPINES V. CHINA’, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. URL: http://amti.csis.org/arbitration-101-philippines-v-china/ [Accessed 31/05/2016]Cronin, P. M. (2015) ‘The Military Balance and Regional Order in the South China Sea’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International Studiesde Castro, R. C. (2015) ‘The Impact of Strategic Balance in East Asia on a Small Power’s Defense Policy The Case of the Philippines in the Face of the South China Sea Dispute’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesDung, P. L. and Minh, T. H. D. (2015) ‘Some Legal Aspects of Current Developments in the South China Sea Dispute’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesGlaser, B. (2015) ‘China’s Island Building in the Spratly Islands For What Purpose?’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesHayton, B. (2015) ‘Developments in the South China Sea Perspectives on the Philippines, Malaysia, and Beyond’, in M. Hiebert, P. Nguyen and G. B. Poling (eds), Examining the South China Sea Disputes Papers from the Fifth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference, Washington: Center for Strategic & International StudiesHardy, J. (2015) ‘China Completes Runway on Fiery Cross Reef’, IHS Jane`s Defence Weekly. 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