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題名 營運資金與專利廣度：R&D 產品多樣化模型的分析
Working capital and patent breadth in an R&D expanding variety model
作者 莊凱翔
Chuang, Kai-Hsiang
貢獻者 賴景昌
莊凱翔
Chuang, Kai-Hsiang
關鍵詞 研發
營運資金
專利廣度
福利
Innovation
Working capital
Patent breadth
Social welfare
日期 2022
上傳時間 1-Mar-2022 17:53:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文以 Romer(1990)的研發產品多樣化模型為基礎，考慮了營運資金與專利廣度，延伸建構一R&D 內生成長模型。在營運資金存在與不存在兩種情形下，透過模型分析政府補貼政策與專利政策對經濟成長率及社會福利的影響。
本文發現，當政府提高補貼率與拓寬專利廣度，將使得經濟成長率提高，營運資金的存在則降低了政府政策對經濟成長的刺激。不論模型中是否存在營運資金，政府都有最適的補貼政策與專利政策能極大化社會福利。
Based on Romer(1990), this thesis develops an R&D expanding variety model fea­turing working capital and patent breadth. The government instruments two policies: R&D subsidies and patent breadth. To shed light on the role of working capital, we deal with two situations. The first is the presence of working capital. The second is the ab­sence of working capital. We then use the model to examine how government policies affect the economic growth rate and social welfare under these two distinct situations.
Two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, following an increase in the R&D subsidy rate and patent breadth, the economic growth rate will rise in response. Meanwhile, the presence of working capital tends to mitigate the growth effect of these two policies. Second, regardless of whether working capital is present or absent, the government can choose the optimal values of the R&D subsidy rate and patent breadth that maximize social welfare level.
參考文獻 賴景昌 (2020)，內生成長理論，輔仁大學經濟研究所上課講義。
賴景昌 (2021)，內生成長理論:R&D，逢甲大學經濟研究所上課講義。
Agénor, P.R., & Montiel P.J. (1999), Development Macroeconomics, NJ., Princeton
University Press
Arora, A., Ceccagnoli, M., & Cohen, M. (2008), “R&D and the Patent Premium,” Inter­national Journal of Industrial Organization, 26, 1153­-1179.
Arrow, K.J. (1962), “The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing,” The Review of Economic Studies, 29, 155­-173.
Bakker, G. (2013), “Money for Nothing: How Firms Have Financed R&D­Projects
since the Industrial Revolution,” Research Policy, 42, 1793­-1814.
Barro, R.J. (1990), “Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 103­-125.
Barro, R.J., & Sala­i­Martin, X. (2004), Economic Growth, 2nd Edition, Mass., Cam­
bridge:MIT Press
Becker, G.S. (1964), Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Spe­cial Reference to Education, LDN., Chicago: University of Chicago Press Bougheas, S. (2004), “Internal vs External Financing of R&D,” Small Business Eco­
nomics, 22, 11-­17.
Bucci, A., & Parello, C.P. (2006), “Horizontal Innovation­Based Growth and Product
Market Competition,” Economic Modelling, 26, 213­-221.
Chang, W., & Lai, C. (1992), “Working Capital Finance and the Balanced Budget Mul­tiplier,” The American Economist, 36, 61­-65.
Christiano, L.J., Eichenbaum, M., & Evans, C. (2005), “Nominal Rigidities and the Dynamic Effects of a Shock to Monetary Policy,” Journal of Political Economy, 113, 1­-45.
Domar, E.D. (1946), “Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth, and Employment,” Econo­ metrica, 14, 137­-147.
Ehrlich, I. (1990), “The Problem of Development: Introduction,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1-­11.
Fazzari, S.M., & Petersen, B.C. (1993), “Working Capital and Fixed Investment: New Evidence on Financing Constraints,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 24, 328­-342.
Gilbert, R.J., & Shapiro, C. (1990), “Optimal Patent Length and Breadth,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 21, 106­-112.
Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991a), “Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth,” The Review of Economic Studies, 58, 43­-61.
Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991b), Innovation and Growth in the Global Econ­ omy, Mass., Cambridge:MIT Press
Goh, A., & Olivier, J. (2002), “Optimal Patent Protection in a Two­Sector Economy,” International Economic Review, 43, 1191­-1214.
Harrod, R. (1939), “An Essay in Dynamic Theory,”Economic Journal, 49, 14­-33. Haruyama, T., & Itaya, J. (2006), “Do Distortionary Taxes Always Harm Growth?”
Journal of Economics, 87, 99­-126.
He, Z., & Wintoki, M.B. (2016), “The Cost of Innovation: R&D and High Cash Hold­
ings in U.S. Firms,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 41, 280­-303.
Huang, W., Lai, C., & Chen, P. (2017), “International R&D Funding and Patent Col­
lateral in an R&D­ Based Growth Model,” International Review of Economics &
Finance, 51, 545­-561.
Iwaisako, T., & Futagami, K. (2013), “Patent Protection, Capital Accumulation, and
Economic Growth,” Economic Theory, 52, 631­-668.
Jones, C.I. (1995), “R&D­ Based Models of Economic Growth,” Journal of Political
Economy, 103, 759­-784.
Judd, K.L. (1985), “On the Performance of Patents,” Econometrica, 53, 567­-585. Lerner, J. (1994), “The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 25, 319­-333.
Lucas, R.E., & Rapping, L.A. (1969), “Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation,” Jour­nal of Political Economy, 77, 721­-754.
Lucas, R.E. (1976), “Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique,” Carnegie­-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1, 19­-46.
Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,”Journal of Mone­tary Economics, 22, 3­-42.
Mansfield, E. (1984), “R&D and Innovation: Some Empirical Findings.” R&D, Patents, and Productivity, LDN., Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Mina, A., Lahr, H., & Hughes, A. (2013), “The Demand and Supply of External Finance for Innovative Firms,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 22, 869­-901.
Mitchell, D.W. (1984), “Macro Effects of Interest­Sensitive Aggregate Supply,” Journal of Macroeconomics, 6, 43­-56.
Myers, S.C., & Majluf, N.S. (1984), “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions
when Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have,” Journal of Financial Economics, 13, 187­-221.
Neumeyer, P.A., & Perri, F. (2005), “Business Cycles in Emerging Economies: The Role of Interest Rates,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 52, 345­-380.
Rivera­Batiz, L. A., & Romer, P. M. (1991), “Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 531­-555.
Romer, P. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long­Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 94, 1002­-1037.
Romer, P. (1987), “Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization,” The American Economic Review, 77, 56­-62.
Romer, P. (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71­-102.
Shaller, D.R. (1983), “Working Capital Finance Considerations in a National Income Theory,” The American Economic Review, 73, 156­-165.
Solow, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” The Quar­ terly Journal of Economics, 70, 65­-94.
Stokey, N. L. (1990), “Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 587­-616.
Thompson, M.J. (2008), “Complementarities and Costly Investment in a Growth Model,” Journal of Economics, 94, 231­-240.
Vickers, D. (1981), “The Money Capital “Factor”,” Journal of Post Keynesian Eco­ nomics, 4, 260­-265.
Wright, B.D. (1983), “The Economics of Invention Incentives: Patents, Prizes, and Re­ search Contracts,” The American Economic Review, 73, 691­-707.
Wright, D.J. (1999), “Optimal Patent Breadth and Length with Costly Imitation,” Inter­ national Journal of Industrial Organization, 17, 419­-436.
