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題名 經驗與反思－論康德先驗反思中的規範性
Experience and Reflection: On the Normativity in Kant’s Transcendental Reflection作者 陳鳴諍
Tan, Ming-Zheng貢獻者 鄭志忠<br>黃冠閔
Jeng, Jyh-Jong<br>Huang, Kuan-Min
陳鳴諍
Tan, Ming-Zheng關鍵詞 先驗反思
規範性
經驗
比較與聯結
判斷
Transcendental Reflection
Normativity
Experience
Comparison and Connection
Judgment日期 2020 上傳時間 2-Sep-2020 12:01:29 (UTC+8) 摘要 康德認為，人類的認知能力是辨解性的、反思性的。然而，「反思」是康德哲學中最艱澀難懂的概念之一。這個概念在不同的問題脈絡中有不同的理論意涵，而康德從未給出一套完整系統性的闡明。更多時候，反思是作為一個解釋的根據，用以闡明康德哲學系統中的其他主張。本論文將研究的重點放在《純粹理性批判》中的一篇附錄──〈歧義篇章〉。儘管〈歧義篇章〉大部分的內容是在批評萊布尼茲哲學，但是本文將嘗試指出，這篇附錄闡明了一套有關人類經驗認知的反思理論。而這一套反思理論的核心概念是「先驗反思」。本文將從人類的經驗認知的角度分析並論證「先驗反思」之中所隱含的規範性意涵。《純粹理性批判》所關注的問題是人類認知能力的範圍與界限，各種表象的有效運用範圍，以及揭發各種隱含在錯誤判斷中的幻相。就此而言，理性的自我批判與自我證成是奠基在先驗反思的規範性之上。本文希望能夠闡明：先驗反思是人類認知的規範性根源，因而是人類認知中不可或缺的部分。
According to Kant, human cognition is characterized as discursive and reflective. However, “reflection” is considered as one of the most obscure concepts in Kant’s critical philosophy. Although the meanings of this concept are various in different contexts of Kant’s philosophical analysis, a comprehensive and systematic exposition to the concept is still lack of. In most cases, “reflection” is laid as a ground for other claims in the system. There is no doubt that the so-called appendix “The Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection” in the Critique of Pure Reason provides a rather complete account for the theory of reflection. Despite being apparently as a systematic critique of Leibniz’s philosophy, this appendix consists of a philosophical insight on how the reflection functions as normative source for human cognitive activities. This study will argue that ‘transcendental reflection’ is a normative source for human cognition due to its characteristics depicted by Kant. These characteristics conform with the idea of critical philosophy when it becomes an unescapable duty for this philosophical programme to determine the legitimate employment of human capacities, their boundaries and limitations, even to uncover unavoidable illusions hidden in human reason. Under this interpretation, the idea of transcendental reflection is not only the main theme of this appendix, but also at the very heart of the critical philosophy.參考文獻 Allison, Henry E. Kant`s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.Arnauld, Antoine, and Pierre Nicole. Logic or the Art of Thinking: containing, besides common rules, several new observations appropriate for forming judgment. Translated by Jill Vance Buroker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Baumgarten, Alexander. Metaphysics: A critical translation with Kant`s elucidations, selected notes, and related materials. London: Bloomsbury, 2014.Bird, Graham. The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago: Open Court, 2006.Brandt, Reinhard. "The Deductions in the Critique of Judgment: Comments on Hampshire and Horstmann." In Kant`s Transcendental Deductions: the Three Critiques and the Opus Postumum, edited by Eckart Förster, pp. 177-90. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.———. The Table of Judgments: Critique of Pure Reason, A 67-76, B 92-101. Translated by Eric Watkins. Atascadero: Ridgeview, 1995.Bröcker, Walter. Kant über Metaphysik und Erfahrung. Frankfurt am Main: V. Klostermann, 1970.Broecken, Renate. Das Amphiboliekapitel der `Kritik der reinen Vernunft`. Köln, 1970.Cohen, Hermann. Kommentar zu Immanuel Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Leipzig: Durr, 1907.de Boer, Karin. "Pure Reason`s Enlightenment: Transcendental Reflection in Kant`s First Critique." In Kant Yearbook 2/2010, Metaphysics, edited by Dietmar H. Heidemann, 54-74. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.Ewing, A. C. A Short Commentary on Kant`s Critique of Pure Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.Falkenburg, Brigitte. "Incongruent Counterparts: Kant`s 1768 Argument against Relationalism." In Kant Und Die Berliner Aufklärung: Akten des IX. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, edited by Ralph Schumacher, Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Volker Gerhardt, 13-18: De Gruyter, 2001.Falkenstein, Lorne. Kant`s Intuitionism: A Commentary on the Transcendental Aesthetic. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.Feder, Johan, and Christian Garve. "Göttingen Review." In Kant`s Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy, edited by Brigitte Sassen, pp. 53-58. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Gloy, Karen. "Die Kantische Differenz von Begriff und Anschauung und ihre Begründung." Kant-Studien 75 (1984), pp. 1-37.Grier, Michelle. Kant`s Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion. Modern European philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Heßbrüggen-Walter, Stefan. 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"Zu Kants Leibniz-Kritik in der `Amphibolie der Reflexionsbegriffe`." In Beiträge zur Kritik der reinen Vernunft: 1781-1981, edited by Ingeborg Heidemann and Wolfgang Ritzel, pp. 200-32. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1981.Hinske, Norbert. Kants Weg zur Transzendentalphilosophie: Der dreissigjährige Kant. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1970.Horstmann, Rolf-Peter. "Why must there be a Transcendental Deduction in Kant`s Critique of Judgment?". In Kant`s Transcendental Deductions: the Three Critiques and the Opus Postumum, edited by Eckart Förster, pp. 157-76. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.Jeng, Jyh-Jong. Natur und Freiheit: eine Untersuchung zu Kants Theorie der Urteilskraft. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004.Kaehler, Klaus Erich. "Systematische Voraussetzungen der Leibniz-Kritik Kants im `Amphibolie-Kapitel`." In Akten des 5. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, edited by Gerhard Funke, pp. 417-26. Bonn: Bouvier Verlag, 1981.Kant, Immanuel. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. 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Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Translated by Peter Heath and Gary C. Hatfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.———. Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.Kulstad, Mark. "Leibniz on Consciousness and Reflection." Southern Journal of Philosophy 21 (1983), 39-66.Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. "Discourse of Metaphysics." Translated by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber. In Philosophical Essays, xvi, 366 p. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1989.———. Leibniz`s Monadology: A New Translation and Guide. [in Text of Monadologie translated from the original French.] Translated by Lloyd Strickland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.———. "Letter to Queen Sophie Charlotte of Prussia, On What is Independent of Sense and Matter." Translated by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber. In Philosophical Essays, xvi, 366 p. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1989.———. "Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas." Translated by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber. In Philosophical Essays, xvi, 366 p. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1989.———. New Essays on Human Understanding. Translated by Peter Remnant and Jonathan Francis Bennett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.———. Principles of the Nature and the Grace. Translated by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber. Philosophical Essays. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., 1989.———. "Reply to the Thoughts on the System of Preestablished Harmony Contained in the Second Edition of Mr. Bayle’s Critical Dictionary, Article Rorarius." In Philosophical Papers and Letters, edited by Leroy E. Leomker, 574-85. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.Liedtke, Max. "Der Begriff der Reflexion bei Kant." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 48 (1966), pp. 207-16.Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Prometheus Books, 1995.Longuenesse, Beatrice. "The Divisions of the Transcendental Logic and the Leading Thread." In Immanuel Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, edited by Georg Mohr and Marcus Willaschek, pp. 131-58. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1998.———. Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Charles T. Wolfe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.Malter, Rudolf. "Logische und transzendentale Reflexion: Zu Kants Bestimmung des philosophiegeschichtlichen Ortes der Kritik der reinen Vernunft." Revue Internationale de Philosophie 35 (1981), pp. 284-301.———. "Reflexionsbegriffe: Gedanken zu einer schwierigen Begriffsgattung und zu einem unausgeführten Lehrstück der Kritik der reinen Vernunft." Philosophis Naturalis 19 (1982), pp. 125-50.Martin, Gottfried. Kant`s Metaphysics and Theory of Science. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1974.