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題名 非政府組織如何確保有效執行養蜂計畫作為扶貧工具？
How Can NGOs Ensure an Effective Implementation of Beekeeping Projects as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation?作者 呂柏硯
Ramirez, Brian Daniel Rubio貢獻者 李栢浡
Lee, Pai Po
呂柏硯
Brian Daniel Rubio Ramirez關鍵詞 養蜂項目
非政府組織
扶貧
有效實施
可持續發展
Beekeeping Projects
NGOs
Poverty Alleviation
Effective Implementation
Sustainable Development日期 2023 上傳時間 6-Jul-2023 16:35:10 (UTC+8) 摘要 .
This study intended to identify the vital elements to ensure the effective implementation of beekeeping projects executed by NGOs as a tool for poverty alleviation. Through literature review and interviews to key members of NGOs, Cooperatives and Beneficiaries, it is found that NGOs play a crucial role in ensuring its effective implementation. Critical elements for success include forming technical teams, promoting technical careers, understanding group strengths and weaknesses, and providing necessary equipment. Cooperatives emphasize genetic improvement, integrated apiary management, transhumance, and climate change. The economic benefits of beekeeping are evident through the sale of honey and other products, promoting community profits, nutrition, and health. Challenges include access to knowledge and funds, awareness of bee forage, and deficient rural infrastructure. Successful projects incorporate new technologies, farmer knowledge development, and market linkages. Beekeeping empowers women and contributes to sustainable development as it aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Effective implementation requires addressing critical elements through a holistic approach by NGOs and development agencies.參考文獻 REFERENCESAbebe, W., & Puskur, R. (2010). Beekeeping sub sector challenges and constraints in Atsbi Wemberta District of eastern zone, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. 5.Ahmad, F., Joshi, S. R., & Gurung, M. B. (2007). Beekeeping and rural development. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.Amulen, D. R., D’Haese, M., Ahikiriza, E., Agea, J. G., Jacobs, F. J., de Graaf, D. C., Smagghe, G., & Cross, P. (2017). The buzz about bees and poverty alleviation: Identifying drivers and barriers of beekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0172820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172820Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2007). The economic lives of the poor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(1), 141–167.Bekele, T., Desalegn, B., & Mitiku, E. (2017). Beekeeping practices, trends and constraints in Bale, South-eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 9(4), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2016.0846Benjamin, A., & McCallum, B. (2008). A world without bees (1. publ). Guardian Books.Bhusal, S., & Thapa, R. (2005). Comparative Study on the Adoption of Improved Beekeeping Technology for Poverty Alleviation. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 26, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.664Bosselmann, A., & Hansted, L. (2014). Payments for pollination services – an unexplored opportunity for African beekeepers.Champetier, A., Sumner, D. A., & Wilen, J. E. (2015). The Bioeconomics of Honey Bees and Pollination. Environmental and Resource Economics, 60(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9761-4Chazovachii, B., Chuma, M., Mushuku, A., Chirenje, L., Chitongo, L., & Mudyariwa, R. (2012). Livelihood Resilient Strategies through Beekeeping in Chitanga Village, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 2(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p124El Agrebi, N., Steinhauer, N., Tosi, S., Leinartz, L., de Graaf, D. C., & Saegerman, C. (2021). Risk and protective indicators of beekeeping management practices. Science of The Total Environment, 799, 149381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149381European Commission. (2016). Honey Market Presentation, Brussels.FAO. (2021). Good beekeeping practices for sustainable apiculture. FAO, IZSLT, Apimondia and CAAS. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5353enHilmi, M., Bradbear, N., & Mejía-Lorío, D. J. (2011). Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods (2nd ed). FAO.Hinton, J., Schouten, C., Austin, A., & Lloyd, D. (2020). An Overview of Rural Development and Small-Scale Beekeeping in Fiji. Bee World, 97(2), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2019.1698104James, R. R., & Pitts-Singer, T. L. (Eds.). (2008). Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems. Oxford University Press.Jolliffe, D., Lanjouw, P., World Bank, & World Bank Group (Eds.). (2015). A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity: Concepts, data, and the twin goals. World Bank Group.Kramer, C. V., & Allen, S. (2015). Malnutrition in developing countries. Paediatrics and Child Health, 25(9), 422–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2015.04.002Kurek-Górecka, A., Górecki, M., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Balwierz, R., & Stojko, J. (2020). Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Molecules, 25(3), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030556Lee, D. (2014). Factors of Success in Beekeeping Development Projects and Their Application to South Africa’s Beekeeping Industry. Pomona Senior Theses, 103. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/103Legesse G Y. (2014). Review of progress in Ethiopian honey production and marketing. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 26(14). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/1/lege26014.htmMazorodze, B. T. (2015). The contribution of apiculture towards rural income in Honde Valley Zimbabwe. https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.212254McKague, K., & Oliver, C. (2012). Enhanced Market Practices: Poverty Alleviation for Poor Producers in Developing Countries. California Management Review, 55(1), 98–129. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2012.55.1.98Minja, G. S., & Nkumilwa, T. J. (2016). The Role Of Beekeeping On Forest Conservation And Poverty Alleviation In Moshi Rural District,Tanzania. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(23), 366. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n23p366Mueller-Hirth, N. (2012). If You Don’t Count, You Don’t Count: Monitoring and Evaluation in South African NGOs: Monitoring and Evaluation in South African NGOs. Development and Change, 43(3), 649–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01776.xNat Schouten, C., & John Lloyd, D. (2019). Considerations and Factors Influencing the Success of Beekeeping Programs in Developing Countries. Bee World, 96(3), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2019.1607805O’Dwyer, B., & Unerman, J. (2010). Enhancing the role of accountability in promoting the rights of beneficiaries of development NGOs. Accounting and Business Research, 40(5), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2010.9995323Omkar (Ed.). (2017). Industrial Entomology. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9Panța, N. D. (2018). Honey Market Dynamics. The Case of Romania. Management of Sustainable Development, 10(2), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.2478/msd-2019-0002Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., & Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1259510Patel, V., Pauli, N., Biggs, E., Barbour, L., & Boruff, B. (2021). Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development. Ambio, 50(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9Paul, S., Issa, N., Kwamé, A., & Joseph, B. I. (2013). Plants used in traditional beekeeping in Burkina Faso. Open Journal of Ecology, 03(05), 354–358. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.35040Pocol, C. B., & McDonough, M. (2015). Women, Apiculture and Development: Evaluating the Impact of a Beekeeping Project on Rural Women’s Livelihoods. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 72(2), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:11423Ramadani, V., Hisrich, R. D., Dana, L.-P., Palalic, R., & Panthi, L. (2019). Beekeeping as a family artisan entrepreneurship business. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(4), 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2017-0245Sanford, M. T. (n.d.). Financial Management for the Beekeeper. 3.Schouten, C. N., & Caldeira, J. (2021). Improving the Effectiveness of Beekeeping Training: A Case Study of Beekeeping Instructors in Fiji. Bee World, 98(2), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885199Sforcin, J. M. (2007). Propolis and the immune system: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012Sperandio, G., Simonetto, A., Carnesecchi, E., Costa, C., Hatjina, F., Tosi, S., & Gilioli, G. (2019). Beekeeping and honey bee colony health: A review and conceptualization of beekeeping management practices implemented in Europe. Science of The Total Environment, 696, 133795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133795Thakur, M. (2012). Bees as Pollinators – Biodiversity and Conservation.United Nations. (2012). The future we want. United Nations General Assembly. Resolution 66/288.Wagner, K., Meilby, H., & Cross, P. (2019). Sticky business—Why do beekeepers keep bees and what makes them successful in Tanzania? Journal of Rural Studies, 66, 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.022Woldewahid, G., Gebremedhin, B., Hoekstra, B., Tegegne, A., Berhe, K., & Weldemariam, D. (2012). Market-oriented beekeeping development to improve smallholder income: Results of development experiences in Atsbi-Womberta District, Northern Ethiopia. IPMS Case Study. Nairobi, Kenya. International Livestock Research Institute.Yang, T. (2012). The UN Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development—What Happened?Yupanqui Mieles, J., Vyas, C., Aslan, E., Humphreys, G., Diver, C., & Bartolo, P. (2022). Honey: An Advanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081663 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