Zeng, J., & Zhang, J. (2007), “Subsidies in an R&D Growth Model with Elastic Labor,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31, 861­-886.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
108258023
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108258023
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴景昌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 莊凱翔zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chuang, Kai-Hsiangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 莊凱翔zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chuang, Kai-Hsiangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2022 17:53:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2022 17:53:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2022 17:53:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108258023en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/139267-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108258023zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文以 Romer(1990)的研發產品多樣化模型為基礎，考慮了營運資金與專利廣度，延伸建構一R&D 內生成長模型。在營運資金存在與不存在兩種情形下，透過模型分析政府補貼政策與專利政策對經濟成長率及社會福利的影響。
本文發現，當政府提高補貼率與拓寬專利廣度，將使得經濟成長率提高，營運資金的存在則降低了政府政策對經濟成長的刺激。不論模型中是否存在營運資金，政府都有最適的補貼政策與專利政策能極大化社會福利。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Based on Romer(1990), this thesis develops an R&D expanding variety model fea­turing working capital and patent breadth. The government instruments two policies: R&D subsidies and patent breadth. To shed light on the role of working capital, we deal with two situations. The first is the presence of working capital. The second is the ab­sence of working capital. We then use the model to examine how government policies affect the economic growth rate and social welfare under these two distinct situations.
Two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, following an increase in the R&D subsidy rate and patent breadth, the economic growth rate will rise in response. Meanwhile, the presence of working capital tends to mitigate the growth effect of these two policies. Second, regardless of whether working capital is present or absent, the government can choose the optimal values of the R&D subsidy rate and patent breadth that maximize social welfare level.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 文獻回顧 4
第三節 本文架構 9
第二章 理論模型 10
第一節 最終財部門 10
第二節 中間財部門 13
第三節 研發 (R&D) 部門 17
第四節 家計單位 19
第五節 市場均衡 22
第三章 成長均衡 25
第一節 建構均衡 25
第二節 政策效果分析 32
第四章 社會福利 40
第一節 建構社會福利函數 40
第二節 福利效果分析 44
第三節 營運資金不存在時的福利效果 49
第五章 結論 53
附錄 55
參考文獻 59		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1266508 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108258023en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 營運資金zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專利廣度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 福利zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Working capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Patent breadthen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social welfareen_US
dc.title (題名) 營運資金與專利廣度：R&D 產品多樣化模型的分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Working capital and patent breadth in an R&D expanding variety modelen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 賴景昌 (2020)，內生成長理論，輔仁大學經濟研究所上課講義。
賴景昌 (2021)，內生成長理論:R&D，逢甲大學經濟研究所上課講義。
Agénor, P.R., & Montiel P.J. (1999), Development Macroeconomics, NJ., Princeton
University Press
Arora, A., Ceccagnoli, M., & Cohen, M. (2008), “R&D and the Patent Premium,” Inter­national Journal of Industrial Organization, 26, 1153­-1179.
Arrow, K.J. (1962), “The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing,” The Review of Economic Studies, 29, 155­-173.
Bakker, G. (2013), “Money for Nothing: How Firms Have Financed R&D­Projects
since the Industrial Revolution,” Research Policy, 42, 1793­-1814.
Barro, R.J. (1990), “Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 103­-125.
Barro, R.J., & Sala­i­Martin, X. (2004), Economic Growth, 2nd Edition, Mass., Cam­
bridge:MIT Press
Becker, G.S. (1964), Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Spe­cial Reference to Education, LDN., Chicago: University of Chicago Press Bougheas, S. (2004), “Internal vs External Financing of R&D,” Small Business Eco­
nomics, 22, 11-­17.
Bucci, A., & Parello, C.P. (2006), “Horizontal Innovation­Based Growth and Product
Market Competition,” Economic Modelling, 26, 213­-221.
Chang, W., & Lai, C. (1992), “Working Capital Finance and the Balanced Budget Mul­tiplier,” The American Economist, 36, 61­-65.
Christiano, L.J., Eichenbaum, M., & Evans, C. (2005), “Nominal Rigidities and the Dynamic Effects of a Shock to Monetary Policy,” Journal of Political Economy, 113, 1­-45.
Domar, E.D. (1946), “Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth, and Employment,” Econo­ metrica, 14, 137­-147.
Ehrlich, I. (1990), “The Problem of Development: Introduction,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1-­11.
Fazzari, S.M., & Petersen, B.C. (1993), “Working Capital and Fixed Investment: New Evidence on Financing Constraints,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 24, 328­-342.
