1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Commerce
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 探討非同質化代幣（NFT）平台之商業模式發展 – 以台灣Jcard平台為例
Exploring the Business Model Development of Non-Fungible Token Platform: A Case Study of Jcard Platform in Taiwan
作者 汪佳蓉
JUNG, WANG CHIA
貢獻者 柯玉佳
汪佳蓉
WANG CHIA JUNG
關鍵詞 非同質化代幣
商業模式
區塊鏈
NFT
Non-Fungible Token
Business model
Blockchain
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 14:49:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 自2020年底起，「非同質化代幣」(Non-Fungible Token, NFT)一詞開始在各大媒體鋪天蓋地席捲而來，這樣的熱潮不僅在國外盛行，亦吹進了台灣。NFT 奠基在區塊鏈分散式帳本的紀錄方式，以合約與認證的機制使其具有不可替代與不可分割的特性，也因此使 NFT 可代表對特定資產獨有的所有權，促成了新市場的交易。
本研究主要目的為探討國內NFT平台的商業模式以及其差異，並探討NFT這項新科技以激進式創新進入未知需求的市場將如何演進影響平台商業模式發展，以分析相關平台發展的關鍵要素與優先順序。
本研究使用個案研究法，並以多重方法蒐集資料。研究者使用了網路上的文獻、網站、報告等次級資料、半結構式對平台內部經理與合作藝術家的訪談。此外，也透過親自參與平台辦理的對外講座活動，實際體驗 Jcard 行銷以及新市場教育大眾的關鍵活動，期望透過這些資料蒐集方式，分析整理出國內NFT平台之外部分析以及內部商業模式運作，並比較不同平台商業模式有何不同。最後，再以Exploration and Exploitation Frameworks架構理論，提出NFT的應用發展在不同階段下，平台商業模式運作的關鍵要素以及優先順序分別為何，以回應研究目的與問題。
綜合次級資料、半結構式訪談以及參與觀察法分析整理出的商業模式及其比較，研究者得出Jcard在NFT初期發展探索之際，較著重在目標客群與關鍵資源的積蓄，待市場對於NFT應用以及需求愈趨穩定進入Exploitation階段時，Jcard 則有餘裕調整關鍵活動的重心提供更多元又專業的服務，並看好NFT售出後二級市場分潤的潛在無限獲利。最後，本研究亦針對實務上NFT新進平台與現有平台提供建議，包括「新進平台應首要釐清目前的平台種類與市場區隔，並審慎思考自身的競爭優勢」，與「Jcard得以專業顧問服務、IT技術能力以及事業夥伴合作等運用多樣關鍵資源與活動，提高用戶的黏著度」。
Since the end of 2020, the term “Non-Fungible Token” (NFT) has been sweeping across the whole world. NFTs are blockchain-based tokens, which adopt Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to form the mechanism of contract and authentication. NFTs are hence irreplaceable and indivisible cryptographic assets, with unique identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from each other. NFTs also represent the exclusive ownership of a particular asset and facilitate new transactions in markets.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the domestic NFT platform business model, to discuss how NFTs represents a potential radical innovation and facilitate business adaptation to the new blockchain-supported technologies, and to analyze the key factor and priorities of the development of platform business models.
This study incorporated the case study method and a multi-method approach for data collection. This research adopted secondary data from online literature, websites, reports, and semi-structured interviews with internal managers and artists. In addition, this study employed participant observation of external seminars arranged by Jcard for marketing and public education. We aim to perform external and internal analyses of the domestic NFT platform and compare the differences between the business models of existing platforms. Finally, the Exploration and Exploitation Frameworks theory is used to propose the key elements and priorities of the platform business model operation at different stages of NFT development in order to respond to the research objectives.
This study concludes that Jcard focused on the accumulation of key resources and audience target during the initial exploration phase of NFT. Jcard then focuses on the provision of marketing consulting services and may gain further potential unlimited profits from the secondary market share after the sale of NFTs. Finally, this study also provides recommendations for the new entrant platform and Jcard, including “new entrant platform should clarify the market segmentation as well as its own competitive advantage”, and “Jcard could improve user stickiness by professional consulting services, IT technical capabilities, and business partner cooperation.”
