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題名 Trolls Without Borders: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Victim Reactions to Verbal and Silent Aggression Online 作者 林日璇
Lin, Jih-Hsuan Tammy
Cook, Christine Linda
Schaafsma, Juliette
Antheunis, Marjolijn L.
Shahid, Suleman
Nijtmans, Hanne W.貢獻者 傳播學院 關鍵詞 trolling interactions; flaming; ostracism; experiment; Cyberball; cross-cultural comparisons; honor; face 日期 2021-06 上傳時間 11-Feb-2022 14:55:25 (UTC+8) 摘要 Trolling—the online exploitation of website, chat, or game mechanics at another user`s expense—can and does take place all over cyberspace. It can take myriad forms, as well—some verbal, like trash-talking an opponent in a game, and some silent, like refusing to include a new player in a team effort during an in-game quest. However, despite this variety, there are few to no studies comparing the effects of these differing trolling types on victims. In addition, no study has yet taken into account users` offline cultural context and norms into the trolling victim experience. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study put participants from three culturally-distinct countries—Pakistan, Taiwan, and the Netherlands—in a simulated trolling interaction using the Cyberball game. Participants were either flamed (read: harshly insulted) or ostracized by a member of their own cultural group (ingroup) or a minority member (outgroup), and the participants` emotional responses, behavioral intentions toward the other players, and messages sent during the game were taken as indicators of their response to the trolling. Results showed that our Taiwanese sample used the most reactive aggression when trolled and our Dutch sample was the most passive. In addition, ostracism generally produced the desire to repair relationships, irrespective of cultural context, and perpetrator culture (ingroup or outgroup) only produced an effect in the behavioral intentions of our Pakistani sample. Overall, it would appear that online and offline culture interact to produce the variety of responses to trolling seen in extant literature. Additional implications for future research into computer-mediated communication and online aggression are also discussed. 關聯 Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.12, pp.1-19 資料類型 article DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.549955 dc.contributor 傳播學院 dc.creator (作者) 林日璇 dc.creator (作者) Lin, Jih-Hsuan Tammy dc.creator (作者) Cook, Christine Linda dc.creator (作者) Schaafsma, Juliette dc.creator (作者) Antheunis, Marjolijn L. dc.creator (作者) Shahid, Suleman dc.creator (作者) Nijtmans, Hanne W. dc.date (日期) 2021-06 dc.date.accessioned 11-Feb-2022 14:55:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 11-Feb-2022 14:55:25 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Feb-2022 14:55:25 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/139058 - dc.description.abstract (摘要) Trolling—the online exploitation of website, chat, or game mechanics at another user`s expense—can and does take place all over cyberspace. It can take myriad forms, as well—some verbal, like trash-talking an opponent in a game, and some silent, like refusing to include a new player in a team effort during an in-game quest. However, despite this variety, there are few to no studies comparing the effects of these differing trolling types on victims. In addition, no study has yet taken into account users` offline cultural context and norms into the trolling victim experience. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study put participants from three culturally-distinct countries—Pakistan, Taiwan, and the Netherlands—in a simulated trolling interaction using the Cyberball game. Participants were either flamed (read: harshly insulted) or ostracized by a member of their own cultural group (ingroup) or a minority member (outgroup), and the participants` emotional responses, behavioral intentions toward the other players, and messages sent during the game were taken as indicators of their response to the trolling. Results showed that our Taiwanese sample used the most reactive aggression when trolled and our Dutch sample was the most passive. In addition, ostracism generally produced the desire to repair relationships, irrespective of cultural context, and perpetrator culture (ingroup or outgroup) only produced an effect in the behavioral intentions of our Pakistani sample. Overall, it would appear that online and offline culture interact to produce the variety of responses to trolling seen in extant literature. Additional implications for future research into computer-mediated communication and online aggression are also discussed. dc.format.extent 643361 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.relation (關聯) Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.12, pp.1-19 dc.subject (關鍵詞) trolling interactions; flaming; ostracism; experiment; Cyberball; cross-cultural comparisons; honor; face dc.title (題名) Trolls Without Borders: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Victim Reactions to Verbal and Silent Aggression Online dc.type (資料類型) article dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.549955 dc.doi.uri (DOI) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.549955
