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題名 物聯網應用倫理之研究
An Investigation of IoT Ethical Concerns
作者 陳品臻
Chen, Pin-Jhen
貢獻者 杜雨儒
Tu, Yu-Ju
陳品臻
Chen, Pin-Jhen
關鍵詞 物聯網
物聯網倫理
道德
PAPA理論
倫理影響評估
Internet of Things
IoT Ethics
Ethics
PAPA
Ethical Impact Assessment
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 14:53:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文旨在了解IoT設備與服務對於社會的倫理影響，以及其所產生的主要倫理問題。由於各國的IoT規範尚未完善，需暫時仰賴IoT倫理以保障使用者，然而，目前仍未有一致性的IoT倫理框架。因此，我們將PAPA理論作為主軸，延伸加入資訊科技倫理影響評估框架的價值觀，建構六大倫理面向：隱私、準確性、所有權、近用性、安全和正義，以更完整的涵蓋IoT倫理。

本研究採用系統性文獻回顧法，檢索六個知名的商業、資訊管理與科技資料庫，篩選後獲得20篇與IoT倫理相關的文獻。我們以六大IoT倫理面向作為分析核心，並發現如今IoT確實在上述面向充滿道德挑戰。隨著IoT的持續發展，道德困境有些已然浮上檯面，然而歧視、數位落差等相關議題，仍然需要更多的關注。
This thesis aims to understand the ethical impact of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and services on society. Until the regulations governing IoT become sufficient, it is necessary to rely on IoT ethics to protect users. However, as a consistent IoT ethical framework is yet to be formulated, we take the PAPA theory as this study’s main axis and use the values of the ethical impact assessment (EIA) to derive six aspects—privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility, safety, and justice—to cover IoT ethics comprehensively.

This study conducted a systematic review of the literature, searched six well-known business, information management, and technology databases, and obtained 20 articles related to IoT ethics after screening. We take the six ethical aspects as the core of the analysis and find that today IoT is indeed full of ethical challenges in the above aspects. With the continuous development of IoT, some of these ethical dilemmas have surfaced. However, related issues such as discrimination and the digital divide still need more attention.
參考文獻 AboBakr, A., & Azer, M. A. (2017). IoT ethics challenges and legal issues. 2017 12th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES).
Allhoff, F., & Henschke, A. (2018). The internet of things: Foundational ethical issues. Internet of Things, 1, 55-66.
Atlam, H. F., & Wills, G. B. (2020). IoT security, privacy, safety and ethics. Digital twin technologies and smart cities, 123-149.
Baldini, G., Botterman, M., Neisse, R., & Tallacchini, M. (2018). Ethical design in the internet of things. Science and engineering ethics, 24, 905-925.
Carpintero Benítez, F. (2020). The Fundamentals of Ethics. Criminal Law and Morality in the Age of Consent: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 171-189.
Chatterjee, S. (2020). The safety of IoT-enabled system in smart cities of India: do ethics matter? International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(4), 601-618.
Chatterjee, S., Kar, A. K., & Mustafa, S. Z. (2021). Securing IoT devices in smart cities of India: from ethical and enterprise information system management perspective. Enterprise Information Systems, 15(4), 585-615.
Chen, S., Xu, H., Liu, D., Hu, B., & Wang, H. (2014). A vision of IoT: Applications, challenges, and opportunities with china perspective. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(4), 349-359.
Cornish, P. (2023, 2023 Jan 11). Ring doorbell users urged to check three key privacy settings in their mobile app. Express (Online). https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/property/1719548/ring-doorbell-privacy-settings-footage-wifi-network
De Cremer, D., Nguyen, B., & Simkin, L. (2017). The integrity challenge of the Internet-of-Things (IoT): on understanding its dark side. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(1-2), 145-158.
Dhirani, L. L., Mukhtiar, N., Chowdhry, B. S., & Newe, T. (2023). Ethical Dilemmas and Privacy Issues in Emerging Technologies: A Review. Sensors, 23(3), 1151.
Dudhe, P., Kadam, N., Hushangabade, R., & Deshmukh, M. (2017). Internet of Things (IOT): An overview and its applications. 2017 International conference on energy, communication, data analytics and soft computing (ICECDS).