參考文獻 英文文獻
Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2003). Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases (Vol. 2): McGraw-Hill New York.
Allen, J. G., Wells, H., & Mauer, M. (2022). Cryptoassets in Private Law: Emerging Trends and Open Questions from the First 10 Years. SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper(06).
Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 493-520.
Bamakan, S. M. H., Nezhadsistani, N., Bodaghi, O., & Qu, Q. (2022). Patents and intellectual property assets as non-fungible tokens; key technologies and challenges. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-13.
Bellman, R., Clark, C. E., Malcolm, D. G., Craft, C. J., & Ricciardi, F. M. (1957). On the construction of a multi-stage, multi-person business game. Operations Research, 5(4), 469-503.
Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. K., & Mead, M. (1987). The case research strategy in studies of information systems. MIS quarterly, 369-386.
Benner, M. J., & Tushman, M. L. (2003). Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. Academy of management review, 28(2), 238-256.
BOLTON, S. J., & CORA, J. R. (2021). Virtual Equivalents of Real Objects (VEROs): A type of non-fungible token (NFT) that can help fund the 3D digitization of natural history collections. Megataxa, 6(2), 93–95-93–95.
Çağlayan Aksoy, P., & Özkan Üner, Z. (2021). NFTs and copyright: challenges and opportunities. Journal Of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, 16(10), 1115-1126.
Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and onto tactics. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 195-215.
Chesbrough, H. (2007). Business model innovation: it`s not just about technology anymore. Strategy & leadership.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation`s technology spin‐off companies. Industrial and corporate change, 11(3), 529-555.
Chirtoaca, D., Ellul, J., & Azzopardi, G. (2020). A framework for creating deployable smart contracts for non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS).
Choi, Y. R., & Shepherd, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities. Journal of management, 30(3), 377-395.
David, L., & Won, L. S. (2022). Nft of nft: Is our imagination the only limitation of the metaverse? The Journal of The British Blockchain Association.
El Ioini, N., & Pahl, C. (2018). A review of distributed ledger technologies. Paper presented at the OTM Confederated International Conferences" On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems".
Fowler, A., & Pirker, J. (2021). Tokenfication-The potential of non-fungible tokens (NFT) for game development. Paper presented at the Extended Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play.
Ghaziani, A., & Ventresca, M. J. (2005). Keywords and cultural change: Frame analysis of business model public talk, 1975–2000. Paper presented at the Sociological forum.
Gupta, A. K., Smith, K. G., & Shalley, C. E. (2006). The interplay between exploration and exploitation. Academy of management journal, 49(4), 693-706.
Holmqvist, M. (2004). Experiential learning processes of exploitation and exploration within and between organizations: An empirical study of product development. Organization science, 15(1), 70-81.
Jones, G. M. (1960). Educators, electrons, and business models: A problem in synthesis. The Accounting Review, 35(4), 619.
Kugler, L. (2021). Non-fungible tokens and the future of art. Communications of the ACM, 64(9), 19-20.
Lamport, L., Shostak, R., & Pease, M. (2019). The Byzantine generals problem. In Concurrency: the works of leslie lamport (pp. 203-226).
Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. (1993). The myopia of learning. Strategic management journal, 14(S2), 95-112.
Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2021). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6), 2689-2727.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science, 2(1), 71-87.
Martin, J., & Kellar, C. H. (2021). A Technical Deep Dive Into and Implementation of Non-Fungible Tokens in a Practical Setting.
Massa, L., Tucci, C. L., & Afuah, A. (2017). A critical assessment of business model research. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 73-104.
Mazur, M. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). The Analysis of Risk and Return. Available at SSRN 3953535.
McClintock, C. (1985). Process sampling: A method for case study research on administrative behavior. Educational Administration Quarterly, 21(3), 205-222.
