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題名 印尼反恐政策 : 研究分析與探討
Indonesia´s Counterterrorism Policies: An Analytical Framework
作者 薛芝蘭
Sevcikova, Petra
貢獻者 李瓊莉
Lee, Chyungly
薛芝蘭
Sevcikova, Petra
關鍵詞 印尼
印度尼西亚
恐怖主义
反恐
保安
Indonesia
Terrorism
Counterterrorism
Security
日期 2018
上傳時間 17-Jul-2018 11:32:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 長時間以來,包含印度尼西亞在內,全世界不斷受到恐怖主義威脅。 巴厘島爆炸後,印度尼西亞幾乎每年都有襲擊事件發生。 甚者,從敘利亞返回印度尼西亞的聖戰分子情況亦正加劇。 本文旨在介紹印度尼西亞的情況,討論印度尼西亞的反恐政策,特別關注與東盟,澳大利亞和美國的國際合作。合作集中在这些主要领域 - 法律,金融,军事和情报,双边协议和社会交流。 描述這些政策的弱點以及提出印度尼西亞政府如何更有效地減少恐怖分子襲擊該國的風險的建議。
Terrorism worldwide has been a threat for quite long time. Indonesia is not an exception. Since the Bali bombing in 2002, there are attacks happening almost every year. The situation now is getting even more serious with the jihadists that are returning from Syria back to Indonesia. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the situation in Indonesia and discuss Indonesia´s counterterrorism policies with a special focus on its international cooperation with ASEAN, Australia and the United States. The cooperation concentrates on these main fields – Legal, Finance, Military and Intelligence, Bilateral Agreements and Social Communication. The weaknesses of these policies are described as well as some suggestions that outlines how Indonesian government could do better in order to reduce the risks of terrorist attacks in the country.
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Sapiie, M.A. (2018). Jokowi agrees to revive Koopsusgab special forces. Retrieved May 27, 2018 from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/18/jokowi-agrees-to-revive-koopsusgab-special-forces.html
Sebuah Gereja di Palu Dibom (December, 2004). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/91713/sebuah-gereja-di-palu-dibom
Silalahi, L. Prima, E. and Sumber, B. (2004). Teror Bom di Indonesia (Beberapa di Luar Negeri) dari Waktu ke Waktu Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://web.archive.org/web/20110917053949/http://www.tempo.co.id/hg/timeline/2004/04/17/tml%2C20040417-01%2Cid.html
Singh, B. (2017). Jemaah Islamiyah: Still a Latent Threat. Retrieved April 2, 2018 from https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/CO17075.pdf
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Soeriaatmadjam, W. (2017). Indonesia strengthens anti-terror unit Retrieved May 3, 2018 from http://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/indonesia-strengthens-anti-terror-unit
Stamboel, K.A. (2014). Indonesia’s Bureaucracy: From Reform to Transformation. Retrieved May 19, 2018 from http://wa.ipaa.org.au/content/docs/IPAA2014/resources/presentations/14d/Indonesia_sBureaucracyReform2014.pdf
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Strang, R. (2008). ”More Adversarial, but not Completely Adversarial”: Reformasi of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. Retrieved December 26, 2018, from https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2191&context=ilj
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Suicide Bomber Attacks Indonesian Police During Prayer (April, 2011). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/suicide-bomber-attacks-indonesian-police-during-prayer
Sukma, R. (n.d.). Indonesia´s security outlook, defence policy and regional cooperation. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/joint_research/series5/pdf/5-1.pdf
Sumpter, C. (2017). R Reintegrating Extremist Prisoners in Indonesia: Easier Said Than Done. Retrieved May 17, 2018 from https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/reintegrating-extremist-prisoners-in-indonesia-easier-said-than-done/
Tehusijarana, M. and Ompusunggu, M. (2018) What is JAD? Terror group behind Mako Brimob riot, Surabaya bombings. Retrieved May 17, from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/14/what-is-jad-terror-group-behind-mako-brimob-riot-surabaya-bombings.html
Telly, N. (2018). Five Killed in Attack on Riau Police HQ. Retrieved May 18, 2018 from http://jakartaglobe.id/news/five-killed-attack-riau-police-hq/
Teroris Incar Gereja Christ Cathedral (April, 2011). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/04/21/18142960/teroris.incar.gereja.christ.cathedral
Terorisme dan Perppu No.1 Tahun 2002. (2002, December). Retrieved September 26, 2017, from http://www.ylbhi.or.id/2002/12/terorisme-dan-perppu-no-1-tahun-2002/