El‐Khoury, M., & Arikan, C. L. (2021). From the Internet of things toward the Internet of bodies: ethical and legal considerations. Strategic Change, 30(3), 307-314.
Espinoza, J., & Lee, D. (2023, 2023 Feb 15). EU set to investigate Amazon’s $1.7bn purchase of Roomba-maker. Financial Times(Online). https://www.ft.com/content/b05a1260-ee5a-4ac8-9a34-31cdb8104cf1
Eysenbach, G., & Till, J. E. (2001). Ethical issues in qualitative research on internet communities. Bmj, 323(7321), 1103-1105.
Gaur, M. N., & Gupta, V. (2022). Ethical Framework for Iot in People Analytics: Risks and Opportunities. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 10(1s), 376-387.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
Hill, K., & McCabe, D. (2022). Texas Sues Google for Collecting Biometric Data Without Consent. New York Times (Online). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/20/technology/texas-google-privacy-lawsuit.html
Karale, A. (2021). The challenges of IoT addressing security, ethics, privacy, and laws. Internet of Things, 15, 100420.
Kaupins, G., & Coco, M. (2017). Perceptions of internet-of-things surveillance by human resource managers. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 82(2), 53.
Kirtley, J. E., & Memmel, S. (2018). Too smart for its own good: Addressing the privacy and security challenges of the Internet of Things. Journal of Internet Law, 22(4).
Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. In: UK.
Knopf, J. W. (2006). Doing a literature review. PS: Political Science & Politics, 39(1), 127-132.
Littell, J. H., Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. (2008). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Oxford University Press.
Madakam, S., Lake, V., Lake, V., & Lake, V. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), 164.
Maiese, M. (2020, 2020 Jul). Principles of Justice and Fairness. https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/principles_of_justice/
Maple, C. (2017). Security and privacy in the internet of things. Journal of cyber policy, 2(2), 155-184.
Mason, R. O. (1986). Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.2307/248873
McKinsey. (2015). The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value Beyond the Hype. McKinsey & Company, New York, NY, USA. In.
Mikton, J. (2015). The Internet of Things: ethics of our connectivity. The International Schools Journal, 35(1), 56.
Mittelstadt, B. (2017a). Designing the health-related internet of things: ethical principles and guidelines. Information, 8(3), 77.
Mittelstadt, B. (2017b). Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review. Ethics and information technology, 19(3), 157-175.
Ndiaye, M., Oyewobi, S. S., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., Hancke, G. P., Kurien, A. M., & Djouani, K. (2020). IoT in the wake of COVID-19: A survey on contributions, challenges and evolution. Ieee Access, 8, 186821-186839.
Oosman, B. S., & Dudhe, R. (2021). Review on the ethical and legal challenges with IoT. 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE).
Patel, K. K., Patel, S. M., & Scholar, P. (2016). Internet of things-IOT: definition, characteristics, architecture, enabling technologies, application & future challenges. International journal of engineering science and computing, 6(5).
Peslak, A. R. (2006). PAPA revisited: A current empirical study of the Mason framework. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 46(3), 117-123.
Popescul, D., & Georgescu, M. (2014). Internet of Things–some ethical issues. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 13(2 (18)), 208-214.
Rao, K. S. (2008). Informed consent: an ethical obligation or legal compulsion? Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery, 1(1), 33.
Rowe, F. (2014). What literature review is not: diversity, boundaries and recommendations. European journal of information systems, 23(3), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2014.7
Saritha, S., & Sarasvathi, V. (2017). A study on application layer protocols used in IoT. 2017 International Conference on Circuits, Controls, and Communications (CCUBE).
Segkouli, S., Fico, G., Vera-Muñoz, C., Lecumberri, M., Voulgaridis, A., Triantafyllidis, A., Sala, P., Nunziata, S., Campanini, N., & Montanari, E. (2022). Ethical Decision Making in Iot Data Driven Research: A Case Study of a Large-Scale Pilot. Healthcare.
Sethi, P., & Sarangi, S. R. (2017). Internet of things: architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2017.
Shahraki, A., & Haugen, Ø. (2018). Social ethics in Internet of Things: An outline and review. 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), 509-516.
Silva, R., & Iqbal, R. (2018). Ethical implications of social internet of vehicles systems. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 6(1), 517-531.
