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題名 順從或反抗？數位時代中攝影記者的性別實踐
Subordinate or Subversive? Photojournalists’ Gender Practices in Digital Work Environments
作者 李安容
Lee, An-Jung
貢獻者 康庭瑜
Kang, Ting-Yu
李安容
Lee, An-Jung
關鍵詞 攝影記者
新聞攝影
陽剛文化
性別與工作
數位技能
Photojournalist
Photojournalism
Masculine Culture
Gender and Work
Digital Competence
日期 2021
上傳時間 4-Aug-2021 15:45:38 (UTC+8)
摘要 過去，女性因為種種原因難以進入新聞攝影，有人說是因為該職業要求的高度體能負荷導致它成為男性主導的行業，也有人認為是新聞行業盛行的陽剛文化使新聞攝影成為「男性專屬的俱樂部」。多年來，由於技術的進步，攝影器材不再笨重，使用上也趨於簡單，攝影記者的門檻因此降低。隨之而來的是，越來越多的女性以及公民攝影記者在這一領域嶄露頭角。然而，一些研究表明新聞室的陽剛文化依然阻礙著女性攝影記者的加入。因此，本研究旨在探討在數位時代下，性別在當代新聞攝影中扮演了什麼角色、與過去的研究相比，新聞攝影中的陽剛文化是否有所改變，以及數位科技的運用能否為處於性別不平等關係中的女性帶來曙光。本研究透過深度訪談，採訪了 4 位男性和 6 位女性攝影記者在數位時代下的工作經驗，以及他們對於新聞攝影中性別關係的見解。結果發現，直述新聞為攝影記者的每天主要的工作內容，而陽剛文化也因該類型新聞的工作實踐而深根蒂固於新聞攝影行業中。不過，部分女性攝影記者卻拒絕順從陽剛文化，並開始展現他們對於男性價值的反抗。而在不停進步的數位環境中，擁有影音製作能力有助於增加女性進入新聞攝影行業的機會，也助於她們在新聞編輯室中的階級流動。
In the past, women have been excluded from joining photojournalism as a profession due to many reasons. Some say it was the high demands of photojournalism, including the physical demands that had led to it being a male dominated industry, while some believe it was the masculine culture prevailing in the news industry that had made photojournalism become a “boy’s club”. Over the years, owing to technological improvement, camera gears are no longer heavy and complex to manage. As a result, more women are rising in the field as well as citizen photojournalists. However, some research reveal that female photojournalists remain the minority due to the enduring masculine newsroom culture. Thus, this study aims to explore how gender has been discussed in modern photojournalism, the value of digital skills in relation to gender, and whether the digital age offers women the opportunity to negotiate gender equality in the newsroom.
I interviewed 4 male and 6 female photojournalists. The results showed that masculine culture is deeply rooted in the work practice of straight news reporting because of its required physical ability and social skills. Meanwhile, women started to show their disapproval toward the masculine culture by refusing to comply with the masculine norms. Furthermore, digital competence in video production has not only helped increase women’s job opportunity but also helped their class mobility in the newsroom.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
107461002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107461002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 康庭瑜zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kang, Ting-Yuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李安容zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, An-Jungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李安容zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, An-Jungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2021 15:45:38 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Aug-2021 15:45:38 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2021 15:45:38 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107461002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136510-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107461002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過去，女性因為種種原因難以進入新聞攝影，有人說是因為該職業要求的高度體能負荷導致它成為男性主導的行業，也有人認為是新聞行業盛行的陽剛文化使新聞攝影成為「男性專屬的俱樂部」。多年來，由於技術的進步，攝影器材不再笨重，使用上也趨於簡單，攝影記者的門檻因此降低。隨之而來的是，越來越多的女性以及公民攝影記者在這一領域嶄露頭角。然而，一些研究表明新聞室的陽剛文化依然阻礙著女性攝影記者的加入。因此，本研究旨在探討在數位時代下，性別在當代新聞攝影中扮演了什麼角色、與過去的研究相比，新聞攝影中的陽剛文化是否有所改變，以及數位科技的運用能否為處於性別不平等關係中的女性帶來曙光。本研究透過深度訪談，採訪了 4 位男性和 6 位女性攝影記者在數位時代下的工作經驗，以及他們對於新聞攝影中性別關係的見解。結果發現，直述新聞為攝影記者的每天主要的工作內容，而陽剛文化也因該類型新聞的工作實踐而深根蒂固於新聞攝影行業中。不過，部分女性攝影記者卻拒絕順從陽剛文化，並開始展現他們對於男性價值的反抗。而在不停進步的數位環境中，擁有影音製作能力有助於增加女性進入新聞攝影行業的機會，也助於她們在新聞編輯室中的階級流動。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the past, women have been excluded from joining photojournalism as a profession due to many reasons. Some say it was the high demands of photojournalism, including the physical demands that had led to it being a male dominated industry, while some believe it was the masculine culture prevailing in the news industry that had made photojournalism become a “boy’s club”. Over the years, owing to technological improvement, camera gears are no longer heavy and complex to manage. As a result, more women are rising in the field as well as citizen photojournalists. However, some research reveal that female photojournalists remain the minority due to the enduring masculine newsroom culture. Thus, this study aims to explore how gender has been discussed in modern photojournalism, the value of digital skills in relation to gender, and whether the digital age offers women the opportunity to negotiate gender equality in the newsroom.