Terorisme. (n.d.). Retrieved September 22, 2017, from https://kbbi.web.id/terorisme.
Terrorism. (2016, May 03). Retrieved September 20, 2017, from https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorism
Terrorism in Indonesia funded via social media (2017). Retrieved May 3, 2018 from http://www.tnp.sg/news/world/terrorism-indonesia-funded-social-media
The World Factbook: INDONESIA. (2018, March 15). Retrieved March 18, 2018, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
Tiga polisi Papua tewas diserang di Pirime Jayawijaya (November, 2012). Retrieved April 16, 2018 from http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2012/11/121126_papuapolice.shtml
Tisnadibrata, I.L. (May, 2015). Social Media Phenomenon of ‘Jihad Selfies’ Spreading. Retrieved April 2, 2018 from https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/jihad-selfie-05052015145345.html
Transparency International (2018). Corruption Perceptions Index 2017. Retrieved June, 2018 from https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017
Types of Terrorism and Their Linguistic Techniques and Strategies (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018 from https://www.freeprojecttopics.com/projects/linguistics/types-terrorism-linguistic-techniques-strategies/
UNESCO preventing terrorism through education – guide for policymakers (2017). Retrieved May, 2018,from UNESCO website: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002477/247764e.pdf
Varagur, K. (2016). Ex-Jihadists Try to Curb IS Appeal in Indonesia. Retrieved May 16, 2018 from https://www.voanews.com/a/ex-jihadists-try-to-curb-islamic-state-appeal-in-indonesia/3572693.html
Varagur, K. (2015). World’s Largest Islamic Organization Tells ISIS To Get Lost. Retrieved April 28, 2018 from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/indonesian-muslims-counter-isis_us_565c737ae4b072e9d1c26bda
Victim speaks 10 years after 2005 Bali bombings (2015). Retrieved May 3, 2018 from https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/world/2015/10/01/victim-speaks-10-year-anniversary-2005-bali-bombings/
Wanandi, J. (2002). Islam in Indonesia: Its History, Development and Future Challenges. Retrieved April 23, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1080/1343900022000036115
Was wir über den Anschlag in Berlin wissen (December, 2016). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2016-12/berlin-breitscheidplatz-gedaechtniskirche-weihnachtsmarkt
What happened at the Bataclan? (December, 2015). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497
Widjaya, J. Y. H. (2007). Counter-terrorism in Indonesia: velvet-glove approach works. Retrieved March, 2018 from https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CO07117.pdf
Wilts, A. (2017). Donald Trump says `end of Isis caliphate is in sight` after de-facto capital of Raqqa recaptured. Retrieved May 4, 2018 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/isis-donald-trump-raqqa-recaptured-syria-end-of-caliphate-in-sight-terror-attacks-threat-latest-a8013196.html
Wulandari, F. (2002). Dark Clouds Hang over Indonesian Tourism after Bali Bomb Blasts Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/dark-clouds-hang-over-indonesian-tourism-after-bali-bomb-blasts
Xialin, M. “Densus 88” Indonesia’s Heroes or Death Squad? (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://theglobalenquirer.news/2016/04/18/densus-88-indonesias-heroes-or-death-squad/
Yang, J. H. (2013). Counter-terrorism in Indonesia: enter the TNI’s task force. Retrieved March 18, 2018, from https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/20157/RSIS1822013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Zalman, A. (March 2018). Definitions of Terrorism. Retrieved March 26, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definitions-of-terrorism-3209375
Zalman, A. (March, 2017). Narcoterrorism. Retrieved April 12, 2018 from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-narcoterrorism-3209253
Zenn, J. (2011). Indonesia’s “Ghost Birds” Tackle Islamist Terrorists: A Profile of Densus 88. Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://jamestown.org/program/indonesias-ghost-birds-tackle-islamist-terrorists-a-profile-of-densus-88/
Zhou, N. (August, 2017). Timeline of terror in Spain: how Barcelona and Cambrils attacks unfolded. Retrieved April 1, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/18/terror-timeline-of-barcelona-and-cambrils-attacks-and-other-terror-raids