Singh, M. P., & Murukannaiah, P. K. (2023). Toward an Ethical Framework for Smart Cities and the Internet of Things. IEEE Internet Computing, 27(2), 51-56.
Tanzi, T. J., Sebastien, O., & Rizza, C. (2015). Designing autonomous crawling equipment to detect personal connected devices and support rescue operations: Technical and societal concerns. URSI Radio Science Bulletin, 2015(355), 35-44.
Tzafestas, S. G. (2018). Ethics and law in the internet of things world. Smart cities, 1(1), 98-120.
Ustek Spilda, F., Powell, A., & Nemorin, S. (2019). Engaging with ethics in Internet of things: imaginaries in the social milieu of technology developers. Big Data and Society, 6(2).
Vermanen, M., Rantanen, M. M., & Harkke, V. (2022). Ethical framework for IoT deployment in SMEs: individual perspective. Internet Research, 32(7), 185-201.
Wachter, S. (2018). Normative challenges of identification in the Internet of Things: Privacy, profiling, discrimination, and the GDPR. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(3), 436-449.
Wright, D. (2011). A framework for the ethical impact assessment of information technology. Ethics and information technology, 13, 199-226.
Wu, M., Lu, T.-J., Ling, F.-Y., Sun, J., & Du, H.-Y. (2010). Research on the architecture of Internet of Things. 2010 3rd international conference on advanced computer theory and engineering (ICACTE).
Zakerabasali, S., & Ayyoubzadeh, S. M. (2022). Internet of Things and healthcare system: A systematic review of ethical issues. Health Science Reports, 5(6), e863.
Zuiderwijk, A., Chen, Y.-C., & Salem, F. (2021). Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: A systematic literature review and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 38(3), 101577.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
110356032
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110356032
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 杜雨儒zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tu, Yu-Juen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳品臻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Pin-Jhenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳品臻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Pin-Jhenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 14:53:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 14:53:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 14:53:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110356032en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146890-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110356032zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文旨在了解IoT設備與服務對於社會的倫理影響，以及其所產生的主要倫理問題。由於各國的IoT規範尚未完善，需暫時仰賴IoT倫理以保障使用者，然而，目前仍未有一致性的IoT倫理框架。因此，我們將PAPA理論作為主軸，延伸加入資訊科技倫理影響評估框架的價值觀，建構六大倫理面向：隱私、準確性、所有權、近用性、安全和正義，以更完整的涵蓋IoT倫理。

本研究採用系統性文獻回顧法，檢索六個知名的商業、資訊管理與科技資料庫，篩選後獲得20篇與IoT倫理相關的文獻。我們以六大IoT倫理面向作為分析核心，並發現如今IoT確實在上述面向充滿道德挑戰。隨著IoT的持續發展，道德困境有些已然浮上檯面，然而歧視、數位落差等相關議題，仍然需要更多的關注。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis aims to understand the ethical impact of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and services on society. Until the regulations governing IoT become sufficient, it is necessary to rely on IoT ethics to protect users. However, as a consistent IoT ethical framework is yet to be formulated, we take the PAPA theory as this study’s main axis and use the values of the ethical impact assessment (EIA) to derive six aspects—privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility, safety, and justice—to cover IoT ethics comprehensively.

