1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of International Affairs
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 拉丁美洲與加勒比的出生率、所得不均與經濟發展; 以宏都拉斯為例
Birth Rate, Income Inequality, and Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: A Case of Honduras
作者 艾莉亞
Alfaro, María Gabriela
貢獻者 蘇彥斌
Su, Yen Pin
艾莉亞
Alfaro, María Gabriela
關鍵詞 出生率
所得不均
經濟發展
拉丁美洲
加勒比
以宏都拉斯
Birth rate
Income inequality
Economic development
Latin America
The Caribbean
Honduras
日期 2018
上傳時間 3-Jul-2018 17:37:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 摘要
以往許多研究專注於人口對經濟發展的影響，然而這些研究大多未考量人口因素可能會與其他變數對於經濟發展造成交互作用。本論文探討出生率與收入不平等對於經濟發展的效應，試圖填補既有文獻的空缺。本論用使用拉丁美洲與加勒比33個國家從1960年至2015年的資料進行量化分析，實證結果顯示，當一個國家的出生率較高，而且其收入不平等的情況較嚴重時，其經濟發展程度將會較低。同時，本研究亦對於宏都拉斯進行案例研究，質化與量化的分析顯示，當一個行政區有較高的出生率與較嚴重的收入不平等情況，會對於該行政區的經濟發展造成負面影響。
ABSTRACT

While many studies of economic development examine the effects of demographic factors, few take into account under what conditions certain demographic factors will affect economic development. This thesis aims to fill the empirical gap by focusing on the interactive effect of crude birthrate and income inequality. I argue that the effect of birth rate on economic development is conditional on income inequality. Based on data for 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1960 to 2015, the statistical results demonstrate that a country with a higher birth rate tends to have a much lower level of economic development when that country suffers from serious income inequality. I also conduct a case study of Honduras to demonstrate the mechanism of my theory at the subnational level. The empirical analysis, based on both quantitative and qualitative data, largely support my hypothesis, suggesting that a department tends to be less developed when it has a high birthrate and a high level of income inequality.
參考文獻 Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. 2002. “Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4): 1231–94.
Acemoglu, Daron, Suresh Naidu, Pascual Restrepo, and James A. Robinson. 2014. “Democracy does cause growth.” NBER Working Papers 20004, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w20004.
Acemoglu, Daron. 2008. “Oligarchic Vs. Democratic Societies.” Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(1): 1–44.
Adserà, Alícia and Menendez, Alicia. 2011. “Fertility Changes in Latin America in periods of Economic Uncertainty.” Population Studies, 65(1): 37-56
Aghion Philippe, Alesina Alberto, Trebbi Francesco. 2007. “Democracy, Technology, and Growth.” NBER Working Paper No. 13180. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Available at: http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/ftrebbi/research/aat3.pdf
Ahituv, Avner. 2001. “Be fruitful or multiply: On the interplay between fertility and economic development.” Journal of Population Economics, 14(1): 51-71.
Alesina, Alberto, and Dani Rodrik. 1994. “Distributive Politics and Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2): 465–490.
Altimir, Oscar. 1996. “Economic Development and Social Equity: A Latin American Perspective.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 38, (2/3): 47-71.
Banerjee, Abhijit V, and Duflo, Esther. 2003. “Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?” Journal of Economic Growth, 8(3): 267-299.
Barro, Robert. 1999. “Determinants of Democracy.” Journal of Political Economy, 107(S6): S158-S183
Benería, Lourdes, and Gita Sen. 1981. “Accumulation, Reproduction, and Women`s Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited.” Signs, 7(2): 279–298.
Behrman, Jere R. and Deolalikar, Anil B. 1988. “Health and nutrition”, Handbook of Development Economics, 1: 631-711.
Bloom, David E., Canning David and Sevilla Jaypee. 2004. “The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach.” World Development, 32(1): 13.