Moro Visconti, R., Trevisi, C., & Cesaretti, A. (2022). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT): business models, legal aspects, and market valuation. MEDIA LAWS(1), 1-26.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726-735.
Muthe, K. B., Sharma, K., & Sri, K. E. N. (2020). A blockchain based decentralized computing and NFT infrastructure for game networks. Paper presented at the 2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA).
Nadini, M., Alessandretti, L., Di Giacinto, F., Martino, M., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2021). Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks, and visual features. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-11.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
Nenonen, S., & Storbacka, K. (2010). Business model design: conceptualizing networked value co‐creation. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences.
Osiyevskyy, O., Shirokova, G., & Ritala, P. (2020). Exploration and exploitation in crisis environment: Implications for level and variability of firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 114, 227-239.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1): John Wiley & Sons.
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the association for Information Systems, 16(1), 1.
Park, A., Kietzmann, J., Pitt, L., & Dabirian, A. (2022). The evolution of nonfungible tokens: Complexity and novelty of NFT use-cases. IT Professional, 24(1), 9-14.
Pease, M., Shostak, R., & Lamport, L. (1980). Reaching agreement in the presence of faults. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 27(2), 228-234.
Piekkari, R., & Welch, C. (2018). The case study in management research: Beyond the positivist legacy of Eisenhardt and Yin. The SAGE handbook of qualitative business and management research methods, 345-358.
Regner, F., Urbach, N., & Schweizer, A. (2019). NFTs in practice–non-fungible tokens as core component of a blockchain-based event ticketing application.
Rehman, W., e Zainab, H., Imran, J., & Bawany, N. Z. (2021). Nfts: Applications and challenges. Paper presented at the 2021 22nd International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT).
Stewart, D. W., & Zhao, Q. (2000). Internet marketing, business models, and public policy. Journal of public policy & marketing, 19(2), 287-296.
Storbacka, K., & Nenonen, S. (2009). Customer relationships and the heterogeneity of firm performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
Szabo, N. (1994a). Smart contracts. In.
Szabo, N. (1994b). Smart contracts. 1994. Virtual School.
Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First monday.
Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 172-194.
Timmer, C. P. (1988). The agricultural transformation. Handbook of development economics, 1, 275-331.
Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electronic markets, 8(2), 3-8.
Valeonti, F., Bikakis, A., Terras, M., Speed, C., Hudson-Smith, A., & Chalkias, K. (2021). Crypto collectibles, museum funding and OpenGLAM: challenges, opportunities and the potential of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Applied Sciences, 11(21), 9931.
van Haaften-Schick, L., & Whitaker, A. (2022). From the artist’s contract to the blockchain ledger: New forms of artists’ funding using equity and resale royalties. Journal of Cultural Economics, 1-29.
Victor, F., & Lüders, B. K. (2019). Measuring ethereum-based erc20 token networks. Paper presented at the International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.
Wang, Q., Li, R., Wang, Q., & Chen, S. (2021). Non-fungible token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07447.
Wilson, K. B., Karg, A., & Ghaderi, H. (2022). Prospecting non-fungible tokens in the digital economy: Stakeholders and ecosystem, risk and opportunity. Business Horizons, 65(5), 657-670.
Winter, S. G., & Szulanski, G. (2001). Replication as strategy. Organization science, 12(6), 730-743.
Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., & Göttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives. Long range planning, 49(1), 36-54.
Wood, G. (2014). Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper, 151(2014), 1-32.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290.
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE international congress on big data (BigData congress).
