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題名 美國及印度對我國反傾銷調查案例研究：以基本金屬及化學品傾銷調查為例
A Study on Anti-Dumping Investigation in the United States and India: the Cases of Base Metals and Chemical Products
作者 董芷均
Dong, Jhih-Jyun
貢獻者 陳純一
Chen, Chun-i
董芷均
Dong, Jhih-Jyun
關鍵詞 反傾銷
WTO
基本金屬及其製品
化學品
美國
印度
實質損害
傾銷幅度
Anti-dumping
WTO
the United States
India
Base Mmetals
Products of the Chemical
Material Injury
Margin of Dumping
日期 2020
上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 18:29:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文研究目的在於瞭解為何我國基本金屬及其製品與化學品，分別經常面對來自美國及印度的反傾銷調查，並被課徵反傾銷稅的緣由。故本文探討WTO現行反傾銷制度，並說明美國及印度反傾銷規範，再以實際上我國曾面對的反傾銷調查案例作分析。最後，提出我國在面對反傾銷調查時應對策略，以利我國業者未來在因應反傾銷調查時，能爭取最佳的裁判結果。
經探討WTO、美國及印度反傾銷制度，與我國面對反傾銷調查的實際案例，得知在WTO運作多年後，許多國家開始修正貿易政策，試圖在追求自由貿易與保護國內產業上取得平衡。而為配合政府政策，國外業者提出的反傾銷調查案件，應會更加頻繁，身為出口導向貿易國，我國業者將持續面對調查的可能性勢必仍高。為提升我國業者因應反傾銷調查的能量，本文歸納3大建議因應對策，分別是：一、事前預防上，政府應建立出口預警機制，並統計出口量、出口價格等資訊，及建立專家學者、律師、會計師資料庫，作為事前準備，降低調查發生時慌亂的狀況；二、事中處置時，當業者面對調查，應詳細回復調查問卷資訊、參與公聽會，並尋求書面及現場查核一致；三、調查發生後，申請政府補助應訴費用，並與其他業者及我國政府代表共同組成遊說團體、聯合產業鏈其他生產階段工會或消費者，避免主管機關裁判時有所偏頗。
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the reason why Taiwan has to face anti-dumping investigation on base metals from the United States, products of the chemical from India. This thesis research on WTO anti-dumping agreement, the United States and India anti-dumping regulations. It also analyzes practical cases from the 2 countries. Then, it will provide the best response strategy when facing anti-dumping investigations and will help firms to fight for the best judgment results.
After discussing the WTO, the United States and India`s anti-dumping regulations, and the cases of Taiwan`s anti-dumping investigations, this thesis includes that as an export-oriented trading country, anti-dumping investigation cases may remain common. In order to respond to anti-dumping investigations, 3 issues shuld be considerated. First, in terms of precautions, government should establish an export early warning system and database including export volume, export price, list of consulting experts, etc. Secondly, when dealing with an investigation, reply to the questionnaire in detail and participate in the hearing. Finally, apply for government subsidies when facing an investigation. Also, lobby the authority with other unions and industries from different positions. After the investigation, establishing product differentiation and monitoring export performance is indispensable.
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二、英文部分
(一)Books
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Tran, A. L., 2012/2. “Dumping and Antidumping in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of Key Issues,” International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-82.

(三)Official Documents
Authority of Congress under the Direction of the Secretary of State, 1917/12. 1916 Income Tax Act, pp. 756-801.