Journal articles
Bakker, E. (2012). A Fear Management Approach to Counter-Terrorism. British Journal Of Criminology, 51(1), 75-94.
Hamin, Z., Omar, N., & Rosli, W. R. W. (2016). Airing dirty laundry: Reforming the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing regime in Malaysia. Global Jurist, 16(1), 127-139.
Pok, W. C., Omar, N., & Sathye, M. (2014). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Anti‐money Laundering and Anti‐terrorism Financing Legislation: Perceptions of Bank Compliance Officers in Malaysia. Australian Accounting Review.
Ramakrishna, K. (2006). "The Southeast Asian Approach" to Counter-Terrorism: Learning from Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Conflict Studies, Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/189
Spalek, B., & Lambert, R. (2008). Muslim communities, counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation: A critically reflective approach to engagement. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.
Zubair, A. A. Q., Oseni, U. A., & Yasin, N. M. (2015). Anti-Terrorism Financing Laws in Malaysia: Current Trends and Developments. IIUM Law Journal.

Press Release
Australian Embassy, Indonesia (2010). Australia and Indonesia Undertake Joint Naval Operation [Press release]. Retrieved May 2, 2018 from http://indonesia.embassy.gov.au/jakt/MR10_045.html
Parliament of Australia (2016). Indonesia-Australia Ministerial Council on Law and Security [Press release]. Retrieved March, 2018, from http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F4616532%22
United Nations. (2002, October 25). 1267 Committee Adds Name Of An Entity To Its List [Press release]. Retrieved May 12, 2018, from https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/SC7548.doc.htm

Scholarly Project
Azizuddin, M., Sani, M., & Nadaraja, K. (2012). Cooperation between Indonesia and ASEAN to counter terrorism in Indonesia [Scholarly project]. Retrieved from http://repo.uum.edu.my/2545/1/Seniwati_-_ASEAN-INDONESIA_Counter_Terrorism_Cooperation.pdf
Galamas, F. (2015). Terrorism in Indonesia: An Overview [Scholarly project]. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from https://www.academia.edu/12647664/TERRORISM_IN_INDONESIA_AN_OVERVIEW
Lindsey, T. (2012). Indonesia`s New Anti-Terrorism Law: Damned if you Do, Damned if you Don`t. [Scholarly project]. Retrieved May, 2018 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4c19/f842ed12803e4d5ff726185f959e6ff1b606.pdf