Brander, James A., and Dowrick, Steve. 1994. “The Role of Fertility and Population in Economic Growth: Empirical results from aggregate cross-national data.” Journal of Population Economics, 7(1): 1-25.
Chaverri, Marcos Carias. 2010. “Análisis de situación de población en Honduras. Población y Desarrollo.” Argonautas y Caminantes, 6(6): 36-39.
Christiaensen, Luc and Lionel Demery. 2007. “Down to Earth: Agriculture and Poverty Reduction in Africa.” Directions in Development; Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6624
Cochrane, Susan Hill. 1979. “Fertility and education: what do we really know?” World Bank staff occasional papers; no. OCP 26. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/550621468765918708/Fertility-and-education-what-do-we-really-know
Constitución de la Republica de Honduras. 1982. “Decreto Numero 131.” Diario Oficial La Gaceta, No. 23,612.
Cooper, Drury A., Krieckhaus Jonathan, and Lusztig Michael. 2006. “Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Growth.” International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale De Science Politique, 27(2): 121–136.
Corporación Latinobarómetro. 2014. Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco. Santiago, Chile: Corporación Latinobarómetro
ECLAC, FAO, and IICA. 2015. The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: A perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean 2015-2016. San José, C.R.: IICA.
Fisher, Ronald C. 1997. “The effects of state and local public services on economic development.” New England Economic Review; (2): 53-67
Forbes, Kristin J. 2000. “A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth.” American Economic Review, 90(4): 869-887.
Gerring, John, Philip Bond, William T. Barndt, and Carola Moreno. 2005. “Democracy and Economic Growth: A Historical Perspective.” World Politics 57(3): 323-64.
Gollin, Douglas, Stephen Parente, and Richard Rogerson. 2002. “The Role of Agriculture in Development.” American Economic Review, 92(2): 160-164.
Gregory, Paul R., John M. Campbell, and Benjamin Cheng. 1972. “A Cost-Inclusive Simultaneous Equation Model of Birth Rates.” Econometrica, 40(4): 681–687.
Hill, M. Anne and King, Elizabeth M. 1993. Women`s education in developing countries: barriers, benefits, and policies. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
King, Elizabeth M. 1995. “Women`s education and economic well-being. Feminist Economics, 1(2): 21-46
Halter, Daniel, Oechslin, Manuel, and Zweimüller, Josef. 2013. Inequality and Growth: The Neglected Time Dimension.” Journal of Economic Growth, 19(1): 81–104.
Jacinto, Claudia. 2010. Recent trends in technical education in Latin America. Paris, France: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.
Jones, Benjamin F. and Olken, Benajmin A. 2005. “Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth Since World War II.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3): 835-864
Kirby, Douglas, Obasi, Angela, and Laris, Ba A. 2006. “The effectiveness of sex education and HIV education interventions in schools in developing countries.” World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 938, 103-50; discussion 317-41.
Klasen, Stephan. 2002. “Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development.” The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3): 345–373.
Knowles, Stephen, Paula K. Lorgelly, and Dorian Owen. 2002. “Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? Some cross-country empirical evidence.” Oxford Economic Papers, 54(1): 118-149.
La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio; Shleifer, Andrei and Vishny, Robert W. 1998. “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy, 106(6): 1113-55.
Ligon, Ethan and Sadoulet, Elisabeth. 2007. “Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Agricultural Growth on the Distribution of Expenditures”, Background paper for the World Development Report, World Bank. Report No. 41368, Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/660641468321863058/Estimating-the-effects-of-aggregate-agricultural-growth-on-the-distribution-of-expenditures
Ludena, Carlos E. 2010. “Agricultural Productivity Growth, Efficiency Change and Technical Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean” IDB working paper, No. 61. Available at https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/1806
Malthus, Thomas R.1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc.
Martin, Teresa Castro, and Juarez, Fatima. 1995. “The Impact of Womens Education on Fertility in Latin America: Searching for Explanations.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 21(2): 52.