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services, 14(4), 352-375.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), 1-26.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

英文網路文獻
1. Bauer, M. (2017). FCA Publishes Feedback Statement on Distributed Ledger Technology. Retrieved from https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-publishes-feedback-statement-distributed-ledger-technology
2. Trevisi, C., Visconti, R. M., & Cesaretti, A. (2022). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT):
Business Models, Legal Aspects, and Market Valuation. Retrieved October 2022,
from https://www.medialaws.eu/rivista/non-fungible-tokens-nft-business-models-legal-aspects-and-market-valuation/
3. Berthiaume, D. (2021) DKNY Debuts New Brand Logo – as an NFT. Retrieved
October 2022, from https://chainstoreage.com/dkny-debuts-new-brand-logo-nft

中文文獻
1. 江明晏、吳家豪（2022/09/09）。NFT 去中心化精神無價？政府納管與否考驗智慧。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2022/09/09/nft-government/。檢索日期：2022/12/09
2. 林妍溱（2023/07/14）。Google允許區塊鏈及遊戲類Android App整合NFT。iThome。https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/157775。檢索日期：2023/07/31
3. 周世惠（2021/3/12）。 Beeple 苦畫 14 年爆紅，作品拍賣 19 億元引加密收藏熱。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2021/03/12/beeple-everydays-the-first-5000-days-69-million-usd-auction/。檢索日期：2022/04/20
4. 高敬原（2022/04/06）。交易所出問題有法可管嗎？從幣託經營權風波，看幣圈投資人自保的3原則。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/ article/68421/cryptocurrency -taiwan。檢索日期：2022/08/10
5. 陳冠榮（2022/10/04）。華碩進軍元宇宙特別組新公司，首發NFT平台進攻Web3。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2022/10/04/asus-metaverse-inc/。檢索日期：2022/10/10
6. 陳依旻、吳佳穎（2022/03/15）。買NFT被割韭菜「只能認了」 金管會：太早監理可能扼制發展。ETtoday財經雲。http://finance.ettoday.net/news/2208812#ixzz7UdRP3fsr。檢索日期：2022/04/20
7. 陳婉玉（2022）。從NFT內涵、應用談相關法律爭議，智慧財產權月刊，286，40-70．
8. 陳鈞煥（2022/03/31）。NFT 如何衝擊藝術拍賣市場？解析史上最高價 NFT 拍賣事件之一：佳士得與 Beeple《Everydays: The First 5000 Days》。1% Style。https://onepercent.storm.mg/article/4263663。檢索日期：2022/04/20
9. 傅珮晴、侯品如（2021/12/01）師園鹽酥雞成「全球第一家NFT炸雞店」！上架大漲134倍、每次交易可到店換雞吃。數位時代。https://www.bnext. com.tw/article/66495/nft-fried-chicken-shih-yuan。檢索日期：2022/10/10
10. 傅珮晴、錢玉紘（2022/02/23）。外匯貨幣 NFT 平台 | 9大 NFT 平台整理！國內外NFT 平台比較！。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/67816/nft-tw-highest-pw。檢索日期：2022/04/20
11. 黃敬翔（2020）。激情以後, 藏器待時 -台灣區塊鏈投資變化。臺灣經濟研究月刊，43(11)，32-39。
12. 黃齡玉（2021）。NFT 之著作權相關問題初探（上）。司法周刊，2079，2-3。
13. 劉常勇（2004）。為新事業設計商業模式。財金資訊。
14. 錢玉紘（2021/12/01）。師園鹽酥雞成「全球第一家NFT炸雞店」！上架大漲134倍、每次交易可到店換雞吃。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/66495/nft-fried-chicken-shih-yuan檢索日期：2022/04/01
15. 魏喬怡（2021/11/18）。NFT淘金熱爆夯應納管？金管會緊盯兩點。工商時報。https://ctee.com.tw/news/finance/550731.html。檢索日期：2022/04/20
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
109364102
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109364102
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 柯玉佳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 汪佳蓉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) WANG CHIA JUNGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 汪佳蓉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) JUNG, WANG CHIAen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 14:49:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 14:49:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 14:49:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109364102en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146870-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109364102zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自2020年底起，「非同質化代幣」(Non-Fungible Token, NFT)一詞開始在各大媒體鋪天蓋地席捲而來，這樣的熱潮不僅在國外盛行，亦吹進了台灣。NFT 奠基在區塊鏈分散式帳本的紀錄方式，以合約與認證的機制使其具有不可替代與不可分割的特性，也因此使 NFT 可代表對特定資產獨有的所有權，促成了新市場的交易。
本研究主要目的為探討國內NFT平台的商業模式以及其差異，並探討NFT這項新科技以激進式創新進入未知需求的市場將如何演進影響平台商業模式發展，以分析相關平台發展的關鍵要素與優先順序。
本研究使用個案研究法，並以多重方法蒐集資料。研究者使用了網路上的文獻、網站、報告等次級資料、半結構式對平台內部經理與合作藝術家的訪談。此外，也透過親自參與平台辦理的對外講座活動，實際體驗 Jcard 行銷以及新市場教育大眾的關鍵活動，期望透過這些資料蒐集方式，分析整理出國內NFT平台之外部分析以及內部商業模式運作，並比較不同平台商業模式有何不同。最後，再以Exploration and Exploitation Frameworks架構理論，提出NFT的應用發展在不同階段下，平台商業模式運作的關鍵要素以及優先順序分別為何，以回應研究目的與問題。
