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題名 後九一一菲律賓反恐政治
The Politics of Post-9/11 Counterterrorism in the Philippines
作者 卜家仁
Bugarin, Patrick Dave Q.
貢獻者 吳得源
Wu, Der-Yuan
卜家仁
Bugarin, Patrick Dave Q.
關鍵詞 安全化理論
實踐建制
反恐怖主義
阿布沙耶夫集團
治理性
Securitization theory
regime of practices
counterterrorism
Abu Sayyaf Group
governmentality
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Mar-2021 14:51:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文聚焦於打擊國際恐怖主義背後的複雜社會過程，尤其是在九一一爆炸事件以及全球反恐戰爭的出現之後，人們究竟是如何針對恐怖主義的萌芽、維護與轉型提出相應對策。此研究嘗試以更具社會學觀點的安全化理論為框架，透過整合論述與非論述實踐，理解安全議題細緻的變遷、延續或演進過程。實踐建制概念的應用進一步凸顯出以安全化理論理解安全議題的重要性，它同時也得以幫助研究者瞭解非西方國家的特殊經驗，菲律賓長年以來面對國內與國際恐怖主義的經驗便能夠在這個框架之下被更好的定位。

九一一爆炸事件與全球反恐戰爭的出現，不僅促成菲律賓反恐主義的再生，更讓該國被認為是美國在反恐戰爭之中最堅定的盟友之一。某種意義上來說，這樣的關係直接或間接地影響了菲律賓葛洛麗雅・馬嘉柏皋・亞羅育（2001－2010）、貝尼格諾・西梅昂・艾奎諾三世（2010－2016）與羅德里戈・羅亞・杜特蒂（2016至今）政權對恐怖主義的回應。然而，本研究強調不只是這樣的聯盟關係會影響到安全議題的萌芽、維護與轉型，地方政治動態也同樣鞏固了安全議題的重要性。也因此，菲律賓的反恐主義對策，包括安全決策與非常態政治的課題，其實是鑲嵌於國內政治動態所體現的實踐體系。

本研究試圖揭露反恐主義的社會建構所具有的深遠影響，這與政府正在推行的和平協議相悖。透過釐清權力機制的運作，將以實際上更為複雜的社會過程修正傳統以強硬手段處理衝突與暴力議題的主流敘事。這樣的研究成果不僅能夠為反恐對策帶來更有效用的幫助，也期盼未來的研究可以針對權力運作有近一步的討論，理解到支配與順從是如何隱藏在各種形式的政治操作之中。
In this dissertation I explore the complex social process of countering international terrorism after the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Specifically, I look into the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the issue of terrorism and its corresponding responses. In order to understand this, I utilize the securitization framework that leans closer to its sociological turn. The sociological perspective in securitization studies presents an integrative framework that accommodates both discursive and non-discursive practices to better understand the subtleties of change and continuity or the evolution of a security issue. The utilization of the concept of regimes of practices further highlights the importance of securitization theory in understanding security issues and as well as expands its utility to capture particular experiences in the non-West. Thus, this work highlights the particular experience of the Philippines that has long been experiencing domestic and transnational forms of terrorism.

After the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the GWOT, counterterrorism in the Philippines was seemingly recreated in that through this, the country was even dubbed as one of the US’ staunchest allies in the war on terror. In a way, this relationship has directly or indirectly informed Philippine responses to terrorism from the administrations of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010), Benigno Simeon Aquino, III (2010-2016), and Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-present). Upon further reflection, this work reveals that it was not only the alliance that was important in the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the security issue but as well as local political dynamics that co-facilitated the acceptance of the security issue. In this research project I argued that there is so much more than what meets the eye in the Philippines’ response against terrorism. Security decision-making and the politics of the extraordinary is ultimately embedded within the regime of practices that manifests from the domestic political dynamics of the country.