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Federal Register, 2017/10/12. “Forged Steel Fittings from the China, Italy, and Taiwan; Institution of Countervailing Duty and Antidumping Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations, Pakistan and Thailand CESTAT Remand Back,” Vol. 82, No. 196, pp. 47578-47579, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/11/1. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China, Italy, and Taiwan: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 82, No. 210, pp. 50614-50619, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/11/27. “Determinations; Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan,” Vol. 82, No. 226, pp. 56049, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22957-22959, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings from Italy: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22954-22957, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement of Final Determination and Extension of Provisional Measures,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22948-22952, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/6/4. “Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing Duty and AntiDumping Duty Investigations,” Vol. 83, No. 107, pp. 25715-25716, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/7/30. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 146, pp. 36519-36520, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/11/26. “Forged Steel Fittings from China and Italy,” Vol. 83, No. 227, pp. 60445-60446, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/6/19. “Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at a Glance – 2018,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals,
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/8/7. “Annual Report 2017-18,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals,
John Benny, 2018/10/15. “Credit Suisse downgrades U.S. steel sector citing oversupply,” REUTERS,
McKinsey Insights, 2020/2/28. “India’s chemical industry: Unleashing the next wave of growth,” McKinsey & Company,
OXFORD ECONOMICS, 2019/3. “The Global Chemical Industry: Catalyzing Growth and Addressing Our World`s Sustainability Challenges,” Oxford Economics,
Pregledni rad, 2016/3/5. “The United States (U.S.) Steel import crisis and the global production overcapacity till 2016,” Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 538-540, Metalurgija,
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三、中英文官方資料庫部分
India Brand Equity Foundation: Chemicals Industry and Exports: https://www.ibef.org/exports/chemical-industry-india.aspx
Market Insider: Iron Ore in USD – historical Prices: https://markets.businessinsider.com/commodities/historical-prices/iron-ore-price/usd/7.4.2016_7.5.2020
National Investment Promotion and Facilitation Agency: Invest India Chemicals Sector: https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/chemicals
Trading Economics: United States Steel Production: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/steel-production
United States Census Bureau: Top Trading Partners: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/top1812yr.html
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Initiations: by Reporting Member:
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Measures by Exporter: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Countervailing Measures: by Sector: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/CV_MeasuresBySector.pdf
WTO DATA: https://timeseries.wto.org/
法源法律網，辦理推廣貿易業務補助辦法：https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0090027
財政部進出口統計：http://web02.mof.gov.tw/njswww/WebMain.aspx?sys=100&funid=defjsptgl
財政部關務署基隆關關務辭彙：https://keelung.customs.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=58BD38F4400A7167&sms=F6A174A7F58D9580&s=FF6CE97C8B222840
經濟部國際貿易局中華民國進出口統計：
https://cus93.trade.gov.tw/
經濟部貿易調查委員會反傾銷稅及平衡稅相關法規：https://www.moeaitc.gov.tw/ITC/main/content/wfrmContentMenu.aspx?menu_id=266
關港貿單一窗口：稅則稅率綜合查詢作業：https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGQO/GC411
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
106922022
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106922022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳純一zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chun-ien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 董芷均zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Dong, Jhih-Jyunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 董芷均zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Dong, Jhih-Jyunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 18:29:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 18:29:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 18:29:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106922022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131276-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106922022zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文研究目的在於瞭解為何我國基本金屬及其製品與化學品，分別經常面對來自美國及印度的反傾銷調查，並被課徵反傾銷稅的緣由。故本文探討WTO現行反傾銷制度，並說明美國及印度反傾銷規範，再以實際上我國曾面對的反傾銷調查案例作分析。最後，提出我國在面對反傾銷調查時應對策略，以利我國業者未來在因應反傾銷調查時，能爭取最佳的裁判結果。
經探討WTO、美國及印度反傾銷制度，與我國面對反傾銷調查的實際案例，得知在WTO運作多年後，許多國家開始修正貿易政策，試圖在追求自由貿易與保護國內產業上取得平衡。而為配合政府政策，國外業者提出的反傾銷調查案件，應會更加頻繁，身為出口導向貿易國，我國業者將持續面對調查的可能性勢必仍高。為提升我國業者因應反傾銷調查的能量，本文歸納3大建議因應對策，分別是：一、事前預防上，政府應建立出口預警機制，並統計出口量、出口價格等資訊，及建立專家學者、律師、會計師資料庫，作為事前準備，降低調查發生時慌亂的狀況；二、事中處置時，當業者面對調查，應詳細回復調查問卷資訊、參與公聽會，並尋求書面及現場查核一致；三、調查發生後，申請政府補助應訴費用，並與其他業者及我國政府代表共同組成遊說團體、聯合產業鏈其他生產階段工會或消費者，避免主管機關裁判時有所偏頗。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this thesis is to understand the reason why Taiwan has to face anti-dumping investigation on base metals from the United States, products of the chemical from India. This thesis research on WTO anti-dumping agreement, the United States and India anti-dumping regulations. It also analyzes practical cases from the 2 countries. Then, it will provide the best response strategy when facing anti-dumping investigations and will help firms to fight for the best judgment results.