綜合次級資料、半結構式訪談以及參與觀察法分析整理出的商業模式及其比較，研究者得出Jcard在NFT初期發展探索之際，較著重在目標客群與關鍵資源的積蓄，待市場對於NFT應用以及需求愈趨穩定進入Exploitation階段時，Jcard 則有餘裕調整關鍵活動的重心提供更多元又專業的服務，並看好NFT售出後二級市場分潤的潛在無限獲利。最後，本研究亦針對實務上NFT新進平台與現有平台提供建議，包括「新進平台應首要釐清目前的平台種類與市場區隔，並審慎思考自身的競爭優勢」，與「Jcard得以專業顧問服務、IT技術能力以及事業夥伴合作等運用多樣關鍵資源與活動，提高用戶的黏著度」。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the end of 2020, the term “Non-Fungible Token” (NFT) has been sweeping across the whole world. NFTs are blockchain-based tokens, which adopt Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to form the mechanism of contract and authentication. NFTs are hence irreplaceable and indivisible cryptographic assets, with unique identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from each other. NFTs also represent the exclusive ownership of a particular asset and facilitate new transactions in markets.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the domestic NFT platform business model, to discuss how NFTs represents a potential radical innovation and facilitate business adaptation to the new blockchain-supported technologies, and to analyze the key factor and priorities of the development of platform business models.
This study incorporated the case study method and a multi-method approach for data collection. This research adopted secondary data from online literature, websites, reports, and semi-structured interviews with internal managers and artists. In addition, this study employed participant observation of external seminars arranged by Jcard for marketing and public education. We aim to perform external and internal analyses of the domestic NFT platform and compare the differences between the business models of existing platforms. Finally, the Exploration and Exploitation Frameworks theory is used to propose the key elements and priorities of the platform business model operation at different stages of NFT development in order to respond to the research objectives.
This study concludes that Jcard focused on the accumulation of key resources and audience target during the initial exploration phase of NFT. Jcard then focuses on the provision of marketing consulting services and may gain further potential unlimited profits from the secondary market share after the sale of NFTs. Finally, this study also provides recommendations for the new entrant platform and Jcard, including “new entrant platform should clarify the market segmentation as well as its own competitive advantage”, and “Jcard could improve user stickiness by professional consulting services, IT technical capabilities, and business partner cooperation.”		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
第一節 NFT 非同質化代幣 5
第二節 商業模式 13
第三節 探索與利用 27
第三章 研究方法 30
第一節 研究方法 30
第二節 資料搜集方法 33
第四章 個案研究與分析 40
第一節 台灣NFT 發展概況 40
第二節 個案公司介紹：JCARD 這咖 45
第三節 外部分析 50
第五章 研究發現 62
第一節 JCARD 與其他平台商業模式比較 62
第二節 JCARD 在 NFT 不同演進階段商業模式的轉變 66
第六章 研究討論與建議 78
第一節 研究結論 78
第二節 研究意涵 81
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 84
參考文獻 86		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 7881020 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109364102en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非同質化代幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商業模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NFTen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Non-Fungible Tokenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Business modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchainen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討非同質化代幣（NFT）平台之商業模式發展 – 以台灣Jcard平台為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Exploring the Business Model Development of Non-Fungible Token Platform: A Case Study of Jcard Platform in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻
Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2003). Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases (Vol. 2): McGraw-Hill New York.