Gilbert, R.J., & Shapiro, C. (1990), “Optimal Patent Length and Breadth,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 21, 106­-112.
Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991a), “Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth,” The Review of Economic Studies, 58, 43­-61.
Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991b), Innovation and Growth in the Global Econ­ omy, Mass., Cambridge:MIT Press
Goh, A., & Olivier, J. (2002), “Optimal Patent Protection in a Two­Sector Economy,” International Economic Review, 43, 1191­-1214.
Harrod, R. (1939), “An Essay in Dynamic Theory,”Economic Journal, 49, 14­-33. Haruyama, T., & Itaya, J. (2006), “Do Distortionary Taxes Always Harm Growth?”
Journal of Economics, 87, 99­-126.
He, Z., & Wintoki, M.B. (2016), “The Cost of Innovation: R&D and High Cash Hold­
ings in U.S. Firms,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 41, 280­-303.
Huang, W., Lai, C., & Chen, P. (2017), “International R&D Funding and Patent Col­
lateral in an R&D­ Based Growth Model,” International Review of Economics &
Finance, 51, 545­-561.
Iwaisako, T., & Futagami, K. (2013), “Patent Protection, Capital Accumulation, and
Economic Growth,” Economic Theory, 52, 631­-668.
Jones, C.I. (1995), “R&D­ Based Models of Economic Growth,” Journal of Political
Economy, 103, 759­-784.
Judd, K.L. (1985), “On the Performance of Patents,” Econometrica, 53, 567­-585. Lerner, J. (1994), “The Importance of Patent Scope: An Empirical Analysis,” The RAND Journal of Economics, 25, 319­-333.
Lucas, R.E., & Rapping, L.A. (1969), “Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation,” Jour­nal of Political Economy, 77, 721­-754.
Lucas, R.E. (1976), “Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique,” Carnegie­-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1, 19­-46.
Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,”Journal of Mone­tary Economics, 22, 3­-42.
Mansfield, E. (1984), “R&D and Innovation: Some Empirical Findings.” R&D, Patents, and Productivity, LDN., Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Mina, A., Lahr, H., & Hughes, A. (2013), “The Demand and Supply of External Finance for Innovative Firms,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 22, 869­-901.
Mitchell, D.W. (1984), “Macro Effects of Interest­Sensitive Aggregate Supply,” Journal of Macroeconomics, 6, 43­-56.
Myers, S.C., & Majluf, N.S. (1984), “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions
when Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have,” Journal of Financial Economics, 13, 187­-221.
Neumeyer, P.A., & Perri, F. (2005), “Business Cycles in Emerging Economies: The Role of Interest Rates,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 52, 345­-380.
Rivera­Batiz, L. A., & Romer, P. M. (1991), “Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 531­-555.
Romer, P. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long­Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 94, 1002­-1037.
Romer, P. (1987), “Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization,” The American Economic Review, 77, 56­-62.
Romer, P. (1990), “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, 71­-102.
Shaller, D.R. (1983), “Working Capital Finance Considerations in a National Income Theory,” The American Economic Review, 73, 156­-165.
Solow, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth,” The Quar­ terly Journal of Economics, 70, 65­-94.
Stokey, N. L. (1990), “Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 587­-616.
Thompson, M.J. (2008), “Complementarities and Costly Investment in a Growth Model,” Journal of Economics, 94, 231­-240.
Vickers, D. (1981), “The Money Capital “Factor”,” Journal of Post Keynesian Eco­ nomics, 4, 260­-265.
Wright, B.D. (1983), “The Economics of Invention Incentives: Patents, Prizes, and Re­ search Contracts,” The American Economic Review, 73, 691­-707.
Wright, D.J. (1999), “Optimal Patent Breadth and Length with Costly Imitation,” Inter­ national Journal of Industrial Organization, 17, 419­-436.
Zeng, J., & Zhang, J. (2007), “Subsidies in an R&D Growth Model with Elastic Labor,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31, 861­-886.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200301en_US