Modi, Vijay; McDade, Susan; Lallement, Dominique, and Saghir, Jamal. 2006. Energy and the Millenium Development Goals. New York: Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme, United Nations Development Programme, UN Millenium Project, and World Bank.
Morris, Cynthia Taft, and Adelman, Irma. 1990. “Comparative Patterns of Economic Development” Journal of Development Economics, 33(2): 385-393
Mulligan, Casey B., Ricard Gil, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 2004. “Do Democracies Have Different Public Policies than Nondemocracies?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(1): 51–74.
Nunn, Nathan, and Qian, Nancy. 2011. “The Potatos Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from an Historical Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (2): 593-650.
Perotti, Roberto.1996. “Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say.” Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2): 149-187.
Persson, Torsten, and Tabellini, Guido. 1994. “Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? Theory and Evidence.” The American Economic Review, 84(3): 600-621.
Przeworski, Adam and Curvale, Carolina. 2008. Does Politics Explain the Economic Gap between the United States and Latin America? In Falling Behind: Explaining the Development Gap Between Latin America and the United States. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 99-133
Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi. 2004. “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165.
Rosa Suazo, Leonidas. 2010. “Religion en el Sistema Juridco Contemporaneo.” (Spanish) XVII Simposio de Derecho y Religión en el Centro Internacional para Estudios de Derecho y Religión. Utah, October 5, 2010.
Rowlingson, Karen. 2011. Does income inequality cause health and social problems?. York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Schultz, Paul T. 1988. “Education investments and returns”, Handbook of Development Economics, 1(1): 543-630.
Singh Susheela, Darroch Jacqueline and Ashford Lori S. 2014. Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health 2014. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute.
Solt, Frederick. 2016. "The Standardized World Income Inequality Database." Social Science Quarterly 97(5):1267-1281.
Speizer, Ilene S., Whittle, Lisa, and Carter, Marion. 2005. “Gender Relations and Reproductive Decision Making in Honduras.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 31(03): 131-139.
Stycos, J. Mayone. 1965. “Opinions of Latin-American Intellectuals on Population Problems and Birth Control.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 360(1): 11–26.
Subbarao, K. and Raney, Laura. 1995. “Social Gains from Female Education: A Cross-National Study.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 44(1): 105-28.
Taylor, Edward J. 1999. “The New Economics of Labour Migration and the Role of Remittances in the Migration Process.” International Migration, 37(1), 63-88.
Thirtle, Colin, Lin, Lin., and Piesse, Jenifer. 2003. “The Impact of Research-Led Agricultural Productivity Growth on Poverty Reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin America.” World Development, 31(12): 1959-1975.
UNESCO. 2013. The state of education in Latin America and the Caribbean: towards a quality education for all - 2015. Santiago: Regional Bureau of Education for Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC / UNESCO Santiago).
United Nations. 1991. “Handbook of Vital Statistics Systems and Methods; Volume 1: Legal, Organizational and Technical Aspects” United Nations Studies in Methods, Glossary, Series F, No. 35,
United Nations. 2003. Population, Education and Development: The Concise Report. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York, NY: United Nations.