Allen, J. G., Wells, H., & Mauer, M. (2022). Cryptoassets in Private Law: Emerging Trends and Open Questions from the First 10 Years. SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper(06).
Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 493-520.
Bamakan, S. M. H., Nezhadsistani, N., Bodaghi, O., & Qu, Q. (2022). Patents and intellectual property assets as non-fungible tokens; key technologies and challenges. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-13.
Bellman, R., Clark, C. E., Malcolm, D. G., Craft, C. J., & Ricciardi, F. M. (1957). On the construction of a multi-stage, multi-person business game. Operations Research, 5(4), 469-503.
Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. K., & Mead, M. (1987). The case research strategy in studies of information systems. MIS quarterly, 369-386.
Benner, M. J., & Tushman, M. L. (2003). Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. Academy of management review, 28(2), 238-256.
BOLTON, S. J., & CORA, J. R. (2021). Virtual Equivalents of Real Objects (VEROs): A type of non-fungible token (NFT) that can help fund the 3D digitization of natural history collections. Megataxa, 6(2), 93–95-93–95.
Çağlayan Aksoy, P., & Özkan Üner, Z. (2021). NFTs and copyright: challenges and opportunities. Journal Of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, 16(10), 1115-1126.
Casadesus-Masanell, R., & Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and onto tactics. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 195-215.
Chesbrough, H. (2007). Business model innovation: it`s not just about technology anymore. Strategy & leadership.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation`s technology spin‐off companies. Industrial and corporate change, 11(3), 529-555.
Chirtoaca, D., Ellul, J., & Azzopardi, G. (2020). A framework for creating deployable smart contracts for non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. Paper presented at the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS).
Choi, Y. R., & Shepherd, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities. Journal of management, 30(3), 377-395.
David, L., & Won, L. S. (2022). Nft of nft: Is our imagination the only limitation of the metaverse? The Journal of The British Blockchain Association.
El Ioini, N., & Pahl, C. (2018). A review of distributed ledger technologies. Paper presented at the OTM Confederated International Conferences" On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems".
Fowler, A., & Pirker, J. (2021). Tokenfication-The potential of non-fungible tokens (NFT) for game development. Paper presented at the Extended Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play.
Ghaziani, A., & Ventresca, M. J. (2005). Keywords and cultural change: Frame analysis of business model public talk, 1975–2000. Paper presented at the Sociological forum.
Gupta, A. K., Smith, K. G., & Shalley, C. E. (2006). The interplay between exploration and exploitation. Academy of management journal, 49(4), 693-706.
Holmqvist, M. (2004). Experiential learning processes of exploitation and exploration within and between organizations: An empirical study of product development. Organization science, 15(1), 70-81.
Jones, G. M. (1960). Educators, electrons, and business models: A problem in synthesis. The Accounting Review, 35(4), 619.
Kugler, L. (2021). Non-fungible tokens and the future of art. Communications of the ACM, 64(9), 19-20.
Lamport, L., Shostak, R., & Pease, M. (2019). The Byzantine generals problem. In Concurrency: the works of leslie lamport (pp. 203-226).
Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. (1993). The myopia of learning. Strategic management journal, 14(S2), 95-112.
Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2021). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6), 2689-2727.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization science, 2(1), 71-87.
Martin, J., & Kellar, C. H. (2021). A Technical Deep Dive Into and Implementation of Non-Fungible Tokens in a Practical Setting.