Thesis
Linha, M. (2014). Counter-terrorism and social rights: The assessment of adverse effects of counter-terrorism on social rights of families of terror suspects and convicts in Indonesia (Master`s thesis).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
105926009
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105926009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李瓊莉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Chyunglyen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 薛芝蘭zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Sevcikova, Petraen_US
dc.creator (作者) 薛芝蘭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Sevcikova, Petraen_US
dc.date (日期) 2018en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Jul-2018 11:32:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Jul-2018 11:32:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Jul-2018 11:32:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105926009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118711-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105926009zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 長時間以來,包含印度尼西亞在內,全世界不斷受到恐怖主義威脅。 巴厘島爆炸後,印度尼西亞幾乎每年都有襲擊事件發生。 甚者,從敘利亞返回印度尼西亞的聖戰分子情況亦正加劇。 本文旨在介紹印度尼西亞的情況,討論印度尼西亞的反恐政策,特別關注與東盟,澳大利亞和美國的國際合作。合作集中在这些主要领域 - 法律,金融,军事和情报,双边协议和社会交流。 描述這些政策的弱點以及提出印度尼西亞政府如何更有效地減少恐怖分子襲擊該國的風險的建議。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Terrorism worldwide has been a threat for quite long time. Indonesia is not an exception. Since the Bali bombing in 2002, there are attacks happening almost every year. The situation now is getting even more serious with the jihadists that are returning from Syria back to Indonesia. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the situation in Indonesia and discuss Indonesia´s counterterrorism policies with a special focus on its international cooperation with ASEAN, Australia and the United States. The cooperation concentrates on these main fields – Legal, Finance, Military and Intelligence, Bilateral Agreements and Social Communication. The weaknesses of these policies are described as well as some suggestions that outlines how Indonesian government could do better in order to reduce the risks of terrorist attacks in the country.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction 9
1.1. Motivation 11
1.2 Objectives 17
1.3 Research question 17
1.4 Research design 18
1.5 Literature Review 18
1.6 Chapter Organisation 25
2. Nature of Terrorism in Indonesia 27
2.1 Definition of Terrorism 27
2.1.1 Indonesia 27
2.1.2 The United States of America 28
2.1.3 Australia 29
2.1.4 ASEAN 29
2.2 Typology of terrorism 30
2.3 Islam and terrorism in Indonesia 32
2.4 Jemaah Islamiyah, Al Qaeda and ISIS 37
2.5 Terrorist attacks in Indonesia 39
2.6 Summary 39
3. Analytical Framework 41
3.1. Summary 48
4. Indonesia´s Counterterrorism Policies 49
4.1 Indonesia´s Domestic Counterterrorism Strategies 49
4.1.1 Law and Regulations 49
4.1.2 Military, Defence and Intelligence 54
4.1.3 Finance and Economy 60
4.1.4 Indonesia´s Responses to Radicalisation 62
4.2 Indonesia and ASEAN: Counterterrorism 66
4.2.1 Bilateral agreements 67
4.2.2 Military and Intelligence 76
4.2.3 Finance and Economy 77
4.3 Indonesia and Australia 78
4.3.1 Bilateral Agreements 78
4.3.2 Military and Intelligence 80
4.3.3 Finance and Economy 82
4.4 Indonesia and the United States 83
4.4.1 Bilateral Agreements 83
4.4.2 Military and Intelligence 85
4.4.3 Finance and Economy 87
4.5 Summary 89
5 Indonesia´s New Efforts to Counterterrorism 90
5.1 System of imprisonment and Criminal Code 90
5.1.1 Prevention and the Soft Approach 92
5.1.2 Administration and Bureaucracy 94
5.2 Economy and Finance 96
5.3 Military, Defence, Intelligence 98
5.4 Summary 100
6 Conclusion 101
6.1 Contribution and Weaknesses 101
6.2 Conclusion 101
Bibliography 105
Annex 1: Overview of terrorist attacks since Bali bombing 2002 139
Annex 2: Corruption Perception Index 2017 148
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1523131 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105926009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印尼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印度尼西亚zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 恐怖主义zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反恐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保安zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indonesiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Terrorismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Counterterrorismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Securityen_US
dc.title (題名) 印尼反恐政策 : 研究分析與探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Indonesia´s Counterterrorism Policies: An Analytical Frameworken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography

Books
Abuza, Zachary. (2007). Political Islam and violence in Indonesia. London: Routledge
Banlaoi, R.C. (2009). Counter Terrorism Measures in Southeast Asia: How Effective Are They? Manila: Yuchengco Center, De La Salle University
Butt, S. (2008). Anti-terrorism law and criminal process in Indonesia. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
Butt, S., & Lindsey, T. (2012). The constitution of Indonesia: A contextual analysis. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Chalk, P. (2013). Encyclopaedia of Terrorism. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO
Combs, C. C., & Slann, M. (2002). Encyclopedia of terrorism. New York: Facts On File.
Elagab,O. and Elagab, J. (2007). International Law Documents Relating to Terrorism. New York: Routledge-Cavendish.
Emmers, R. (2012). ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East Asia. Routledge: Abingdon, Oxon.
Formichi, Ch. (2012). Islam and the making of the nation : Kartosuwiryo and political Islam in twentieth-century Indonesia. Leiden : KITLV
Freek C. & J. T. Lindblad (eds.), Roots of Violence in Indonesia, Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002.
Haacke, J. and Morada, N. M., eds. (2010) Cooperative security in the Asia-Pacific: the ASEAN Regional Forum. Asian security studies. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Horgan, J. (2005). The psychology of terrorism. London: Routledge.
Isaacson, J. F., & Rubenstein, C. L. (2002). Islam in Asia: Changing political realities. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Jahroni, J. (2004). Defending the Majesty of Islam: Indonesia`s Front Pembela Islam (FPI) 1998-2003. Studia Islamika.
Juwana, H. (2012). Anti-terrorism efforts in Indonesia. In V. Ramraj, M. Hor, K. Roach, & G. Williams (Eds.), Global Anti-Terrorism Law and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McDonald, Hamish. (2014). Demokrasi : Indonesia in the 21st century. Collingwood, VIC : Black Inc.
Mietzner, M.(2008). Military Politics, Islam and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute.
Kushner, H. W. (2003). Encyclopedia of terrorism. London: Sage Publications.
Narendra, DS. (2015). Teror Bom Jamaah Islamiyah. Pionir Ebook
Porter, D. J. (2002). Managing politics and Islam in Indonesia. London ; New York : RoutledgeCurzon
Singh, B. (2002). Defense Relations between Australia and Indonesia in the Post-Cold War Era. Westport, Conn.: Praeger
Taylor, B. (2008). Australia as an Asia-Pacific Regional Power. London: Routledge.
Thackrah, R.J. (2003). Dictionnary of terrorism. London ; New York : Routledge
Townshend, C. (2003). Terrorism: A very short introduction. USA: Oxford University Press
Watsons, C.A. (2002). US National Security. Santa Barbara: Abc.Clio
Wilson, Chris. (2008). Ethno-religious violence in Indonesia : from soil to God. London ; New York : Routledge
Worden , R., & Frederick, W. (2011). Indonesia: A country study. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Conference papers
Rastegari, B., & Nordin, R. (2001). Counter-Terrorism Legislation: Human Rights vs. Peace and Security. Malaysia as a Case Study.
Yunos, Z., & Ahmad, R. (2014, November). Evaluating cyber terrorism components in Malaysia. In Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), 2014 The 5th International Conference.
Government and Organisations´ Documents

1971 Zone of peace, freedom and neutrality declaration (1971). Retrieved November, 2017, from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Transnational/zone.pdf
About ASEANAPOL (n.d.). Retrieved May 25, 2018 from http://www.aseanapol.org/about-aseanapol
A Compilation of ASEAN Declarations, Joint Declarations, and Statements on Combating
Transnational Crime and Terrorism (2007). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/documents/DocSeriesOnTC.pdf
Agreement between Australia and the Republic of Indonesia on the framework for Security Cooperation. (2006). Retrieved March, 2018, from Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website file:///C:/Users/u%C5%BEivatel/Downloads/http___www.aphref.aph.gov.au_house_committee_jsct_6december2006_treaties_indonesia_nia.pdf
Transnational Crime and Terrorism (2007). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://www.asean.org/storage/images/archive/documents/DocSeriesOnTC.pdf
ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism (2001). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://asean.org/?static_post=2001-asean-declaration-on-joint-action-to-counter-terrorism
ASEAN Security Outlook 2013 (2013). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://asean.org/?static_post=asean-security-outlook-2013
ASEAN Security Outlook 2017 (2017). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://www.fsi.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ASEAN-SECURITY-OUTLOOK-2017.pdf
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945, last amended 2002). Retrieved December, 2017, from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_174556.pdf
Counter Terrorism Financing Summit (2017). Retrieved March, 2018, from Australian Government website: http://www.austrac.gov.au/counter-terrorism-financing-summit-2016
Countries/Jurisdictions of Primary Concern - Indonesia (Rep.). (n.d.). Retrieved April, 2018, from US Department of State website: https://www.state.gov/j/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2015/vol2/239080.htm
Declaration of ASEAN Concord (Bali Concord II) (2012). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://asean.org/?static_post=declaration-of-asean-concord-ii-bali-concord-ii
Defence White Paper. (2015). Defence Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2018 from US Department of State website: https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108407.htm
Indonesia, Defence Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia. (2015). Defence White Paper 2015. Retrieved January, 2018, from https://www.kemhan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2015-INDONESIA-DEFENCE-WHITE-PAPER-ENGLISH-VERSION.pdf
Indonesia development cooperation – completed programs (n.d.). Retrieved March, 2018, from Australian Government website: http://dfat.gov.au/geo/indonesia/development-assistance/Pages/indonesia-development-cooperation-completed-programs.aspx
Penal Code of Indonesia. (1982). Jakarta: Ministry of Justice.
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. (2002). Jakarta: National Information Agency, Republic of Indonesia.
The Sydney Communique (2015). Retrieved May, 2018, from Australian Government website: http://www.austrac.gov.au/sydney-communique

