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題名 育嬰津貼對生育與婦女勞動供給的影響: 來自2018年紐約州改革的證據
The Effects of Paid Family Leave on Fertility and Maternal Labor Supply: Evidence from 2018 New York Reform作者 金賢
Kim, Brian貢獻者 楊子霆
Yang, Tzu-Ting
金賢
Kim, Brian關鍵詞 育嬰津貼
生育
婦女勞動
紐約州改革
Paid leave
Fertility
Mother`s labor supply
New York reform日期 2023 上傳時間 6-Jul-2023 16:56:11 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文分析紐約提帶薪育嬰假(NY-PFL)對生育率和休假率的 影響。首先，使用差異中差異法，我發現NY-PFL將紐約母親的 生育率提高了2.9%，其中黑人和40多歲的女性受到政策的影響最大。接下來，我發現NY-PFL實施後，紐約母親休假的可能性增加 了10.8%。影響最大的是弱勢女性，即黑人和非大學教育的女性，其次是大學教育和亞洲女性。最後，我也發現30-40歲的女性在改革後較容易休假。
This paper analyzes the effects of the New York Paid Family Leave (NY-PFL) on fertility and leave-taking rates. First, using a difference-in-differences strategy, I discover that NY-PFL increased the fertility rate of New York mothers by 2.9 percent where Black and women in their 40s were most sensitive to the policy. Next, I employ a difference-in-difference-in-differences design to find that New York mothers are 10.8 percent more likely to be on leave following the NY-PFL. The effects were largest for disadvantaged women, namely Black and non-college-educated women, followed by college-educated and Asian women. In addition, the increases were primarily driven by older women in theirs 30s and 40s.參考文獻 Abadie, A., Diamond, A., and Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Meth- ods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490):493–505.Baker, M. and Milligan, K. (2008). How Does Job-Protected Maternity Leave Affect Mothers’ Employment? Journal of Labor Economics, 26(4):655–691.Bartel, A. P. (2017). Paid Family Leave, Fathers’ Leave-Taking, and Leave-Sharing in Dual-Earner Households - PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29320808/.Bassford, M. and Fisher, H. (2020). The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Fertility Intentions*. Economic Record, 96(315):402–430.Becker, G. (1960). An Economic Analysis of Fertility. NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Bergsvik, J., Fauske, A., and Hart, R. K. (2020). Effects of policy on fertility: A systematic review of (quasi)experiments. Working Paper 922, Discussion Papers.Burtle, A. and Bezruchka, S. (2016). Population Health and Paid Parental Leave: What the United States Can Learn from Two Decades of Research. Healthcare, 4(2):30.Cygan-Rehm, K. (2016). Parental leave benefit and differential fertility re- sponses: Evidence from a German reform. Journal of Population Economics, 29(1):73–103.Gauthier, A. H. (2007). The impact of family policies on fertility in industrialized countries: A review of the literature. Population Research and Policy Review, 26(3):323–346.Golightly, E. and Meyerhofer, P. (2022). Does Paid Family Leave Cause Mothers to Have More Children? Evidence from California. Journal of Labor Research, 43(2):203–238.Golightly, E. K. (2020). Essays on Policy, Fertility, and Education. Thesis.Grant, J., Hoorens, S., Sivadasan, S., Loo, M. V. H., Davanzo, J., Hale, L., and Butz, W. (2006). Trends in European fertility: Should Europe try to increase its fertility rate. . . or just manage the consequences?1. International Journal of Andrology, 29(1):17–24.Guzzo, K. B. and Hayford, S. R. (2023). Evolving Fertility Goals and Behaviors in Current U.S. Childbearing Cohorts. Population and Development Review, n/a(n/a).Han, W.-J., Ruhm, C., and Waldfogel, J. (2009). Parental leave policies and parents’ employment and leave-taking. Journal of Policy Analysis and Man- agement, 28(1):29–54.Hoem, J. M. (2005). Why does Sweden have such high fertility? Demographic Research, 13:559–572.Klerman, J. A. and Leibowitz, A. (1994). The Work-Employment Distinction among New Mothers. The Journal of Human Resources, 29(2):277–303.Klerman, J. A. and Leibowitz, A. (1999). Job continuity among new mothers. Demography, 36(2):145–155.Luci-Greulich, A. and Thévenon, O. (2013). The Impact of Family Policies on Fertility Trends in Developed Countries. European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie, 29(4):387–416.McDonald, P. (2006). Low Fertility and the State: The Efficacy of Policy. Population and Development Review, 32(3):485–510.McDonald, P. and Kippen, R. (2001). Labor Supply Prospects in 16 Developed Countries, 2000–2050. Population and Development Review, 27(1):1–32.Myong, S., Park, J., and Yi, J. (2021). Social Norms and Fertility. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(5):2429–2466.Nagarajan, N. R., Teixeira, A. A. C., and Silva, S. T. (2016). The impact of an ageing population on economic growth: An exploratory review of the main mechanisms. Análise Social, 51(218):4–35.Olivetti, C. and Petrongolo, B. (2017). The Economic Consequences of Family Policies: Lessons from a Century of Legislation in High-Income Countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(1):205–230.Pronzato, C. D. (2009). Return to work after childbirth: Does parental leave matter in Europe? Review of Economics of the Household, 7(4):341–360.Rossin-Slater, M., Ruhm, C. J., and Waldfogel, J. (2013). The Effects of California’s Paid Family Leave Program on Mothers’ Leave-Taking and Subsequent Labor Market Outcomes. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(2):224–245.Salvanes, K. G., Carneiro, P. M., and Løken, K. V. (2010). A Flying Start? Long Term Consequences of Maternal Time Investments in Children During Their First Year of Life.Shim, J. Y. (2014). Family Leave Policy and Child Health.Stropnik, N. and Šircelj, M. (2008). Slovenia: Generous family policy without evidence of any fertility impact. Demographic Research, 19:1019–1058.Tanaka, S. (2005). Parental Leave and Child Health Across OECD Countries. The Economic Journal, 115(501):F7–F28.Thévenon, O. (2011). Family Policies in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Population and Development Review, 37(1):57–87.Voicu, M. and Bădoi, D. (2021). Fertility and the COVID-19 crisis: Do gender roles really matter? European Societies, 23(sup1):S199–S214.Waldfogel, J. (1998). The Family Gap for Young Women in the United States and Britain: Can Maternity Leave Make a Difference? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(3):505–545. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
110266021資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266021 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 楊子霆 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Tzu-Ting en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 金賢 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kim, Brian en_US dc.creator (作者) 金賢 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Kim, Brian en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 6-Jul-2023 16:56:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 6-Jul-2023 16:56:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Jul-2023 16:56:11 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110266021 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145903 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110266021 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文分析紐約提帶薪育嬰假(NY-PFL)對生育率和休假率的 影響。首先，使用差異中差異法，我發現NY-PFL將紐約母親的 生育率提高了2.9%，其中黑人和40多歲的女性受到政策的影響最大。接下來，我發現NY-PFL實施後，紐約母親休假的可能性增加 了10.8%。影響最大的是弱勢女性，即黑人和非大學教育的女性，其次是大學教育和亞洲女性。最後，我也發現30-40歲的女性在改革後較容易休假。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper analyzes the effects of the New York Paid Family Leave (NY-PFL) on fertility and leave-taking rates. First, using a difference-in-differences strategy, I discover that NY-PFL increased the fertility rate of New York mothers by 2.9 percent where Black and women in their 40s were most sensitive to the policy. Next, I employ a difference-in-difference-in-differences design to find that New York mothers are 10.8 percent more likely to be on leave following the NY-PFL. The effects were largest for disadvantaged women, namely Black and non-college-educated women, followed by college-educated and Asian women. In addition, the increases were primarily driven by older women in theirs 30s and 40s. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 42 Background 62.1 Paid Family Leave in the United States 72.2 Fertility 82.3 Leave-taking 93 Data 114 NY-PFL Effects on Fertility Rate 134.1 Methodology 134.2 Results 164.3 Robustness 194.4 Heterogeneity 225 NY-PFL Effects on Mother’s Leave-taking 265.1 Methodology 265.2 Results 285.3 Robustness 335.4 Heterogeneity 346 Conclusion 37References 39 zh_TW dc.format.extent 976739 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266021 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 育嬰津貼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生育 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 婦女勞動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 紐約州改革 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Paid leave en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Fertility en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mother`s labor supply en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) New York reform en_US dc.title (題名) 育嬰津貼對生育與婦女勞動供給的影響: 來自2018年紐約州改革的證據 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Effects of Paid Family Leave on Fertility and Maternal Labor Supply: Evidence from 2018 New York Reform en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abadie, A., Diamond, A., and Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Meth- ods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490):493–505.Baker, M. and