Massa, L., Tucci, C. L., & Afuah, A. (2017). A critical assessment of business model research. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 73-104.
Mazur, M. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). The Analysis of Risk and Return. Available at SSRN 3953535.
McClintock, C. (1985). Process sampling: A method for case study research on administrative behavior. Educational Administration Quarterly, 21(3), 205-222.
Moro Visconti, R., Trevisi, C., & Cesaretti, A. (2022). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT): business models, legal aspects, and market valuation. MEDIA LAWS(1), 1-26.
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur`s business model: toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726-735.
Muthe, K. B., Sharma, K., & Sri, K. E. N. (2020). A blockchain based decentralized computing and NFT infrastructure for game networks. Paper presented at the 2020 Second International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA).
Nadini, M., Alessandretti, L., Di Giacinto, F., Martino, M., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2021). Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks, and visual features. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-11.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
Nenonen, S., & Storbacka, K. (2010). Business model design: conceptualizing networked value co‐creation. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences.
Osiyevskyy, O., Shirokova, G., & Ritala, P. (2020). Exploration and exploitation in crisis environment: Implications for level and variability of firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 114, 227-239.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1): John Wiley & Sons.
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. L. (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the association for Information Systems, 16(1), 1.
Park, A., Kietzmann, J., Pitt, L., & Dabirian, A. (2022). The evolution of nonfungible tokens: Complexity and novelty of NFT use-cases. IT Professional, 24(1), 9-14.
Pease, M., Shostak, R., & Lamport, L. (1980). Reaching agreement in the presence of faults. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 27(2), 228-234.
Piekkari, R., & Welch, C. (2018). The case study in management research: Beyond the positivist legacy of Eisenhardt and Yin. The SAGE handbook of qualitative business and management research methods, 345-358.
Regner, F., Urbach, N., & Schweizer, A. (2019). NFTs in practice–non-fungible tokens as core component of a blockchain-based event ticketing application.
Rehman, W., e Zainab, H., Imran, J., & Bawany, N. Z. (2021). Nfts: Applications and challenges. Paper presented at the 2021 22nd International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT).
Stewart, D. W., & Zhao, Q. (2000). Internet marketing, business models, and public policy. Journal of public policy & marketing, 19(2), 287-296.
Storbacka, K., & Nenonen, S. (2009). Customer relationships and the heterogeneity of firm performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
Szabo, N. (1994a). Smart contracts. In.
Szabo, N. (1994b). Smart contracts. 1994. Virtual School.
Szabo, N. (1997). Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First monday.
Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 172-194.
Timmer, C. P. (1988). The agricultural transformation. Handbook of development economics, 1, 275-331.
Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electronic markets, 8(2), 3-8.
Valeonti, F., Bikakis, A., Terras, M., Speed, C., Hudson-Smith, A., & Chalkias, K. (2021). Crypto collectibles, museum funding and OpenGLAM: challenges, opportunities and the potential of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Applied Sciences, 11(21), 9931.
van Haaften-Schick, L., & Whitaker, A. (2022). From the artist’s contract to the blockchain ledger: New forms of artists’ funding using equity and resale royalties. Journal of Cultural Economics, 1-29.
Victor, F., & Lüders, B. K. (2019). Measuring ethereum-based erc20 token networks. Paper presented at the International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.
Wang, Q., Li, R., Wang, Q., & Chen, S. (2021). Non-fungible token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.07447.
Wilson, K. B., Karg, A., & Ghaderi, H. (2022). Prospecting non-fungible tokens in the digital economy: Stakeholders and ecosystem, risk and opportunity. Business Horizons, 65(5), 657-670.
Winter, S. G., & Szulanski, G. (2001). Replication as strategy. Organization science, 12(6), 730-743.
Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., & Göttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives. Long range planning, 49(1), 36-54.
Wood, G. (2014). Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper, 151(2014), 1-32.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation practice, 15(3), 283-290.
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE international congress on big data (BigData congress).