———. "Kants Auseinandersetzung mit der Bestimmung der Phänomene durch Leibniz und Wolff als verworrene Vorstellung." In Kritik und Metaphysik Studien: Heinz Heimsoeth zum achtzigsten Geburtstag, edited by Friedrich Kaulbach and Joachim Ritter, pp. 99-105. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1966.———. Leibniz: Logic and Metaphysics. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1964.Meier, Georg F. Auszug aus der Vernunftlehre. Halle: J.J. Gebauer, 1752.Nerurkar, Michael. Amphibolie der Reflexionsbegriffe und transzendentale Reflexion: das Amphibolie-Kapitel in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2012.Parkinson, G. H. R. "The `Intellectualization of Appearances`: Aspects of Leibniz`s Theory of Sensation and Thought." In Leibniz: Critical and Interpretive Essays, edited by Michael Hooker, 3-20. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.———. "Kant as a Critic of Leibniz. The Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection." Revue Internationale de Philosophie 35 (1981), pp. 302-14.Parsons, Charles. "The Transcendental Aesthetic." In The Cambridge Companion to Kant, edited by Paul Guyer, 3-62: Cambridge University Press, 1992.Paton, H. J. Kant`s Metaphysic of Experience: A Commentary on the First Half of the Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Vol. 1, London: Routledge, 2002.———. Kant`s Metaphysics of Experience: A Commentary on the First Half of Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Vol. 2, London: Routledge, 2002.———. "Kant on the Errors of Leibniz." In Kant Studies Today, edited by Lewis White Beck, pp. 72-87. La Salle: Open Court, 1969.Pereboom, Derk. "Kant’s Amphiboly." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 73 (1991), 50-70.Reinhold, Karl Leonhard. Versuch einer neuen Theorie des menschlichen Vorstellungsvermögens. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2010.Reuter, Peter. Kants Theorie der Reflexionsbegriffe: Eine Untersuchung zum Amphiboliekapitel der Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 1989.Schnädelbach, Herbert. Reflexion und Diskurs: Fragen einer Logik der Philosophie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1977.Schopenhauer, Arthur. Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. Vol. 1: Leipzig, 1859.Smit, Houston. "The Role of Reflection in Kant`s Critique of Pure Reason." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 80 (1999), 203–23.Smith, Norman Kemp. A Commentary to Kant`s Critique of Pure Reason. London: Humanities Press International, 1923.Wagner, Hans. "Reflexion." In Kritische Philosophie: Systematische und historische Abhandlungen, edited by Karl Bärthlein and Werner Flach, pp. 57-63. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 1980.Watkins, Eric. "Kant on the Distinction between Sensibility and Understanding." In Kant`s Critique of Pure Reason: A Critical Guide, edited by James R. O`Shea, 9-27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Willaschek, Marcus. Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics: the Dialectic of Pure Reason. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.———. "Phaenomena/Noumena und die Amphibolie der Reflexionsbegriffe." In Immanuel Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft, edited by Georg Mohr and Marcus Willaschek, pp. 325-51. Berlin: Akademie, 1998.Willaschek, Marcus, Jürgen Stolzenberg, Georg Mohr, and Stefano Bacin, eds. Kant-Lexikon. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2015.Wolff, Christian. Vernünftige Gedanken von den Kräften des menschlichen Verstandes und ihrem richtigen Gebrauche in Erkenntnis der Wahrheit. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1965.———. Vernünfftige Gedancken von Gott, der Welt und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen ürberhaupt. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1983.Wolff, Michael. Die Vollständigkeit der kantischen Urteilstafel. Frankfurt am Main: V. Klostermann, 1995.Zilsel, Edgar. "Bemerkungen zur Abfassungszeit und zur Methode der Amphibolie der Reflexionsbegriffe." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 26 (1913), pp. 431-48.黃振華，2005，《論康德哲學》，李明輝編，臺北：時英。鄭志忠，2006，〈康德的自然合目的性原理的實用意義〉，《揭諦》10：73-152。康 德，2004，《純粹理性批判》，鄧曉芒譯，北京：人民出版社。───，2008，《一切能作為學問而出現的未來形上學之序論》，李明輝譯，臺北：聯經。勞思光，2001，《康德知識論要義新編》，香港：中文大學出版社。 描述 博士
國立政治大學
哲學系