Internet articles
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Wulandari, F. (2002). Dark Clouds Hang over Indonesian Tourism after Bali Bomb Blasts Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/dark-clouds-hang-over-indonesian-tourism-after-bali-bomb-blasts
Xialin, M. “Densus 88” Indonesia’s Heroes or Death Squad? (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://theglobalenquirer.news/2016/04/18/densus-88-indonesias-heroes-or-death-squad/
Yang, J. H. (2013). Counter-terrorism in Indonesia: enter the TNI’s task force. Retrieved March 18, 2018, from https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/20157/RSIS1822013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Zalman, A. (March 2018). Definitions of Terrorism. Retrieved March 26, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definitions-of-terrorism-3209375
Zalman, A. (March, 2017). Narcoterrorism. Retrieved April 12, 2018 from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-narcoterrorism-3209253
Zenn, J. (2011). Indonesia’s “Ghost Birds” Tackle Islamist Terrorists: A Profile of Densus 88. Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://jamestown.org/program/indonesias-ghost-birds-tackle-islamist-terrorists-a-profile-of-densus-88/
Zhou, N. (August, 2017). Timeline of terror in Spain: how Barcelona and Cambrils attacks unfolded. Retrieved April 1, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/18/terror-timeline-of-barcelona-and-cambrils-attacks-and-other-terror-raids

Journal articles
Bakker, E. (2012). A Fear Management Approach to Counter-Terrorism. British Journal Of Criminology, 51(1), 75-94.
Hamin, Z., Omar, N., & Rosli, W. R. W. (2016). Airing dirty laundry: Reforming the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing regime in Malaysia. Global Jurist, 16(1), 127-139.
Pok, W. C., Omar, N., & Sathye, M. (2014). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Anti‐money Laundering and Anti‐terrorism Financing Legislation: Perceptions of Bank Compliance Officers in Malaysia. Australian Accounting Review.
Ramakrishna, K. (2006). "The Southeast Asian Approach" to Counter-Terrorism: Learning from Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Conflict Studies, Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/189
Spalek, B., & Lambert, R. (2008). Muslim communities, counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation: A critically reflective approach to engagement. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.
Zubair, A. A. Q., Oseni, U. A., & Yasin, N. M. (2015). Anti-Terrorism Financing Laws in Malaysia: Current Trends and Developments. IIUM Law Journal.

Press Release
Australian Embassy, Indonesia (2010). Australia and Indonesia Undertake Joint Naval Operation [Press release]. Retrieved May 2, 2018 from http://indonesia.embassy.gov.au/jakt/MR10_045.html
Parliament of Australia (2016). Indonesia-Australia Ministerial Council on Law and Security [Press release]. Retrieved March, 2018, from http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F4616532%22
United Nations. (2002, October 25). 1267 Committee Adds Name Of An Entity To Its List [Press release]. Retrieved May 12, 2018, from https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/SC7548.doc.htm

Scholarly Project
Azizuddin, M., Sani, M., & Nadaraja, K. (2012). Cooperation between Indonesia and ASEAN to counter terrorism in Indonesia [Scholarly project]. Retrieved from http://repo.uum.edu.my/2545/1/Seniwati_-_ASEAN-INDONESIA_Counter_Terrorism_Cooperation.pdf
Galamas, F. (2015). Terrorism in Indonesia: An Overview [Scholarly project]. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from https://www.academia.edu/12647664/TERRORISM_IN_INDONESIA_AN_OVERVIEW
Lindsey, T. (2012). Indonesia`s New Anti-Terrorism Law: Damned if you Do, Damned if you Don`t. [Scholarly project]. Retrieved May, 2018 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4c19/f842ed12803e4d5ff726185f959e6ff1b606.pdf

Thesis
Linha, M. (2014). Counter-terrorism and social rights: The assessment of adverse effects of counter-terrorism on social rights of families of terror suspects and convicts in Indonesia (Master`s thesis).
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMAS.002.2018.A07-