After discussing the WTO, the United States and India`s anti-dumping regulations, and the cases of Taiwan`s anti-dumping investigations, this thesis includes that as an export-oriented trading country, anti-dumping investigation cases may remain common. In order to respond to anti-dumping investigations, 3 issues shuld be considerated. First, in terms of precautions, government should establish an export early warning system and database including export volume, export price, list of consulting experts, etc. Secondly, when dealing with an investigation, reply to the questionnaire in detail and participate in the hearing. Finally, apply for government subsidies when facing an investigation. Also, lobby the authority with other unions and industries from different positions. After the investigation, establishing product differentiation and monitoring export performance is indispensable.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 8
第三節 文獻回顧與分析 12
第四節 研究方法 17
第五節 研究範圍與研究限制 18
第六節 章節安排 21
第二章 反傾銷制度 23
第一節 WTO反傾銷制度 23
第二節 美國反傾銷制度 29
第三節 印度反傾銷制度 40
第四節 本章小結 46
第三章 美國對我國基本金屬及其製品反傾銷調查 49
第一節 基本金屬及其製品產業概況 49
第二節 美國對我國基本金屬及其製品反傾銷案件 61
第三節 個案分析 68
第四節 本章小結 91
第四章 印度對我國化學品反傾銷調查 95
第一節 化學品產業概況 95
第二節 印度對我國化學品反傾銷案件 104
第三節 個案分析 111
第四節 本章小節 127
第五章 結論與建議 131
第一節 研究結論 131
第二節 建議 142
參考文獻 151		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106922022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反傾銷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTOzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 基本金屬及其製品zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 化學品zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 實質損害zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傾銷幅度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anti-dumpingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) WTOen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the United Statesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Base Mmetalsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Products of the Chemicalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Material Injuryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Margin of Dumpingen_US
dc.title (題名) 美國及印度對我國反傾銷調查案例研究：以基本金屬及化學品傾銷調查為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Anti-Dumping Investigation in the United States and India: the Cases of Base Metals and Chemical Productsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
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經濟部國際貿易局，2003/11/3。〈一九九四年關稅暨貿易總協定第六條執行協定（反傾銷協定）〉，《經濟部國際貿易局WTO入口網》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2012/7/18。〈印度反傾銷制度之介紹〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》， 。
經濟部國際貿易局，2013/11/13。〈美國反傾銷法令及調查流程簡介〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2017/10/6。〈美國商務部接獲業者申請 對自我國等3個國家輸美之鍛鋼配件展開反傾銷調查〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2020/4/13。〈各國對我國出口產品採取反傾銷一覽表〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》， 。
經濟部國際貿易局，2018/6/8。〈美國商務部公佈鋼、鋁國家安全調查報告〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2019/7/20。〈本部積極協助我商參與貿易救濟調查，美國國際貿易委員會裁定終止對我國輸美雙腳釘反傾銷調查〉，《中華民國經濟部》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2020/1/30。〈美國將擴大對全球進口鋼品及鋁品加徵關稅〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》，。
經濟部國際貿易局，2020/1/30。〈美國商務部公布擴大加徵232鋼鋁國安關稅之衍生產品清單〉，《經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網》，。
趙廣霞，2019/8/9。〈印度對韓國、臺灣地區和沙烏地阿拉伯丙酮啟動反傾銷日落複審立案調查〉，《中國貿易救濟信息網》，。
趙永紝，2020/5/5。〈原油減產前夕油國大開閘供貨飆升〉，《中時電子報》，。
劉忠勇，2020/1/10。〈中鋼勝訴 銷美碳合金定尺鋼板反傾銷關稅大幅降為6.73〉，《經濟日報》，。
鄭勝得，2020/4/21。〈需求大縮水 美鋼鐵業陷嚴冬〉，《時報資訊》，。
謝佳興，2017/8/31，〈鋼筋遭美課高稅 經部：多為問卷與查核不符〉，《中央廣播電台》，< https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/365932>。
薛乃綺，2019/7/5，〈汽車輕量化材料發展趨勢〉，《材料世界網》，。
櫃檯買賣中心及臺灣證券交易所，2019。〈鋼鐵產業鏈介紹〉，《產業價值鏈加值平台》，。

二、英文部分
(一)Books
Office of The Federal Register, 2014. Title 19 Customs Duties Parts 200 to End. Washington：U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, pp. 96-128.

(二)Articles
John Barcelo, 1972/4. “Antidumping Law as Barriers to Trade: The United States and the International Antidumping Code,” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 498-560.
Marie Louise Hurabiell, 1995/9. “Protectionism versus Free Trade: Implementing the GATT Antidumping Agreement in The United States,” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business Law, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 567-614.
