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題名 瑪莎．諾曼《晚安，母親》中的家庭權力與反抗
Domestic power and resistance in Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother作者 陳彥臻
Chen, Yen-Chen貢獻者 姜翠芬
Jiang, Tsui-Fen
陳彥臻
Chen, Yen-Chen關鍵詞 瑪莎．諾曼
《晚安，母親》
養育
家庭權力
父權意識形態
抵抗
Marsha Norman
’night, Mother
Mothering
Domestic power
Patriarchal ideology
Resistance日期 2019 上傳時間 7-Aug-2019 15:41:55 (UTC+8) 摘要 在二十世紀，女性依然受到家庭與社會中父權意識形態的壓迫。核心家庭的孤立不僅使其擁有更多隱私，也導致家庭成員與親朋好友們隔離。此外，在父權社會的性別分工之下，女性於職場中通常位居劣勢並被隔離至家庭領域中。因此女性――尤其是母親――被迫負責家務工作與照顧家庭，包括養育孩子的重責大任。依賴科學的養育方法與母親角色的理想化同時造成母親受限於家庭環境與養育孩子過程，並為其所苦。 本篇論文旨在探討《晚安，母親》中塞爾瑪囿於家庭與養育孩子的過程，受苦的同時也壓迫潔西，但兩人皆反抗父權的壓迫。在獨自撫養患有癲癇的女兒之過程中，塞爾瑪無可避免受到父權意識形態宰制的養育標準所壓迫，最終在這樣的過程裡變得被動消極。為了達成養育孩子的標準，她被迫將附和此標準的特定價值強加於潔西身上，並導致潔西在養育過程中受到傷害。然而，塞爾瑪和潔西或多或少透過顯著或細微的想法與行動反抗壓迫的困境。相較於塞爾瑪只在女兒將自盡的這個夜晚表達對於自己不幸婚姻的真實感受，潔西則透過自身養育孩子時的獨立思考、對於家庭與婚姻的不同態度、甚至是自殺的最終手段，持續反抗父權意識形態並奪回自主權。
In the twentieth century, women are still oppressed by patriarchal ideology in the family and in society. The isolation of nuclear family not only leads to more privacy in the family but also makes family members isolated from their relatives and friends. In addition, under the sexual division of labor, women are usually disadvantaged in workplace and segregated into the domestic sphere in the patriarchal society. As a result, women, especially mothers, are forced to be responsible for the domestic work and taking care of the family, especially childrearing. At the same time, the scientific ways of mothering and the idealization of mother’s role influence mother, and therefore she suffers from the confined domestic environment and the process of mothering.This thesis argues that in ’night, Mother, Thelma is victimized in such restricted condition in the family and her mothering process, and her suffering eventually leads to Jessie’s oppression, but both of them also fight against the patriarchal oppression. During the process of raising her epileptic daughter alone, Jessie, Thelma is inevitably oppressed by the standard of mothering reinforced by the patriarchal ideology and eventually passively engaged in the process of mothering. In order to reach the standard, she is compelled to impose certain values upon Jessie, who consequently suffers from Thelma’s damaging mothering. However, to a greater or lesser extent both Thelma and Jessie resist the repressive predicament through minor or significant thoughts and actions. While Thelma only expresses her true feeling towards her unhappy marriage that night, Jessie has endeavored to fight against the patriarchal ideology through her independent thinking revealed in mothering, her attitudes towards family and marriage, and her ultimate action of obtaining her autonomy by committing suicide.參考文獻 Works Cited Adams, Bert N. The Family, a Sociological Interpretation. 3rd ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1980.Apple, Rima D.. “Constructing Mothers: Scientific Motherhood in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” American Families Past and Present: Social Perspectives on Transformations, edited by Susan M. Ross, Rutgers UP, 2006, pp. 191-207.Beauvoir, Simon de. The Second Sex. Translated by H. M. Parshley, Vintage Books, 1989.Browder, Sally. “‘I Thought You Were Mine’: Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother.” Mother Puzzles: Daughters and Mothers in Contemporary American Literature, edited by Mickey Pearlman, Greenwood, 1989, pp. 109-13.Brown, Linda Ginger. “A Place at the Table: Hunger as Metaphor in Lillian Hellman’s Days to Come and Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother.” Marsha Norman: A Casebook, edited by Linda Ginter Brown, Garland, 1996, pp. 63-85.Burke, Sally. “Precursor and Protégé: Lillian Hellman and Marsha Norman.” Southern Women Playwrights—New Essays in Literary History and Criticism, edited by Robert L. McDonald and Linda Rohrer Paige, Alabama UP, 2002, pp. 103-23.Chodorow, Nancy. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. U of California P, 1978.Chodorow, Nancy and Susan Contratto. “The Fantasy of the Perfect Mother.” Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions, edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalom, Longman, 1982, pp. 54-75.Dally, Ann G. Inventing Motherhood: the Consequences of an Ideal. Burnett Books, 1982.Degler, Carl N. “The Emergence of the Modern American Family.” The American Family in Social-Historical Perspective, edited by Michael Gordon, 3rd ed., St. Martin’s P, 1983, pp. 61-79.del Mar, David Peterson. The American Family: from Obligation to Freedom. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.Delphy, Christine. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women’s Oppression. U of Massachusetts P, 1984.Delphy, Christine and Diana Leonard. Familiar Exploitation: A New Analysis of Marriage in Contemporary Western Societies. Polity P, 1992.Demastes, William W.. “Jessie and Thelma Revisited: Marsha Norman’s Conceptual Challenge in ‘night, Mother.” Modern Drama, vol. 36, no. 1, 1993, pp. 109-19.“family, n. and adj.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/67975. Accessed 29 June 2019.“father, v.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/68499. Accessed 29 June 2019.Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Translated by Robert Hurley, vol. 1, Pantheon Books, 1978.Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. 30th Anniversary ed., Continuum, 2000.Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Penguin Books, 1968.Grantley, Darryll. “Marsha Norman.” American Drama. Edited by Clive Bloom, St. Martin’s, 1995.Irigaray, Luce, and Hélène Vivienne Wenzel. “And the One Doesn`t Stir without the Other.” Signs, vol. 7, no. 1, 1981, pp. 60–67. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3173507.Jaggar, Alison M.. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Rowman & Littlefield, 1983.Kane, Leslie. “The Way out, the Way in: Paths to Self in the Plays of Marsha Norman.” Feminine Focus: The New Women Playwrights. Edited by Enoch Brater, Oxford UP, 1989, pp. 255-74.Kintz, Linda. The Subject’s Tragedy: Political Poetics, Feminist Theory, and Drama. Michigan UP, 1992.Kundert-Gibbs, John. “Revolving It All: Mother-Daughter Pairs in Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother and Samuel Beckett’s Footfalls.” Marsha Norman: A Casebook, edited by Linda Ginter Brown, Garland, 1996, pp. 47-62.Miller, Jordan Y., editor. The Heath Introduction to Drama. 5th ed., D. C. Heath, 1996.“mother, v.1.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/122642. Accessed 29 June 2019.Norman, Marsha. ’night, Mother. Dramatists Play Service, 1983.“oppression, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/132008. Accessed 29 June 2019.Paige, Linda Rohrer. “‘Off the Porch and into the Scene’: Southern Women Playwrights Beth Henley, Marsha Norman, Rebecca Gilman, and Jane Martin.” A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama, edited by. David Krasner, Blackwell, 2005, pp. 388-405.Ruddick, Sara. “Maternal Thinking.” Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions, edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalom, Longman, 1982, pp. 76-94.Savran, David. “Marsha Norman.” In their Own Words—Contemporary American Playwrights, Theatre Communications Group, 1988, pp. 178-92.Spencer, Jenny S.. “Marsha Norman’s She-tragedies.” Making a Spectacle: Feminist Essays on Contemporary Women’s Theatre, edited by Lynda Hart, U of Michigan P, 1989, pp. 147-65.---. “Norman’s ’night, Mother: Psycho-drama of Female Identity.” Modern Drama, vol. 30, no. 3, 1987, pp. 364-75.Sontag, Susan. Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors. Picador, 1990.Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parsons, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
102551008資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102551008 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Jiang, Tsui-Fen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳彥臻 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Yen-Chen en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳彥臻 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yen-Chen en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 7-Aug-2019 15:41:55 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 7-Aug-2019 15:41:55 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Aug-2019 15:41:55 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102551008 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124615 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102551008 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在二十世紀，女性依然受到家庭與社會中父權意識形態的壓迫。核心家庭的孤立不僅使其擁有更多隱私，也導致家庭成員與親朋好友們隔離。此外，在父權社會的性別分工之下，女性於職場中通常位居劣勢並被隔離至家庭領域中。因此女性――尤其是母親――被迫負責家務工作與照顧家庭，包括養育孩子的重責大任。依賴科學的養育方法與母親角色的理想化同時造成母親受限於家庭環境與養育孩子過程，並為其所苦。 