Vakis, Renos; Rigolini, Jamele; Lucchetti, Leonardo. 2016. Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean- overview (English). Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
Weintraub, Robert. 1962. “The Birth Rate and Economic Development: An Empirical Study.” Econometrica, 30(4): 812-817.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
105862014
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105862014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蘇彥斌zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Su, Yen Pinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 艾莉亞zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Alfaro, María Gabrielaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 艾莉亞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Alfaro, María Gabrielaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Jul-2018 17:37:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Jul-2018 17:37:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Jul-2018 17:37:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105862014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118307-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105862014zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 摘要
以往許多研究專注於人口對經濟發展的影響，然而這些研究大多未考量人口因素可能會與其他變數對於經濟發展造成交互作用。本論文探討出生率與收入不平等對於經濟發展的效應，試圖填補既有文獻的空缺。本論用使用拉丁美洲與加勒比33個國家從1960年至2015年的資料進行量化分析，實證結果顯示，當一個國家的出生率較高，而且其收入不平等的情況較嚴重時，其經濟發展程度將會較低。同時，本研究亦對於宏都拉斯進行案例研究，質化與量化的分析顯示，當一個行政區有較高的出生率與較嚴重的收入不平等情況，會對於該行政區的經濟發展造成負面影響。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) ABSTRACT

While many studies of economic development examine the effects of demographic factors, few take into account under what conditions certain demographic factors will affect economic development. This thesis aims to fill the empirical gap by focusing on the interactive effect of crude birthrate and income inequality. I argue that the effect of birth rate on economic development is conditional on income inequality. Based on data for 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1960 to 2015, the statistical results demonstrate that a country with a higher birth rate tends to have a much lower level of economic development when that country suffers from serious income inequality. I also conduct a case study of Honduras to demonstrate the mechanism of my theory at the subnational level. The empirical analysis, based on both quantitative and qualitative data, largely support my hypothesis, suggesting that a department tends to be less developed when it has a high birthrate and a high level of income inequality.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgement 1
1.INTRODUCTION 2
2. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 6
2.1 Institutional Approaches 6
2.2 Industrial Structures 10
2.3 Education 13
2.4 Birth Rate, Income Inequality, and Economic Development 16
3. THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF BIRTH RATE AND INCOME INEQUALITY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 23
3.1 Data, Operationalization, and Measurement 23
3.2 Empirical Results 30
4. CASE STUDY: HONDURAS 34
4.1 Introduction 34
4.2 “Ellos No Tenían Televisor”36
4.3 The Religion Institution in Honduras and LAC 42
4.4 Findings 49
4.5 Elite Interview 66
4.6 Discussion and Conclusions 69
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 71
BIBLIOGRAPHY 81
APPENDIX 85		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1779089 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105862014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 出生率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 所得不均zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉丁美洲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 加勒比zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 以宏都拉斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Birth rateen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Income inequalityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin Americaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Caribbeanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hondurasen_US
dc.title (題名) 拉丁美洲與加勒比的出生率、所得不均與經濟發展; 以宏都拉斯為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Birth Rate, Income Inequality, and Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: A Case of Hondurasen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. 2002. “Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4): 1231–94.
Acemoglu, Daron, Suresh Naidu, Pascual Restrepo, and James A. Robinson. 2014. “Democracy does cause growth.” NBER Working Papers 20004, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w20004.
Acemoglu, Daron. 2008. “Oligarchic Vs. Democratic Societies.” Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(1): 1–44.
Adserà, Alícia and Menendez, Alicia. 2011. “Fertility Changes in Latin America in periods of Economic Uncertainty.” Population Studies, 65(1): 37-56
Aghion Philippe, Alesina Alberto, Trebbi Francesco. 2007. “Democracy, Technology, and Growth.” NBER Working Paper No. 13180. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Available at: http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/ftrebbi/research/aat3.pdf
Ahituv, Avner. 2001. “Be fruitful or multiply: On the interplay between fertility and economic development.” Journal of Population Economics, 14(1): 51-71.
Alesina, Alberto, and Dani Rodrik. 1994. “Distributive Politics and Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2): 465–490.
Altimir, Oscar. 1996. “Economic Development and Social Equity: A Latin American Perspective.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 38, (2/3): 47-71.
Banerjee, Abhijit V, and Duflo, Esther. 2003. “Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?” Journal of Economic Growth, 8(3): 267-299.
Barro, Robert. 1999. “Determinants of Democracy.” Journal of Political Economy, 107(S6): S158-S183
Benería, Lourdes, and Gita Sen. 1981. “Accumulation, Reproduction, and Women`s Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited.” Signs, 7(2): 279–298.