In this dissertation I further reveal that the social construction of counterterrorism has far-reaching repercussions and has created a paradox in reference with the peace initiatives being pursued by the government. As I elaborated on the machinations of power, I made explicit its complex social process and more specifically, the prevailing dominant narrative understood as the traditional way of dealing with conflict and violence by employing heavy-handed approaches. This, then, is most useful to arrive at more informed responses. In a way, I conceived of this research project with the purpose of also encouraging further research works to focus on exposing the exercise of power to understand dominance and willing compliance hidden in various forms of political maneuvering.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
105265507
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105265507
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳得源zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Der-Yuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 卜家仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Bugarin, Patrick Dave Q.en_US
dc.creator (作者) 卜家仁zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Bugarin, Patrick Dave Q.en_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2021 14:51:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Mar-2021 14:51:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2021 14:51:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105265507en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134182-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105265507zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文聚焦於打擊國際恐怖主義背後的複雜社會過程，尤其是在九一一爆炸事件以及全球反恐戰爭的出現之後，人們究竟是如何針對恐怖主義的萌芽、維護與轉型提出相應對策。此研究嘗試以更具社會學觀點的安全化理論為框架，透過整合論述與非論述實踐，理解安全議題細緻的變遷、延續或演進過程。實踐建制概念的應用進一步凸顯出以安全化理論理解安全議題的重要性，它同時也得以幫助研究者瞭解非西方國家的特殊經驗，菲律賓長年以來面對國內與國際恐怖主義的經驗便能夠在這個框架之下被更好的定位。

九一一爆炸事件與全球反恐戰爭的出現，不僅促成菲律賓反恐主義的再生，更讓該國被認為是美國在反恐戰爭之中最堅定的盟友之一。某種意義上來說，這樣的關係直接或間接地影響了菲律賓葛洛麗雅・馬嘉柏皋・亞羅育（2001－2010）、貝尼格諾・西梅昂・艾奎諾三世（2010－2016）與羅德里戈・羅亞・杜特蒂（2016至今）政權對恐怖主義的回應。然而，本研究強調不只是這樣的聯盟關係會影響到安全議題的萌芽、維護與轉型，地方政治動態也同樣鞏固了安全議題的重要性。也因此，菲律賓的反恐主義對策，包括安全決策與非常態政治的課題，其實是鑲嵌於國內政治動態所體現的實踐體系。

本研究試圖揭露反恐主義的社會建構所具有的深遠影響，這與政府正在推行的和平協議相悖。透過釐清權力機制的運作，將以實際上更為複雜的社會過程修正傳統以強硬手段處理衝突與暴力議題的主流敘事。這樣的研究成果不僅能夠為反恐對策帶來更有效用的幫助，也期盼未來的研究可以針對權力運作有近一步的討論，理解到支配與順從是如何隱藏在各種形式的政治操作之中。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In this dissertation I explore the complex social process of countering international terrorism after the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Specifically, I look into the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the issue of terrorism and its corresponding responses. In order to understand this, I utilize the securitization framework that leans closer to its sociological turn. The sociological perspective in securitization studies presents an integrative framework that accommodates both discursive and non-discursive practices to better understand the subtleties of change and continuity or the evolution of a security issue. The utilization of the concept of regimes of practices further highlights the importance of securitization theory in understanding security issues and as well as expands its utility to capture particular experiences in the non-West. Thus, this work highlights the particular experience of the Philippines that has long been experiencing domestic and transnational forms of terrorism.

After the 9/11 bombings and the declaration of the GWOT, counterterrorism in the Philippines was seemingly recreated in that through this, the country was even dubbed as one of the US’ staunchest allies in the war on terror. In a way, this relationship has directly or indirectly informed Philippine responses to terrorism from the administrations of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010), Benigno Simeon Aquino, III (2010-2016), and Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-present). Upon further reflection, this work reveals that it was not only the alliance that was important in the creation, maintenance, and transformation of the security issue but as well as local political dynamics that co-facilitated the acceptance of the security issue. In this research project I argued that there is so much more than what meets the eye in the Philippines’ response against terrorism. Security decision-making and the politics of the extraordinary is ultimately embedded within the regime of practices that manifests from the domestic political dynamics of the country.