110862016資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110862016 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李栢浡 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Pai Po en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂柏硯 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Brian Daniel Rubio Ramirez en_US dc.creator (作者) 呂柏硯 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Ramirez, Brian Daniel Rubio en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 6-Jul-2023 16:35:10 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 6-Jul-2023 16:35:10 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Jul-2023 16:35:10 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110862016 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145811 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110862016 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) . zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study intended to identify the vital elements to ensure the effective implementation of beekeeping projects executed by NGOs as a tool for poverty alleviation. Through literature review and interviews to key members of NGOs, Cooperatives and Beneficiaries, it is found that NGOs play a crucial role in ensuring its effective implementation. Critical elements for success include forming technical teams, promoting technical careers, understanding group strengths and weaknesses, and providing necessary equipment. Cooperatives emphasize genetic improvement, integrated apiary management, transhumance, and climate change. The economic benefits of beekeeping are evident through the sale of honey and other products, promoting community profits, nutrition, and health. Challenges include access to knowledge and funds, awareness of bee forage, and deficient rural infrastructure. Successful projects incorporate new technologies, farmer knowledge development, and market linkages. Beekeeping empowers women and contributes to sustainable development as it aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Effective implementation requires addressing critical elements through a holistic approach by NGOs and development agencies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - i -ABSTRACT - ii -TABLE OF CONTENTS - iii -LIST OF FIGURES - vi -CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - 1 -1.1 Research Background & Motivation - 1 -1.2 Research Objective - 2 -1.3 Research Questions - 3 -1.4 Delimitation of the Research - 3 -CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW - 5 -2.1 Poverty Alleviation - 5 -2.2 Exploring the Potential of Beekeeping - 7 -2.2.1 Honey and Byproducts -10 -2.2.2 Honeybees and Agricultural Production - 11 -2.2.3 Economic Growth through Pollination Services -12-2.2.4 Beekeeping as a Diversification Strategy - 14 -2.2.5 Beekeeping Contributions Towards the SustainableDevelopment Goals - 15 -2.3 NGO’s and Beekeeping as a Tool - 16 -2.4 Elements for Effective Implementation of Beekeeping - 19 -2.4.1 Selection of Beneficiaries - 19 -2.4.2 Specialized Technical Assistance - 20 -2.4.3 Developing an Entrepreneurial Spirit - 22 -2.4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Practices - 22 -CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY - 24 -3.1 Research Framework - 24 -3.2 Research Procedure - 25 -3.3 Instrument and Data Analysis - 26 -CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS - 29 -4.1 Critical Elements for the Successful Implementation of Beekeeping Projects - 30 -4.2 Beekeeping`s Potential as A Poverty Alleviation Tool and its Impact on Socio Economic Development - 33 -4.3 The Potential for Sustainability and Scalability -38-4.4 Empowering Women through Beekeeping Projects: Measures and Impacts - 41 -4.5 Literature Review Findings on Beekeeping Projects Executed by NGOs In Developing Countries - 42 -4.6 Recommendations for NGOs to Initiate or ImproveBeekeeping Projects - 46 -4.7 Discussions - 49 -CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - 52 –5.1 Conclusions - 52 -5.2 Recommendations - 54 -5.3 Research Limitations - 55 -5.4 Future Research Suggestions - 56 -REFERENCES - 57 -APPENDIX I: Interview Consent Letter - 63 -APPENDIX II: Interview Questions