98154501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098154501 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄭志忠<br>黃冠閔 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Jeng, Jyh-Jong<br>Huang, Kuan-Min en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳鳴諍 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tan, Ming-Zheng en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳鳴諍 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tan, Ming-Zheng en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2020 12:01:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2020 12:01:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2020 12:01:29 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098154501 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131582 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 哲學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98154501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 康德認為，人類的認知能力是辨解性的、反思性的。然而，「反思」是康德哲學中最艱澀難懂的概念之一。這個概念在不同的問題脈絡中有不同的理論意涵，而康德從未給出一套完整系統性的闡明。更多時候，反思是作為一個解釋的根據，用以闡明康德哲學系統中的其他主張。本論文將研究的重點放在《純粹理性批判》中的一篇附錄──〈歧義篇章〉。儘管〈歧義篇章〉大部分的內容是在批評萊布尼茲哲學，但是本文將嘗試指出，這篇附錄闡明了一套有關人類經驗認知的反思理論。而這一套反思理論的核心概念是「先驗反思」。本文將從人類的經驗認知的角度分析並論證「先驗反思」之中所隱含的規範性意涵。《純粹理性批判》所關注的問題是人類認知能力的範圍與界限，各種表象的有效運用範圍，以及揭發各種隱含在錯誤判斷中的幻相。就此而言，理性的自我批判與自我證成是奠基在先驗反思的規範性之上。本文希望能夠闡明：先驗反思是人類認知的規範性根源，因而是人類認知中不可或缺的部分。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) According to Kant, human cognition is characterized as discursive and reflective. However, “reflection” is considered as one of the most obscure concepts in Kant’s critical philosophy. Although the meanings of this concept are various in different contexts of Kant’s philosophical analysis, a comprehensive and systematic exposition to the concept is still lack of. In most cases, “reflection” is laid as a ground for other claims in the system. There is no doubt that the so-called appendix “The Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection” in the Critique of Pure Reason provides a rather complete account for the theory of reflection. Despite being apparently as a systematic critique of Leibniz’s philosophy, this appendix consists of a philosophical insight on how the reflection functions as normative source for human cognitive activities. This study will argue that ‘transcendental reflection’ is a normative source for human cognition due to its characteristics depicted by Kant. These characteristics conform with the idea of critical philosophy when it becomes an unescapable duty for this philosophical programme to determine the legitimate employment of human capacities, their boundaries and limitations, even to uncover unavoidable illusions hidden in human reason. Under this interpretation, the idea of transcendental reflection is not only the main theme of this appendix, but also at the very heart of the critical philosophy. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 導論 1第一節 研究背景及目的 1第二節 文獻回顧與評述 5a. 〈歧義篇章〉只具有哲學史意義 5b. 〈歧義篇章〉是一種拼湊 7c. 〈歧義篇章〉是〈先驗分析論〉的結論 8d. 〈歧義篇章〉隱含一套反思理論 10第三節 研究方法與論題 11第二章 洛克與萊布尼茲 18第一節 洛克感性化了知性概念 20a. 一切觀念源自感覺 21b. （經驗的）反思是被動的 25c. 知性產生複合觀念 27第二節 萊布尼茲智性化了現象 31a. 模糊與清晰的知覺 33b. 清晰的認知與反思 38小結 41第三章 感性與知性的二分 42第一節 經驗心理學的觀點 44第二節 基礎力的畫分 53a. 直觀與概念的區分 53b. 感性與知性作為基礎力 60c. 多重的基礎力 64第三節 理性統一性之理念 68小結 75第四章 反思與反思概念 77第一節 反思概念 78a. 前批判時期的發展 80b. 反思概念之確立 92第二節 反思能力 102a. 知性作為反思的能力 103b. 邏輯反思 109i. 形式與質料是一切比較活動的基礎 112ii. 經驗概念之形成 115iii. 判斷的邏輯形式 122c. 先驗反思 127i. 何謂「先驗的」反思？ 127ii. 規範性的根源 139小結 146第五章 反思概念的歧義與駁斥 147第一節 「錯誤」的邏輯意義 149a. 一般而言的錯誤 149b. 先驗反思與幻相 164第二節 反思能力中的幻相 169a. 反思概念的歧義 170b. 主觀根據與客觀根據的混淆 173小結 176第六章 結論：〈歧義篇章〉在《純粹理性批判》中的定位 178參考文獻 185 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4846771 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098154501 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 先驗反思 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 規範性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經驗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 比較與聯結 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 判斷 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transcendental Reflection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Normativity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Experience en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Comparison and Connection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Judgment en_US dc.title (題名) 經驗與反思－論康德先驗反思中的規範性 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Experience and Reflection: On the Normativity in Kant’s Transcendental Reflection en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allison, Henry E. 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