I interviewed 4 male and 6 female photojournalists. The results showed that masculine culture is deeply rooted in the work practice of straight news reporting because of its required physical ability and social skills. Meanwhile, women started to show their disapproval toward the masculine culture by refusing to comply with the masculine norms. Furthermore, digital competence in video production has not only helped increase women’s job opportunity but also helped their class mobility in the newsroom.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II
ABSTRACT III
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESEARCH MOTIVATION 1
1.2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 3
1.2.1 An Overview of Gender Composition in Taiwanese News Industry 3
1.2.2 Modern Photojournalism in Digital Age 5
1.3 RESEARCH AIMS 8
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 GENDER DISPARITY IN THE NEWSROOM 9
2.2 FEMALE NEWS WORKERS’ ADAPTATION INTO MALE-DOMINATED NEWSROOM 13
2.2.1 Masculine Culture in the Newsroom 14
2.2.2 How Has Masculine Norms Affected Women in the Newsroom? 17
2.3 TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGES IN PHOTOJOURNALISTIC PRACTICES 19
2.3.1 Changes in the Process of Image Production 20
2.3.2 The Pressure and Work Intensification Brought by Digitalization 21
2.4 GENDER AND PHOTOJOURNALISM IN DIGITAL AGE 23
3. METHODS 25
3.1 RESEARCH STRUCTURE 27
3.2 SAMPLE SELECTION 28
3.3 IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS 31
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS 32
4. RESULTS 33
4.1 WORK PRACTICES OF TAIWANESE PHOTOJOURNALIST: STRAIGHT NEWS VS. FEATURE ARTICLES 33
4.2 THE ROLE OF GENDER IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOJOURNALISM 39
4.2.1 The Impact of Gender Stereotype on Women’s Job Opportunities in News Industry vs. Freelancing 39
4.2.2 Task Allocation: Gender Stereotype and the Appreciation of Women’s Ability 44
4.2.3 The Enduring Obstacles in Female Photojournalists’ Career Development 46
4.3 MASCULINITY VS. FEMININITY IN PHOTOJOURNALISM 47
4.3.1 Masculinity Still Dominate the Workplace Culture in the Field 48
4.3.2 No more smoking and Drinking: The Changes of Photojournalists’ Social Behavior 51
4.4 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE WORK EXPERIENCES OF DIGITAL AGE 57
4.4.1 The Impact of Digitalization in Photojournalism 57
4.4.2 The Value of Digital Skills in News Photography 60
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 64
5.1 OBEY OR RESIST? THE CHANGES IN FEMALE PHOTOJOURNALISTS’ SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 64
5.2 A POSSIBLE TURNING POINT TO ESTABLISH A NEW IMAGE OF PHOTOJOURNALIST 67
5.3 TAIWANESE PHOTOJOURNALISTS ARE NOT MOTIVATED TO IMPROVE THEIR DIGITAL COMPETENCE 68
5.4 DIGITAL COMPETENCE IS VALUABLE TO FEMALE PHOTOJOURNALISTS’ CAREER DEVELOPMENT 69
REFERENCES 71
APPENDIX 1 80
APPENDIX 2 82		zh_TW
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dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107461002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 攝影記者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞攝影zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 陽剛文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別與工作zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數位技能zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Photojournalisten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Photojournalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Masculine Cultureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender and Worken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Digital Competenceen_US
dc.title (題名) 順從或反抗？數位時代中攝影記者的性別實踐zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Subordinate or Subversive? Photojournalists’ Gender Practices in Digital Work Environmentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101102en_US