for Key Members of NGOs - 64 -APPENDIX III: Interview Questions for Key Members of Cooperatives - 66 -APPENDIX IV: Interview Questions for Beneficiaries - 68 -APPENDIX V: Interview Transcripts - 69 – zh_TW dc.format.extent 809502 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110862016 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 養蜂項目 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非政府組織 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 扶貧 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有效實施 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可持續發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Beekeeping Projects en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) NGOs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Poverty Alleviation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Effective Implementation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sustainable Development en_US dc.title (題名) 非政府組織如何確保有效執行養蜂計畫作為扶貧工具？ zh_TW dc.title (題名) How Can NGOs Ensure an Effective Implementation of Beekeeping Projects as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation? en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) REFERENCESAbebe, W., & Puskur, R. (2010). Beekeeping sub sector challenges and constraints in Atsbi Wemberta District of eastern zone, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. 5.Ahmad, F., Joshi, S. R., & Gurung, M. B. (2007). Beekeeping and rural development. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.Amulen, D. R., D’Haese, M., Ahikiriza, E., Agea, J. G., Jacobs, F. J., de Graaf, D. C., Smagghe, G., & Cross, P. (2017). The buzz about bees and poverty alleviation: Identifying drivers and barriers of beekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0172820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172820Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2007). The economic lives of the poor. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(1), 141–167.Bekele, T., Desalegn, B., & Mitiku, E. (2017). Beekeeping practices, trends and constraints in Bale, South-eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 9(4), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2016.0846Benjamin, A., & McCallum, B. (2008). A world without bees (1. publ). Guardian Books.Bhusal, S., & Thapa, R. (2005). Comparative Study on the Adoption of Improved Beekeeping Technology for Poverty Alleviation. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 26, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.664Bosselmann, A., & Hansted, L. (2014). Payments for pollination services – an unexplored opportunity for African beekeepers.Champetier, A., Sumner, D. A., & Wilen, J. E. (2015). The Bioeconomics of Honey Bees and Pollination. Environmental and Resource Economics, 60(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9761-4Chazovachii, B., Chuma, M., Mushuku, A., Chirenje, L., Chitongo, L., & Mudyariwa, R. (2012). Livelihood Resilient Strategies through Beekeeping in Chitanga Village, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 2(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n1p124El Agrebi, N., Steinhauer, N., Tosi, S., Leinartz, L., de Graaf, D. C., & Saegerman, C. (2021). Risk and protective indicators of beekeeping management practices. Science of The Total Environment, 799, 149381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149381European Commission. (2016). Honey Market Presentation, Brussels.FAO. (2021). Good beekeeping practices for sustainable apiculture. FAO, IZSLT, Apimondia and CAAS. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5353enHilmi, M., Bradbear, N., & Mejía-Lorío, D. J. (2011). Beekeeping and sustainable livelihoods (2nd ed). FAO.Hinton, J., Schouten, C., Austin, A., & Lloyd, D. (2020). An Overview of Rural Development and Small-Scale Beekeeping in Fiji. Bee World, 97(2), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2019.1698104James, R. R., & Pitts-Singer, T. L. (Eds.). (2008). Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems. Oxford University Press.Jolliffe, D., Lanjouw, P., World Bank, & World Bank Group (Eds.). (2015). A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity: Concepts, data, and the twin goals. World Bank Group.Kramer, C. V., & Allen, S. (2015). Malnutrition in developing countries. Paediatrics and Child Health, 25(9), 422–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2015.04.002Kurek-Górecka, A., Górecki, M., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Balwierz, R., & Stojko, J. (2020). Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Molecules, 25(3), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030556Lee, D. (2014). Factors of Success in Beekeeping Development Projects and Their Application to South Africa’s Beekeeping Industry. Pomona Senior Theses, 103. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/103Legesse G Y. (2014). Review of progress in Ethiopian honey production and marketing. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 26(14). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/1/lege26014.htmMazorodze, B. T. (2015). The contribution of apiculture towards rural income in Honde Valley Zimbabwe. https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.212254McKague, K., & Oliver, C. (2012). Enhanced Market Practices: Poverty Alleviation for Poor Producers in Developing Countries. California Management Review, 55(1), 98–129. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2012.55.1.98Minja, G. S., & Nkumilwa, T. J. (2016). The Role Of Beekeeping On Forest Conservation And Poverty Alleviation In Moshi Rural District,Tanzania. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(23), 366. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n23p366Mueller-Hirth, N. (2012). If You Don’t Count, You Don’t Count: Monitoring and Evaluation in South African NGOs: Monitoring and Evaluation in South African NGOs. Development and Change, 43(3), 649–670. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01776.xNat Schouten, C., & John Lloyd, D. (2019). Considerations and Factors Influencing the Success of Beekeeping Programs in Developing Countries. Bee World, 96(3), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2019.1607805O’Dwyer, B., & Unerman, J. (2010). Enhancing the role of accountability in promoting the rights of beneficiaries of development NGOs. Accounting and Business Research, 40(5), 451–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2010.9995323Omkar (Ed.). (2017). Industrial Entomology. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9Panța, N. D. (2018). Honey Market Dynamics. The Case of Romania. Management of Sustainable Development, 10(2), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.2478/msd-2019-0002Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., & Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1259510Patel, V., Pauli, N., Biggs, E., Barbour, L., & Boruff, B. (2021). Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development. Ambio, 50(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9Paul, S., Issa, N., Kwamé, A., & Joseph, B. I. (2013). Plants used in traditional beekeeping in Burkina Faso. Open Journal of Ecology, 03(05), 354–358. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.35040Pocol, C. B., & McDonough, M. (2015). Women, Apiculture and Development: Evaluating the Impact of a Beekeeping Project on Rural Women’s Livelihoods. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 72(2), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:11423Ramadani, V., Hisrich, R. D., Dana, L.-P., Palalic, R., & Panthi, L. (2019). Beekeeping as a family artisan entrepreneurship business. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(4), 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2017-0245Sanford, M. T. (n.d.). Financial Management for the Beekeeper. 3.Schouten, C. N., & Caldeira, J. (2021). Improving the Effectiveness of Beekeeping Training: A Case Study of Beekeeping Instructors in Fiji. Bee World, 98(2), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885199Sforcin, J. M. (2007). Propolis and the immune system: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012Sperandio, G., Simonetto, A., Carnesecchi, E., Costa, C., Hatjina, F., Tosi, S., & Gilioli, G. (2019). Beekeeping and honey bee colony health: A review and conceptualization of beekeeping management practices implemented in Europe. Science of The Total Environment, 696, 133795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133795Thakur, M. (2012). Bees as Pollinators – Biodiversity and Conservation.United Nations. (2012). The future we want. United Nations General Assembly. Resolution 66/288.Wagner, K., Meilby, H., & Cross, P. (2019). Sticky business—Why do beekeepers keep bees and what makes them successful in Tanzania? Journal of Rural Studies, 66, 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.022Woldewahid, G., Gebremedhin, B., Hoekstra, B., Tegegne, A., Berhe, K., & Weldemariam, D. (2012). Market-oriented beekeeping development to improve smallholder income: Results of development experiences in Atsbi-Womberta District, Northern Ethiopia. IPMS Case Study. Nairobi, Kenya. International Livestock Research Institute.Yang, T. (2012). The UN Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development—What Happened?Yupanqui Mieles, J., Vyas, C., Aslan, E., Humphreys, G., Diver, C., & Bartolo, P. (2022). Honey: An Advanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081663 zh_TW