Behrman, Jere R. and Deolalikar, Anil B. 1988. “Health and nutrition”, Handbook of Development Economics, 1: 631-711.
Bloom, David E., Canning David and Sevilla Jaypee. 2004. “The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach.” World Development, 32(1): 13.
Brander, James A., and Dowrick, Steve. 1994. “The Role of Fertility and Population in Economic Growth: Empirical results from aggregate cross-national data.” Journal of Population Economics, 7(1): 1-25.
Chaverri, Marcos Carias. 2010. “Análisis de situación de población en Honduras. Población y Desarrollo.” Argonautas y Caminantes, 6(6): 36-39.
Christiaensen, Luc and Lionel Demery. 2007. “Down to Earth: Agriculture and Poverty Reduction in Africa.” Directions in Development; Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6624
Cochrane, Susan Hill. 1979. “Fertility and education: what do we really know?” World Bank staff occasional papers; no. OCP 26. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/550621468765918708/Fertility-and-education-what-do-we-really-know
Constitución de la Republica de Honduras. 1982. “Decreto Numero 131.” Diario Oficial La Gaceta, No. 23,612.
Cooper, Drury A., Krieckhaus Jonathan, and Lusztig Michael. 2006. “Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Growth.” International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale De Science Politique, 27(2): 121–136.
Corporación Latinobarómetro. 2014. Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco. Santiago, Chile: Corporación Latinobarómetro
ECLAC, FAO, and IICA. 2015. The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: A perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean 2015-2016. San José, C.R.: IICA.
Fisher, Ronald C. 1997. “The effects of state and local public services on economic development.” New England Economic Review; (2): 53-67
Forbes, Kristin J. 2000. “A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth.” American Economic Review, 90(4): 869-887.
Gerring, John, Philip Bond, William T. Barndt, and Carola Moreno. 2005. “Democracy and Economic Growth: A Historical Perspective.” World Politics 57(3): 323-64.
Gollin, Douglas, Stephen Parente, and Richard Rogerson. 2002. “The Role of Agriculture in Development.” American Economic Review, 92(2): 160-164.
Gregory, Paul R., John M. Campbell, and Benjamin Cheng. 1972. “A Cost-Inclusive Simultaneous Equation Model of Birth Rates.” Econometrica, 40(4): 681–687.
Hill, M. Anne and King, Elizabeth M. 1993. Women`s education in developing countries: barriers, benefits, and policies. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
King, Elizabeth M. 1995. “Women`s education and economic well-being. Feminist Economics, 1(2): 21-46
Halter, Daniel, Oechslin, Manuel, and Zweimüller, Josef. 2013. Inequality and Growth: The Neglected Time Dimension.” Journal of Economic Growth, 19(1): 81–104.
Jacinto, Claudia. 2010. Recent trends in technical education in Latin America. Paris, France: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.
Jones, Benjamin F. and Olken, Benajmin A. 2005. “Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth Since World War II.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3): 835-864
Kirby, Douglas, Obasi, Angela, and Laris, Ba A. 2006. “The effectiveness of sex education and HIV education interventions in schools in developing countries.” World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 938, 103-50; discussion 317-41.
Klasen, Stephan. 2002. “Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development.” The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3): 345–373.
Knowles, Stephen, Paula K. Lorgelly, and Dorian Owen. 2002. “Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? Some cross-country empirical evidence.” Oxford Economic Papers, 54(1): 118-149.
La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio; Shleifer, Andrei and Vishny, Robert W. 1998. “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy, 106(6): 1113-55.
Ligon, Ethan and Sadoulet, Elisabeth. 2007. “Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Agricultural Growth on the Distribution of Expenditures”, Background paper for the World Development Report, World Bank. Report No. 41368, Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/660641468321863058/Estimating-the-effects-of-aggregate-agricultural-growth-on-the-distribution-of-expenditures
Ludena, Carlos E. 2010. “Agricultural Productivity Growth, Efficiency Change and Technical Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean” IDB working paper, No. 61. Available at https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/1806
Malthus, Thomas R.1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc.
