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題名 兩性凝視之差異—分析電影《自殺突擊隊》和《猛 禽小隊:小丑女大解放》的哈莉奎因
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE GAZE AND FEMALE GAZE - BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTER, HARLEY QUINN, IN THE FILMS SUICIDE SQUAD AND BIRDS OF PREY作者 蔡柔俞
Sanjaya, Priscilla Eugenia貢獻者 王淑美
Wang, Sumei
蔡柔俞
Sanjaya, Priscilla Eugenia關鍵詞 男性凝視
女性凝視
性別表徵
刻板印象
媒體描繪
客觀化
哈莉奎因
權力動態
male gaze
female gaze
gender representation
stereotypes
media portrayal
objectification
Harley Quinn
power dynamics日期 2023 上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 14:14:56 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文通過對兩性凝視之差異—分析電影《自殺突擊隊》和《猛 禽小隊:小丑女大解放》的哈莉奎因。這項研究的動機源於媒體中男性目光的持續影響，這往往會延續刻板印象、客觀化和權力失衡。通過檢查這兩部電影中對哈莉奎因的描述, 這項研究旨在揭示男性凝視和女性凝視塑造哈莉奎因形象的不同方式，以及凝視對角色的關鍵差異。該分析是使用電視分析代碼和三種凝視分析的理論框架進行的，提供了對所起作用的視覺和敘事元素的全面理解。研究結果表明，《自殺突擊隊》中哈莉奎因的形像很大程度上受到男性目光的影響，因為她被性感化、物化，並被定位為被動的慾望對象。相比之下，《猛禽小隊：小丑女大解放》則採用了更加賦權和自我決定的角色形象，擁抱女性視角，強調她的能動性、獨立性和個人成長。本論文通過探討哈莉奎因與男性凝視和女性凝視之間的關係，為媒體中性別表徵的討論做出了貢獻。這項研究的結果強調了超越客觀化並擁抱電影中女性角色更加多樣化和賦權的重要性。
This thesis explores the differences between the male gaze and the female gaze through an analysis of the character Harley Quinn in the films Suicide Squad and Birds of Prey. The motivation for this research stems from the persistent influence of the male gaze in media, which often perpetuates stereotypes, objectification, and power imbalances. By examining the depiction of Harley Quinn in these two films, this research aims to shed light on the distinct ways in which the male gaze and the female gaze shape the portrayal of Harley Quinn and the key differences the gazes have on the character.The analysis is conducted using the theoretical framework of the codes of television analysis and the three gazes analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the visual and narrative elements at play. The findings reveal that the portrayal of Harley Quinn in Suicide Squad is heavily influenced by the male gaze, as she is sexualized, objectified, and positioned as a passive object of desire. In contrast, Birds of Prey adopts a more empowering and self-determined portrayal of the character, embracing the female gaze and emphasizing her agency, independence, and personal growth. This thesis contributes to the discourse on gender representation in media by exploring the portrayal of Harley Quinn in relation to the male gaze and the female gaze. The findings of this research highlight the importance of moving beyond objectification and embracing more diverse and empowering representations of female characters in film.參考文獻 Acuna, K. (2020). The ‘Birds of Prey’ costume designer walks us through creating some of Harley Quinn’s colorful looks. Insider. https://www.insider.com/birds-of-prey-harley-looks-costume-designer-2020-2Arlina, T., & Nuraeni, R. (2022). John Fiske’s Semiotic Analysis: Representation of Social Criticism in Pretty Boys. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5 (2), 15430 - 15440. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5427Asghar, J. (2013). Critical Paradigm: A Preamble for Novice Researchers. Life Science Journal, 10 (4), 3121-3127. http://www.lifesciencesite.com.Ayer, D (Director). (2016), Suicide Squad [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.Batobara, M. (2021). The Image of Woman and the Concept of Male Gaze in George Bernard Shaw’s Arms and the Man. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 66, 442 - 452. DOI: 10.33193/JALHSS.66.2021.473Bielby, D., & Bielby, W. (1996). Women and Men in Film: Gender Inequality among Writers in a Culture Industry. Gender and Society, 10(3) , 248 - 270. https://www.jstor.org/stable/189696Bihlmeyer, J. (2002). Jane Campion’s The Piano: The Female Gaze, the Speculum and the Chora within the H(y)st(e)rical Film. Feminine Politics in Popular Culture: The Construction of Gender, 4(1): 13. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48856719.pdf.Blum, L. (2004). Stereotypes and Stereotyping: A Moral Analysis. Philosophical Papers, 33(3), 251 - 289. https://philpapers.org/archive/LAWSAS-2.pdfBowers, S. (1990). Medusa and the Female Gaze. NWSA Journal, 2 (2), 217-235. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4316018Brey, I. (2020). The Female Gaze: A Revolution Onscreen. The French Publishers’ Agency: New York.Burke, L. (2015). The Comic Book Film Adaptation: Exploring Modern Hollywood’s Leading Gender. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.Burns, A. (2009). Action, Romance, or Science Fiction: Your Favorite Movie Genre May Affect Your Communication. American Communication Journal, 11(4), 1-17. https://ac-journal.org/journal/2009/Winter/Articles/110404%20Action,%20Romance,%20Science%20Fiction.pdfCohen, P. (2010). What have Clothes Got to Do with It? Romantic Comedy and the Female Gaze. Southwest Review, 95(1/2), 78 - 88. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43473039Cripa, J., & Hallak, J. (2012). Dr Harley Quinn, the villain from Gotham City with dependent personality disorder - psychiatry in pictures. The British Journal of Psychology, 200 (4), 267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.102020Columpar, C. (2002). The Gaze As Theoretical Touchstone: The Intersection of Film Studies, Feminist Theory, and Postcolonial Theory. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 30 (1/2), 25-44. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40004635Dapolito, M. (2016) A Contemporary Analysis of Action Films with Female Leads. Inquiries Journal, 8(09), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1442Demir, M., Kaya, L., Turan, M., & Vural Batik, M. (2021). Cinderella Syndrome “Women with Fear of Independence”: Developing a Scale. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(1), 166-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2021.8.1.236De Vries, D., & Peter, J. (2013). 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Suicide Squad’s David Ayer Claps Back at Fans Saying Harley Quinn’s Costume Was Too Sexual. CinemaBlend. https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2496004/suicide-squads-david-ayer-claps-back-at-fans-saying-harley-quinns-costume-was-too-sexualRegev, R. (2016). Hollywood Works: How Creativity Became Labor in the Studio System. Enterprise & Society, 17(3), 591-617. doi:10.1017/eso.2015.89Rodman, R. (1997). And Now an Ideology from Our Sponsor: Musical Style and Semiosis in American Television Commercials. College Music Symposium, 37, 21-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40374302Ritland, R. (2018). Visual pleasure from motherhood: Alyssa Milano challenging the male gaze. Media, Culture & Society, 40 (8), 1281-1291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443718798902Schuckmann, P. (1998). Masculinity, the Male Spectator and the Homoerotic Gaze. American Studies, 43 (4), 671-680. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41157425Seyffer, L. (2017). ‘Wonder Woman’ and the importance of the female gaze. 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Birds of Prey [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
110461028資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461028 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 王淑美 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Sumei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡柔俞 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Sanjaya, Priscilla Eugenia en_US dc.creator (作者) 蔡柔俞 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Sanjaya, Priscilla Eugenia en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 14:14:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 14:14:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 14:14:56 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110461028 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146617 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110461028 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文通過對兩性凝視之差異—分析電影《自殺突擊隊》和《猛 禽小隊:小丑女大解放》的哈莉奎因。這項研究的動機源於媒體中男性目光的持續影響，這往往會延續刻板印象、客觀化和權力失衡。通過檢查這兩部電影中對哈莉奎因的描述, 這項研究旨在揭示男性凝視和女性凝視塑造哈莉奎因形象的不同方式，以及凝視對角色的關鍵差異。該分析是使用電視分析代碼和三種凝視分析的理論框架進行的，提供了對所起作用的視覺和敘事元素的全面理解。研究結果表明，《自殺突擊隊》中哈莉奎因的形像很大程度上受到男性目光的影響，因為她被性感化、物化，並被定位為被動的慾望對象。相比之下，《猛禽小隊：小丑女大解放》則採用了更加賦權和自我決定的角色形象，擁抱女性視角，強調她的能動性、獨立性和個人成長。本論文通過探討哈莉奎因與男性凝視和女性凝視之間的關係，為媒體中性別表徵的討論做出了貢獻。這項研究的結果強調了超越客觀化並擁抱電影中女性角色更加多樣化和賦權的重要性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the differences between the male gaze and the female gaze through an analysis of the character Harley Quinn in the films Suicide Squad and Birds of Prey. The motivation for this research stems from the persistent influence of the male gaze in media, which often perpetuates stereotypes, objectification, and power imbalances. By examining the depiction of Harley Quinn in these two films, this research aims to shed light on the distinct ways in which the male gaze and the female gaze shape the portrayal of Harley Quinn and the key differences the gazes have on the character.The analysis is conducted using the theoretical framework of the codes of television analysis and the three gazes analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the visual and narrative elements at play. The findings reveal that the portrayal of Harley Quinn in Suicide Squad is heavily influenced by the male gaze, as she is sexualized, objectified, and positioned as a passive object of desire. In contrast, Birds of Prey adopts a more empowering and self-determined portrayal of the character, embracing the female gaze and emphasizing her agency, independence, and personal growth. This thesis contributes to the discourse on gender representation in media by exploring the portrayal of Harley Quinn in relation to the male gaze and the female gaze. The findings of this research highlight the importance of moving beyond objectification and embracing more diverse and empowering representations of female characters in film. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgement i摘要 iiAbstract iiiTable Of Contents ivList Of Figures viList Of Tables ix1. Introduction 11.1 Research Background 11.2 Research Motivations 42. Literature Review 72.1 Gender And Power In Film: Representation And Stereotyping 72.1.1 Cultural Industry 72.1.2 Gender Stereotypes In Popular Culture 92.1.3 Portrayal Of Female Characters In Action Films 122.2 The Male Gaze 132.2.1 John Fiske Semiotic Analysis 142.2.2 Laura Mulvey’s Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema 162.2.3 The Three Gazes 172.2.4 Gender Representation And Objectification In The Male Gaze 182.3 The Female Gaze 212.3.1 Emergence And Definition Of The Female Gaze 212.3.2 Subverting Gender Norms And Reclaiming Agency 222.3.3 Female Gaze In Films 243. Research Methods 273.1 Research Questions 273.2 Background Of The Two Movies 273.2.1 Harley Quinn 273.2.2 Suicide Squad 283.2.3 Birds Of Prey 293.3 Research Design 313.3.1 John Fiske’s Semiotic Analysis 313.4 Data Collection 334. Chosen Scenes from Two Films 364.1 Suicide Squad 364.1.1 Scene One (Harley Quinn Introduction Scene) 364.1.2 Scene Two (Harley Quinn Changing In The Prison) 394.2 Birds of Prey 424.2.1 Scene One (Harley Quinn Nightclub And Ace Chemical Scene) 424.2.2 Scene Two (Harley Quinn Police Station Fight) 465. Research Findings and Analysis 515.1 Codes Of Television Analysis 515.1.1 Level Reality 515.1.1.1 Appearance Code 515.1.1.2 Environment Code 525.1.1.3 Expression and Behavior Code 535.1.2 Level Representation 545.1.2.1 Camera Angles Code 545.3.2.2 Dialogue Code 555.1.3 Level Ideology 555.1.3.1 Individualism Code 555.1.3.2 Patriarchal Code 565.2 Three Gaze Analysis 605.2.1 Character Gaze 605.2.2 Audience Gaze 635.2.3 Camera Gaze 666. Conclusion 716.1 Findings And Contribution 716.2 Limitation 82References 84 zh_TW dc.format.extent 106907950 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110461028 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 男性凝視 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性凝視 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別表徵 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 刻板印象 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體描繪 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客觀化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 哈莉奎因 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力動態 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) male gaze en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) female gaze en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) gender representation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) stereotypes en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) media portrayal en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) objectification en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Harley Quinn en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) power dynamics en_US dc.title (題名) 兩性凝視之差異—分析電影《自殺突擊隊》和《猛 禽小隊:小丑女大解放》的哈莉奎因 zh_TW dc.title (題名) DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE GAZE AND FEMALE GAZE - BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTER, HARLEY QUINN, IN THE FILMS SUICIDE SQUAD AND BIRDS OF PREY en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Acuna, K. (2020). The ‘Birds of Prey’ costume designer walks us through creating some of Harley Quinn’s colorful looks. Insider. https://www.insider.com/birds-of-prey-harley-looks-costume-designer-2020-2Arlina, T., & Nuraeni, R. (2022). John Fiske’s Semiotic Analysis: Representation of Social Criticism in Pretty Boys. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5 (2), 15430 - 15440. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5427Asghar, J. (2013). Critical Paradigm: A Preamble for Novice Researchers. Life Science Journal, 10 (4), 3121-3127. http://www.lifesciencesite.com.Ayer, D (Director). (2016), Suicide Squad [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.Batobara, M. (2021). The Image of Woman and the Concept of Male Gaze in George Bernard Shaw’s Arms and the Man. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 66, 442 - 452. DOI: 10.33193/JALHSS.66.2021.473Bielby, D., & Bielby, W. (1996). Women and Men in Film: Gender Inequality among Writers in a Culture Industry. Gender and Society, 10(3) , 248 - 270. https://www.jstor.org/stable/189696Bihlmeyer, J. (2002). Jane Campion’s The Piano: The Female Gaze, the Speculum and the Chora within the H(y)st(e)rical Film. Feminine Politics in Popular Culture: The Construction of Gender, 4(1): 13. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48856719.pdf.Blum, L. (2004). Stereotypes and Stereotyping: A Moral Analysis. Philosophical Papers, 33(3), 251 - 289. https://philpapers.org/archive/LAWSAS-2.pdfBowers, S. (1990). Medusa and the Female Gaze. NWSA Journal, 2 (2), 217-235. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4316018Brey, I. (2020). The Female Gaze: A Revolution Onscreen. The French Publishers’ Agency: New York.Burke, L. (2015). The Comic Book Film Adaptation: Exploring Modern Hollywood’s Leading Gender. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.Burns, A. (2009). Action, Romance, or Science Fiction: Your Favorite Movie Genre May Affect Your Communication. 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