Milligan, K. (2008). How Does Job-Protected Maternity Leave Affect Mothers’ Employment? Journal of Labor Economics, 26(4):655–691.Bartel, A. P. (2017). Paid Family Leave, Fathers’ Leave-Taking, and Leave-Sharing in Dual-Earner Households - PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29320808/.Bassford, M. and Fisher, H. (2020). The Impact of Paid Parental Leave on Fertility Intentions*. Economic Record, 96(315):402–430.Becker, G. (1960). An Economic Analysis of Fertility. NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Bergsvik, J., Fauske, A., and Hart, R. K. (2020). Effects of policy on fertility: A systematic review of (quasi)experiments. Working Paper 922, Discussion Papers.Burtle, A. and Bezruchka, S. (2016). Population Health and Paid Parental Leave: What the United States Can Learn from Two Decades of Research. Healthcare, 4(2):30.Cygan-Rehm, K. (2016). Parental leave benefit and differential fertility re- sponses: Evidence from a German reform. Journal of Population Economics, 29(1):73–103.Gauthier, A. H. (2007). The impact of family policies on fertility in industrialized countries: A review of the literature. Population Research and Policy Review, 26(3):323–346.Golightly, E. and Meyerhofer, P. (2022). Does Paid Family Leave Cause Mothers to Have More Children? Evidence from California. Journal of Labor Research, 43(2):203–238.Golightly, E. K. (2020). Essays on Policy, Fertility, and Education. Thesis.Grant, J., Hoorens, S., Sivadasan, S., Loo, M. V. H., Davanzo, J., Hale, L., and Butz, W. (2006). Trends in European fertility: Should Europe try to increase its fertility rate. . . or just manage the consequences?1. International Journal of Andrology, 29(1):17–24.Guzzo, K. B. and Hayford, S. R. (2023). Evolving Fertility Goals and Behaviors in Current U.S. Childbearing Cohorts. Population and Development Review, n/a(n/a).Han, W.-J., Ruhm, C., and Waldfogel, J. (2009). Parental leave policies and parents’ employment and leave-taking. Journal of Policy Analysis and Man- agement, 28(1):29–54.Hoem, J. M. (2005). Why does Sweden have such high fertility? Demographic Research, 13:559–572.Klerman, J. A. and Leibowitz, A. (1994). The Work-Employment Distinction among New Mothers. The Journal of Human Resources, 29(2):277–303.Klerman, J. A. and Leibowitz, A. (1999). Job continuity among new mothers. Demography, 36(2):145–155.Luci-Greulich, A. and Thévenon, O. (2013). The Impact of Family Policies on Fertility Trends in Developed Countries. European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie, 29(4):387–416.McDonald, P. (2006). Low Fertility and the State: The Efficacy of Policy. Population and Development Review, 32(3):485–510.McDonald, P. and Kippen, R. (2001). Labor Supply Prospects in 16 Developed Countries, 2000–2050. Population and Development Review, 27(1):1–32.Myong, S., Park, J., and Yi, J. (2021). Social Norms and Fertility. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(5):2429–2466.Nagarajan, N. R., Teixeira, A. A. C., and Silva, S. T. (2016). The impact of an ageing population on economic growth: An exploratory review of the main mechanisms. Análise Social, 51(218):4–35.Olivetti, C. and Petrongolo, B. (2017). The Economic Consequences of Family Policies: Lessons from a Century of Legislation in High-Income Countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(1):205–230.Pronzato, C. D. (2009). Return to work after childbirth: Does parental leave matter in Europe? Review of Economics of the Household, 7(4):341–360.Rossin-Slater, M., Ruhm, C. J., and Waldfogel, J. (2013). The Effects of California’s Paid Family Leave Program on Mothers’ Leave-Taking and Subsequent Labor Market Outcomes. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(2):224–245.Salvanes, K. G., Carneiro, P. M., and Løken, K. V. (2010). A Flying Start? Long Term Consequences of Maternal Time Investments in Children During Their First Year of Life.Shim, J. Y. (2014). Family Leave Policy and Child Health.Stropnik, N. and Šircelj, M. (2008). Slovenia: Generous family policy without evidence of any fertility impact. Demographic Research, 19:1019–1058.Tanaka, S. (2005). Parental Leave and Child Health Across OECD Countries. The Economic Journal, 115(501):F7–F28.Thévenon, O. (2011). Family Policies in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Population and Development Review, 37(1):57–87.Voicu, M. and Bădoi, D. (2021). Fertility and the COVID-19 crisis: Do gender roles really matter? European Societies, 23(sup1):S199–S214.Waldfogel, J. (1998). The Family Gap for Young Women in the United States and Britain: Can Maternity Leave Make a Difference? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(3):505–545. zh_TW