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.-N., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International journal of web and grid services, 14(4), 352-375.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), 1-26.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

英文網路文獻
1. Bauer, M. (2017). FCA Publishes Feedback Statement on Distributed Ledger Technology. Retrieved from https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-publishes-feedback-statement-distributed-ledger-technology
2. Trevisi, C., Visconti, R. M., & Cesaretti, A. (2022). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT):
Business Models, Legal Aspects, and Market Valuation. Retrieved October 2022,
from https://www.medialaws.eu/rivista/non-fungible-tokens-nft-business-models-legal-aspects-and-market-valuation/
3. Berthiaume, D. (2021) DKNY Debuts New Brand Logo – as an NFT. Retrieved
October 2022, from https://chainstoreage.com/dkny-debuts-new-brand-logo-nft

中文文獻
1. 江明晏、吳家豪（2022/09/09）。NFT 去中心化精神無價？政府納管與否考驗智慧。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2022/09/09/nft-government/。檢索日期：2022/12/09
2. 林妍溱（2023/07/14）。Google允許區塊鏈及遊戲類Android App整合NFT。iThome。https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/157775。檢索日期：2023/07/31
3. 周世惠（2021/3/12）。 Beeple 苦畫 14 年爆紅，作品拍賣 19 億元引加密收藏熱。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2021/03/12/beeple-everydays-the-first-5000-days-69-million-usd-auction/。檢索日期：2022/04/20
4. 高敬原（2022/04/06）。交易所出問題有法可管嗎？從幣託經營權風波，看幣圈投資人自保的3原則。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/ article/68421/cryptocurrency -taiwan。檢索日期：2022/08/10
5. 陳冠榮（2022/10/04）。華碩進軍元宇宙特別組新公司，首發NFT平台進攻Web3。科技新報。https://technews.tw/2022/10/04/asus-metaverse-inc/。檢索日期：2022/10/10
6. 陳依旻、吳佳穎（2022/03/15）。買NFT被割韭菜「只能認了」 金管會：太早監理可能扼制發展。ETtoday財經雲。http://finance.ettoday.net/news/2208812#ixzz7UdRP3fsr。檢索日期：2022/04/20
7. 陳婉玉（2022）。從NFT內涵、應用談相關法律爭議，智慧財產權月刊，286，40-70．
8. 陳鈞煥（2022/03/31）。NFT 如何衝擊藝術拍賣市場？解析史上最高價 NFT 拍賣事件之一：佳士得與 Beeple《Everydays: The First 5000 Days》。1% Style。https://onepercent.storm.mg/article/4263663。檢索日期：2022/04/20
9. 傅珮晴、侯品如（2021/12/01）師園鹽酥雞成「全球第一家NFT炸雞店」！上架大漲134倍、每次交易可到店換雞吃。數位時代。https://www.bnext. com.tw/article/66495/nft-fried-chicken-shih-yuan。檢索日期：2022/10/10
10. 傅珮晴、錢玉紘（2022/02/23）。外匯貨幣 NFT 平台 | 9大 NFT 平台整理！國內外NFT 平台比較！。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/67816/nft-tw-highest-pw。檢索日期：2022/04/20
11. 黃敬翔（2020）。激情以後, 藏器待時 -台灣區塊鏈投資變化。臺灣經濟研究月刊，43(11)，32-39。
12. 黃齡玉（2021）。NFT 之著作權相關問題初探（上）。司法周刊，2079，2-3。
13. 劉常勇（2004）。為新事業設計商業模式。財金資訊。
14. 錢玉紘（2021/12/01）。師園鹽酥雞成「全球第一家NFT炸雞店」！上架大漲134倍、每次交易可到店換雞吃。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/66495/nft-fried-chicken-shih-yuan檢索日期：2022/04/01
15. 魏喬怡（2021/11/18）。NFT淘金熱爆夯應納管？金管會緊盯兩點。工商時報。https://ctee.com.tw/news/finance/550731.html。檢索日期：2022/04/20		zh_TW