Martin, Teresa Castro, and Juarez, Fatima. 1995. “The Impact of Womens Education on Fertility in Latin America: Searching for Explanations.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 21(2): 52.
Modi, Vijay; McDade, Susan; Lallement, Dominique, and Saghir, Jamal. 2006. Energy and the Millenium Development Goals. New York: Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme, United Nations Development Programme, UN Millenium Project, and World Bank.
Morris, Cynthia Taft, and Adelman, Irma. 1990. “Comparative Patterns of Economic Development” Journal of Development Economics, 33(2): 385-393
Mulligan, Casey B., Ricard Gil, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin. 2004. “Do Democracies Have Different Public Policies than Nondemocracies?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(1): 51–74.
Nunn, Nathan, and Qian, Nancy. 2011. “The Potatos Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from an Historical Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics. 126 (2): 593-650.
Perotti, Roberto.1996. “Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say.” Journal of Economic Growth, 1(2): 149-187.
Persson, Torsten, and Tabellini, Guido. 1994. “Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? Theory and Evidence.” The American Economic Review, 84(3): 600-621.
Przeworski, Adam and Curvale, Carolina. 2008. Does Politics Explain the Economic Gap between the United States and Latin America? In Falling Behind: Explaining the Development Gap Between Latin America and the United States. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 99-133
Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi. 2004. “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165.
Rosa Suazo, Leonidas. 2010. “Religion en el Sistema Juridco Contemporaneo.” (Spanish) XVII Simposio de Derecho y Religión en el Centro Internacional para Estudios de Derecho y Religión. Utah, October 5, 2010.
Rowlingson, Karen. 2011. Does income inequality cause health and social problems?. York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Schultz, Paul T. 1988. “Education investments and returns”, Handbook of Development Economics, 1(1): 543-630.
Singh Susheela, Darroch Jacqueline and Ashford Lori S. 2014. Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health 2014. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute.
Solt, Frederick. 2016. "The Standardized World Income Inequality Database." Social Science Quarterly 97(5):1267-1281.
Speizer, Ilene S., Whittle, Lisa, and Carter, Marion. 2005. “Gender Relations and Reproductive Decision Making in Honduras.” International Family Planning Perspectives, 31(03): 131-139.
Stycos, J. Mayone. 1965. “Opinions of Latin-American Intellectuals on Population Problems and Birth Control.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 360(1): 11–26.
Subbarao, K. and Raney, Laura. 1995. “Social Gains from Female Education: A Cross-National Study.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 44(1): 105-28.
Taylor, Edward J. 1999. “The New Economics of Labour Migration and the Role of Remittances in the Migration Process.” International Migration, 37(1), 63-88.
Thirtle, Colin, Lin, Lin., and Piesse, Jenifer. 2003. “The Impact of Research-Led Agricultural Productivity Growth on Poverty Reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin America.” World Development, 31(12): 1959-1975.
UNESCO. 2013. The state of education in Latin America and the Caribbean: towards a quality education for all - 2015. Santiago: Regional Bureau of Education for Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC / UNESCO Santiago).
United Nations. 1991. “Handbook of Vital Statistics Systems and Methods; Volume 1: Legal, Organizational and Technical Aspects” United Nations Studies in Methods, Glossary, Series F, No. 35,
United Nations. 2003. Population, Education and Development: The Concise Report. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York, NY: United Nations.
Vakis, Renos; Rigolini, Jamele; Lucchetti, Leonardo. 2016. Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean- overview (English). Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
Weintraub, Robert. 1962. “The Birth Rate and Economic Development: An Empirical Study.” Econometrica, 30(4): 812-817.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMPIS.004.2018.A06-