Nandana Baruah, 2007/6/18. “An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Anti‐dumping Behaviour in India,” The World Economy, Vol. 20, Iss. 7, pp. 1033-1191.
Robert E. Baldwin & Jeffrey W. Steagall, 1993/2. “An Analysis of Factors Influencing ITC Decisions in Antidumping, Countervailing Duty and Safeguard Cases,” NBER Working Papers 4282, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., pp. 2-7.
Samir Kumar Singh, 2005/3/12. “An Analysis of Anti-Dumping Cases in India,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1069-1074.
Thomas J. Prusa, 2005/5. “Anti-dumping: A Growing Problem in International Trade,” Rutgers University:The World Economic, Vol. 28, pp. 683-699.
Tran, A. L., 2012/2. “Dumping and Antidumping in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of Key Issues,” International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-82.

(三)Official Documents
Authority of Congress under the Direction of the Secretary of State, 1917/12. 1916 Income Tax Act, pp. 756-801.
Commiitte on Finance United States Senate, 1968/7/5. The Antidumping Act of 1921 and the International Antidumping Code, pp. 1-15.
Commiitte on Finance United States Senate, 1974/12/30. Trade Act of 1974, pp. 1-9.

(四)Internet Resources
American Iron and Steel Institute, 2019/4/3. “2019 Profile of the American Iron and Steel Institute,” pp. 22-27, American Iron and Steel Institute,
Amy Ebben, 2019/12/13. “U.S. Steel Market Update,” pp. 5, ArcelorMittal USA,
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), 2015/4/16. Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, “Seeks to levy anti-dumping duty on import of Acetone,originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia,” Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC),
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2008/1/4. “Antidumping investigations involving imports of Acetone originating in or exported from European Union, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, South Africa & USA.” Case NO. 14/4/2006-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2013/7/23. “Anti-dumping Investigation Concerning Imports of Acetone Originating in or Exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia-Government of India Ministry of Commerce & Industry Department of Commerce,” Case No. : 14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2014/7/23. “Extension of time period for completing the investigation in the antidumping investigation concerning imports of Acetone originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia-reg.” Case No.:14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2014/8/6. “Phenol originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and USA,” Case No.:14/17/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2015/1/22. “Anti-dumping investigation concerning imports of Acetone originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia.” Case No.:14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2016/2/18. “2-Ethyl Hexanol originating in or exported from EU, Indonesia, Korea RP, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Chinese Taipei and USA,” Case No.:14/24/2014-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2017/4/11. “Hydrogen Peroxide originating in or exported from Bangladesh, Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Pakistan and Thailand,” Case No.:14/3/2015-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2018/2/1. “Imports of Methyl Ethyl ketone or MEK,” Case No.:14/26/2016-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2018/4/17. “Hydrogen Peroxide originating in or exported from Bangladesh, Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Pakistan and Thailand CESTAT Remand Back,” Case No.:14/3/2015-DGAD, Department of Commerce,
European Commission, 2014/5/26. “Archive：Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products Statistics - NACE Rev. 2 (French: Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne, 2013),” EUROSTAT,
Federal Register, 1997/5/19. “19 CFR Part 351 et al,” Vol. 62, No.96, pp. 27296-27424, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2016/5/5. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-ToLength Plate From Austria, Belgium, Brazil, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People`s Republic of China, South Africa, Taiwan, and the Republic of Turkey: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 87, pp. 27089-27104, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2016/9/27. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar (Rebar) From Japan, Taiwan, and Turkey; Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 187, pp. 66294-66295, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2016/10/10. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan, Taiwan and Turkey,” Vol. 81, No. 218, pp. 79050, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2016/10/18. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan, Taiwan and the Republic of Turkey: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 201, pp. 71697-71701, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2016/11/14. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-to-Length Plate From Taiwan: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 81, No. 219, pp. 79420-79423, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/3/7. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Taiwan: Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement of Final Determination, and Extension of Provisional Measures,” Vol. 82, No. 43, pp. 12800-12802, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/4/4. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-ToLength Plate From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Negative Determination of Critical Circumstances,” Vol. 85, No. 63, pp. 16372-16375, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/5/22. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From the Republic of Turkey: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 82, No. 97, pp. 23192-23196, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/5/22. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan: Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 82, No. 97, pp. 23195-23196, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/10/2. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Taiwan: Antidumping Duty Order,” Vol. 82, No. 189, pp. 45809-45810, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/10/12. “Forged Steel Fittings from the China, Italy, and Taiwan; Institution of Countervailing Duty and Antidumping Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations, Pakistan and Thailand CESTAT Remand Back,” Vol. 82, No. 196, pp. 47578-47579, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/11/1. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China, Italy, and Taiwan: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 82, No. 210, pp. 50614-50619, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2017/11/27. “Determinations; Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan,” Vol. 82, No. 226, pp. 56049, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22957-22959, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings from Italy: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22954-22957, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement of Final Determination and Extension of Provisional Measures,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22948-22952, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/6/4. “Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing Duty and AntiDumping Duty Investigations,” Vol. 83, No. 107, pp. 25715-25716, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/7/30. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 146, pp. 36519-36520, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Federal Register, 2018/11/26. “Forged Steel Fittings from China and Italy,” Vol. 83, No. 227, pp. 60445-60446, U.S. Government Publishing Office,
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/6/19. “Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at a Glance – 2018,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals,
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/8/7. “Annual Report 2017-18,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals,
John Benny, 2018/10/15. “Credit Suisse downgrades U.S. steel sector citing oversupply,” REUTERS,
McKinsey Insights, 2020/2/28. “India’s chemical industry: Unleashing the next wave of growth,” McKinsey & Company,
OXFORD ECONOMICS, 2019/3. “The Global Chemical Industry: Catalyzing Growth and Addressing Our World`s Sustainability Challenges,” Oxford Economics,
Pregledni rad, 2016/3/5. “The United States (U.S.) Steel import crisis and the global production overcapacity till 2016,” Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 538-540, Metalurgija,
S&P Global Platts, 2020/4/20. “Crude Oil Marketwire,” Platts Market Data – Oil,
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2019/5/19. “Section 232 Tariffs on Aluminum and Steel,” Official website of the Department of Homeland Security,
United States International Trade Commission, 2017/11/30. “Forged Steel Fittings from China, Italy, and Taiwan Investigation Nos. 701-TA-589 and 731-TA-1394-1396 (Preliminary),” Publication 4743, U.S. International Trade Commission,
United States International Trade Commission, 2018/9/20. “Forged Steel Fittings from Taiwan: Investigation No.731-TA-1396(Final),” Publication 4823, U.S. International Trade Commission,
United States International Trade Commission, 2018/8/31. “Forged Steel Fittings from Taiwan Injure U.S. Industry, Says USITC,” U.S. International Trade Commission,
World Steel Association, 2019/12. “STEEL STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2019,” World Steel Association,
World Steel Association, 2019/6/3. “WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2019,” World Steel Association,
World Trade Organization, 1994/4/15. “Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization,” World Trade Organization,
World Trade Organization, 1947/10/30. “The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,” World Trade Organization,
World Trade Organization, 1994/4/15. “Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994,” World Trade Organization,

三、中英文官方資料庫部分
India Brand Equity Foundation: Chemicals Industry and Exports: https://www.ibef.org/exports/chemical-industry-india.aspx
Market Insider: Iron Ore in USD – historical Prices: https://markets.businessinsider.com/commodities/historical-prices/iron-ore-price/usd/7.4.2016_7.5.2020
National Investment Promotion and Facilitation Agency: Invest India Chemicals Sector: https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/chemicals
Trading Economics: United States Steel Production: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/steel-production
United States Census Bureau: Top Trading Partners: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/top1812yr.html
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Initiations: by Reporting Member:
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Measures by Exporter: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Countervailing Measures: by Sector: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/CV_MeasuresBySector.pdf
WTO DATA: https://timeseries.wto.org/
法源法律網，辦理推廣貿易業務補助辦法：https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0090027
財政部進出口統計：http://web02.mof.gov.tw/njswww/WebMain.aspx?sys=100&funid=defjsptgl
財政部關務署基隆關關務辭彙：https://keelung.customs.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=58BD38F4400A7167&sms=F6A174A7F58D9580&s=FF6CE97C8B222840
經濟部國際貿易局中華民國進出口統計：
https://cus93.trade.gov.tw/
經濟部貿易調查委員會反傾銷稅及平衡稅相關法規：https://www.moeaitc.gov.tw/ITC/main/content/wfrmContentMenu.aspx?menu_id=266
關港貿單一窗口：稅則稅率綜合查詢作業：https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGQO/GC411		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202001158en_US