In this dissertation I further reveal that the social construction of counterterrorism has far-reaching repercussions and has created a paradox in reference with the peace initiatives being pursued by the government. As I elaborated on the machinations of power, I made explicit its complex social process and more specifically, the prevailing dominant narrative understood as the traditional way of dealing with conflict and violence by employing heavy-handed approaches. This, then, is most useful to arrive at more informed responses. In a way, I conceived of this research project with the purpose of also encouraging further research works to focus on exposing the exercise of power to understand dominance and willing compliance hidden in various forms of political maneuvering.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction 1
I. The Case and its Significance 1
II. Relevant Literature, Background of the Study, and Research Motivations 13
III. Research Questions 21
IV. Key Arguments 23
V. Structure of the Dissertation 24
Chapter 2: Conceptual Foundations: Securitization Theory,
the Copenhagen School and Beyond 27
I. Securitization Theory: Copenhagen School, “the Philosophical Approach” 29
II. From Philosophical to Sociological Approach to Securitization 34
III. Continuing Reformulation of the Copenhagen School’s
Securitization Framework and the Role of Ideas in Policy 42
IV. Balzacq’s Securitization Roadmap 44
V. Conceptual Framework 45
VI. Research Method 51
VII. Limitations 56
Chapter 3: International Terrorism and
Responses in the Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific Region 58
I. Understanding “Terrorism” and its Principles 59
II. The ‘Othering 66
III. Regional Dynamics in the Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific Region 68
IV. The Reception of the War on Terror in the
Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific Region 74
V. Conclusion 85
Chapter 4: Arroyo Administration 2001-2010: GWOT and
the (Re)Creation of Counterterrorism in the Philippines 87
I. Contextualizing the Threat of Terrorism in the Philippines 88
II. Government Responses Before 9/11 Bombings and the
GWOT (1991-2000) 98
III. Terrorism in Arroyo’s Security Discourse 104
IV. Supplementing Arroyo’s Counterterrorism Discourse 114
V. The Philippines’ Legal Framework Against Terrorism 121
VI. Institutional Initiatives 126
VII. Police Initiatives 130
VIII. Military Initiatives and Measures 134
IX. The Peace Process 138
X. The Regime of Practice Under the Arroyo Administration 139
Chapter 5: Aquino Administration 2010-2016: A Path to Peace 141
I. Terrorism in Aquino’s Security Discourse 144
II. Supplementing Aquino’s Counterterrorism Discourse 148
III. Institutional Initiatives, Police and Military Measures 149
IV. Zamboanga Siege 151
V. Mamasapano Incident 153
VI. The Peace Process 157
VII. The Regime of Practices Under the Aquino Administration 160
Chapter 6: Duterte Administration 2016-Present:
A Radical Transformation? 161
I. Duterte’s Rise into Power and the Construction of the War on Drugs 163
II. Terrorism in Duterte’s Security Discourse 168
III. Supplementing Duterte’s Counterterrorism Discourse 172
IV. Anti-Terror Law 2020 173
V. Institutional Initiatives, Polices and Military Measures 175
VI. Marawi Siege 176
VII. The Peace Process 178
VIII. The Regime of Practices Under the Duterte Administration 179
Chapter 7: Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Studies 182
I. Post-9/11 Counterterrorism in the Philippines:
An Analytics of Government 183
II. The Politics of Counterterrorism in the Philippines 186
III. The Legitimization Process 188
IV. Durability of the Global War on Terror Securitization 190
IV. Theoretical Significance 192
V. Transcending the Paradox of Countering Terror for Peace,
Prospects for the Future 194
References 196
Appendix 223		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 8787953 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105265507en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 安全化理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 實踐建制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反恐怖主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 阿布沙耶夫集團zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 治理性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Securitization theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) regime of practicesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) counterterrorismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Abu Sayyaf Groupen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) governmentalityen_US
dc.title (題名) 後九一一菲律賓反恐政治zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Politics of Post-9/11 Counterterrorism in the Philippinesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100318en_US