本篇論文旨在探討《晚安，母親》中塞爾瑪囿於家庭與養育孩子的過程，受苦的同時也壓迫潔西，但兩人皆反抗父權的壓迫。在獨自撫養患有癲癇的女兒之過程中，塞爾瑪無可避免受到父權意識形態宰制的養育標準所壓迫，最終在這樣的過程裡變得被動消極。為了達成養育孩子的標準，她被迫將附和此標準的特定價值強加於潔西身上，並導致潔西在養育過程中受到傷害。然而，塞爾瑪和潔西或多或少透過顯著或細微的想法與行動反抗壓迫的困境。相較於塞爾瑪只在女兒將自盡的這個夜晚表達對於自己不幸婚姻的真實感受，潔西則透過自身養育孩子時的獨立思考、對於家庭與婚姻的不同態度、甚至是自殺的最終手段，持續反抗父權意識形態並奪回自主權。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the twentieth century, women are still oppressed by patriarchal ideology in the family and in society. The isolation of nuclear family not only leads to more privacy in the family but also makes family members isolated from their relatives and friends. In addition, under the sexual division of labor, women are usually disadvantaged in workplace and segregated into the domestic sphere in the patriarchal society. As a result, women, especially mothers, are forced to be responsible for the domestic work and taking care of the family, especially childrearing. At the same time, the scientific ways of mothering and the idealization of mother’s role influence mother, and therefore she suffers from the confined domestic environment and the process of mothering.This thesis argues that in ’night, Mother, Thelma is victimized in such restricted condition in the family and her mothering process, and her suffering eventually leads to Jessie’s oppression, but both of them also fight against the patriarchal oppression. During the process of raising her epileptic daughter alone, Jessie, Thelma is inevitably oppressed by the standard of mothering reinforced by the patriarchal ideology and eventually passively engaged in the process of mothering. In order to reach the standard, she is compelled to impose certain values upon Jessie, who consequently suffers from Thelma’s damaging mothering. However, to a greater or lesser extent both Thelma and Jessie resist the repressive predicament through minor or significant thoughts and actions. While Thelma only expresses her true feeling towards her unhappy marriage that night, Jessie has endeavored to fight against the patriarchal ideology through her independent thinking revealed in mothering, her attitudes towards family and marriage, and her ultimate action of obtaining her autonomy by committing suicide. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsAcknowledgements iiiChinese Abstract viiEnglish Abstract ixChapter 1 Introduction 1 Literature Review 4 My Argument 8 Theoretical Framework 10 Organization 12Chapter 2 The Domestic Repression of Women 13 Domestic Power Relation 14 Mothering under Patriarchal Ideology 20 The Oppressed Mother and Children 27Chapter 3 Women’s Resistance to Patriarchy 39 From Oppression to Resistance 39 The Resistance from Thelma 42 Jessie’s Resistant Actions 45Chapter 4 Conclusion 53Works Cited 55 zh_TW dc.format.extent 574973 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102551008 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瑪莎．諾曼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《晚安，母親》 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 養育 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 家庭權力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 父權意識形態 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抵抗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Marsha Norman en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ’night, Mother en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mothering en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Domestic power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Patriarchal ideology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Resistance en_US dc.title (題名) 瑪莎．諾曼《晚安，母親》中的家庭權力與反抗 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Domestic power and resistance in Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works Cited Adams, Bert N. The Family, a Sociological Interpretation. 3rd ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1980.Apple, Rima D.. “Constructing Mothers: Scientific Motherhood in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” American Families Past and Present: Social Perspectives on Transformations, edited by Susan M. Ross, Rutgers UP, 2006, pp. 191-207.Beauvoir, Simon de. The Second Sex. Translated by H. M. Parshley, Vintage Books, 1989.Browder, Sally. “‘I Thought You Were Mine’: Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother.” Mother Puzzles: Daughters and Mothers in Contemporary American Literature, edited by Mickey Pearlman, Greenwood, 1989, pp. 109-13.Brown, Linda Ginger. “A Place at the Table: Hunger as Metaphor in Lillian Hellman’s Days to Come and Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother.” Marsha Norman: A Casebook, edited by Linda Ginter Brown, Garland, 1996, pp. 63-85.Burke, Sally. “Precursor and Protégé: Lillian Hellman and Marsha Norman.” Southern Women Playwrights—New Essays in Literary History and Criticism, edited by Robert L. McDonald and Linda Rohrer Paige, Alabama UP, 2002, pp. 103-23.Chodorow, Nancy. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. U of California P, 1978.Chodorow, Nancy and Susan Contratto. “The Fantasy of the Perfect Mother.” Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions, edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalom, Longman, 1982, pp. 54-75.Dally, Ann G. Inventing Motherhood: the Consequences of an Ideal. Burnett Books, 1982.Degler, Carl N. “The Emergence of the Modern American Family.” The American Family in Social-Historical Perspective, edited by Michael Gordon, 3rd ed., St. Martin’s P, 1983, pp. 61-79.del Mar, David Peterson. The American Family: from Obligation to Freedom. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.Delphy, Christine. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women’s Oppression. U of Massachusetts P, 1984.Delphy, Christine and Diana Leonard. Familiar Exploitation: A New Analysis of Marriage in Contemporary Western Societies. Polity P, 1992.Demastes, William W.. “Jessie and Thelma Revisited: Marsha Norman’s Conceptual Challenge in ‘night, Mother.” Modern Drama, vol. 36, no. 1, 1993, pp. 109-19.“family, n. and adj.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/67975. Accessed 29 June 2019.“father, v.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/68499. Accessed 29 June 2019.Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Translated by Robert Hurley, vol. 1, Pantheon Books, 1978.Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. 30th Anniversary ed., Continuum, 2000.Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Penguin Books, 1968.Grantley, Darryll. “Marsha Norman.” American Drama. Edited by Clive Bloom, St. Martin’s, 1995.Irigaray, Luce, and Hélène Vivienne Wenzel. “And the One Doesn`t Stir without the Other.” Signs, vol. 7, no. 1, 1981, pp. 60–67. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3173507.Jaggar, Alison M.. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Rowman & Littlefield, 1983.Kane, Leslie. “The Way out, the Way in: Paths to Self in the Plays of Marsha Norman.” Feminine Focus: The New Women Playwrights. Edited by Enoch Brater, Oxford UP, 1989, pp. 255-74.Kintz, Linda. The Subject’s Tragedy: Political Poetics, Feminist Theory, and Drama. Michigan UP, 1992.Kundert-Gibbs, John. “Revolving It All: Mother-Daughter Pairs in Marsha Norman’s ’night, Mother and Samuel Beckett’s Footfalls.” Marsha Norman: A Casebook, edited by Linda Ginter Brown, Garland, 1996, pp. 47-62.Miller, Jordan Y., editor. The Heath Introduction to Drama. 5th ed., D. C. Heath, 1996.“mother, v.1.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/122642. Accessed 29 June 2019.Norman, Marsha. ’night, Mother. Dramatists Play Service, 1983.“oppression, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, June 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/132008. Accessed 29 June 2019.Paige, Linda Rohrer. “‘Off the Porch and into the Scene’: Southern Women Playwrights Beth Henley, Marsha Norman, Rebecca Gilman, and Jane Martin.” A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama, edited by. David Krasner, Blackwell, 2005, pp. 388-405.Ruddick, Sara. “Maternal Thinking.” Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions, edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalom, Longman, 1982, pp. 76-94.Savran, David. “Marsha Norman.” In their Own Words—Contemporary American Playwrights, Theatre Communications Group, 1988, pp. 178-92.Spencer, Jenny S.. “Marsha Norman’s She-tragedies.” Making a Spectacle: Feminist Essays on Contemporary Women’s Theatre, edited by Lynda Hart, U of Michigan P, 1989, pp. 147-65.---. “Norman’s ’night, Mother: Psycho-drama of Female Identity.” Modern Drama, vol. 30, no. 3, 1987, pp. 364-75.Sontag, Susan. Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors. Picador, 1990.Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parsons, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU201900438 en_US