This study conducted a systematic review of the literature, searched six well-known business, information management, and technology databases, and obtained 20 articles related to IoT ethics after screening. We take the six ethical aspects as the core of the analysis and find that today IoT is indeed full of ethical challenges in the above aspects. With the continuous development of IoT, some of these ethical dilemmas have surfaced. However, related issues such as discrimination and the digital divide still need more attention.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Question 2
CHAPTER 2. Literature Review 3
2.1 What is IoT? 3
2.2 IoT Applications 4
2.3 IoT and Social Issues 5
2.4 IoT Ethics 7
2.5 Information Ethics-PAPA Theory 9
2.5.1 Privacy 9
2.5.2 Accuracy 10
2.5.3 Property 10
2.5.4 Accessibility 11
2.6 Ethics in Nowadays Technology Society 12
2.6.1 Autonomy 13
2.6.2 Nonmaleficence 14
2.6.3 Beneficence 16
2.6.4 Justice 17
2.6.5 Data Privacy and Protection 18
2.7 New IoT Ethical Aspects 21
2.7.1 Discussion of Frameworks 21
2.7.2 Six Aspects of IoT Ethics 23
2.8 Summary 25
CHAPTER 3. Research Methodology 27
3.1 Literature Search Method 27
3.2 Systematic Literature Review 27
3.2.1 Identification of Studies 28
3.2.2 Selection of Studies 29
3.2.3 Study Quality Assessment 30
3.2.4 Data Extraction and Monitoring Progress 31
3.2.5 Data Synthesis 31
CHAPTER 4. Research Findings 32
4.1 Descriptive Analysis 32
4.1.1 Topic of Articles 32
4.1.2 Published Year of Articles 33
4.1.3 Databases of Articles 33
4.1.4 Main findings of Articles 33
4.2 Content Analysis 37
4.2.1 Privacy Concerns about IoT 37
4.2.2 Accuracy Concerns about IoT 39
4.2.3 Property Concerns about IoT 39
4.2.4 Accessibility Concerns about IoT 40
4.2.5 Safety Concerns about IoT 41
4.2.6 Justice Concerns about IoT 43
CHAPTER 5. Discussions and Conclusions 44
5.1 Summary 44
5.2 Suggestions 47
5.2.1 The Importance of an IoT Ethical Framework 47
5.2.2 IoT Ethics at the Individual Level 47
5.2.3 IoT Ethics at the Organizational Level 47
5.2.4 IoT Ethics at the Social Level 48
5.3 Limitations and Future Research Suggestion 48
5.4 Conclusion 49
References 51		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 938196 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110356032en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物聯網zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物聯網倫理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 道德zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) PAPA理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 倫理影響評估zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internet of Thingsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) IoT Ethicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) PAPAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethical Impact Assessmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 物聯網應用倫理之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) An Investigation of IoT Ethical Concernsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) AboBakr, A., & Azer, M. A. (2017). IoT ethics challenges and legal issues. 2017 12th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES).
Allhoff, F., & Henschke, A. (2018). The internet of things: Foundational ethical issues. Internet of Things, 1, 55-66.
Atlam, H. F., & Wills, G. B. (2020). IoT security, privacy, safety and ethics. Digital twin technologies and smart cities, 123-149.
Baldini, G., Botterman, M., Neisse, R., & Tallacchini, M. (2018). Ethical design in the internet of things. Science and engineering ethics, 24, 905-925.
Carpintero Benítez, F. (2020). The Fundamentals of Ethics. Criminal Law and Morality in the Age of Consent: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 171-189.
Chatterjee, S. (2020). The safety of IoT-enabled system in smart cities of India: do ethics matter? International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(4), 601-618.
Chatterjee, S., Kar, A. K., & Mustafa, S. Z. (2021). Securing IoT devices in smart cities of India: from ethical and enterprise information system management perspective. Enterprise Information Systems, 15(4), 585-615.
Chen, S., Xu, H., Liu, D., Hu, B., & Wang, H. (2014). A vision of IoT: Applications, challenges, and opportunities with china perspective. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(4), 349-359.
Cornish, P. (2023, 2023 Jan 11). Ring doorbell users urged to check three key privacy settings in their mobile app. Express (Online). https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/property/1719548/ring-doorbell-privacy-settings-footage-wifi-network
De Cremer, D., Nguyen, B., & Simkin, L. (2017). The integrity challenge of the Internet-of-Things (IoT): on understanding its dark side. Journal of Marketing Management, 33(1-2), 145-158.
Dhirani, L. L., Mukhtiar, N., Chowdhry, B. S., & Newe, T. (2023). Ethical Dilemmas and Privacy Issues in Emerging Technologies: A Review. Sensors, 23(3), 1151.
Dudhe, P., Kadam, N., Hushangabade, R., & Deshmukh, M. (2017). Internet of Things (IOT): An overview and its applications. 2017 International conference on energy, communication, data analytics and soft computing (ICECDS).
El‐Khoury, M., & Arikan, C. L. (2021). From the Internet of things toward the Internet of bodies: ethical and legal considerations. Strategic Change, 30(3), 307-314.
Espinoza, J., & Lee, D. (2023, 2023 Feb 15). EU set to investigate Amazon’s $1.7bn purchase of Roomba-maker. Financial Times(Online). https://www.ft.com/content/b05a1260-ee5a-4ac8-9a34-31cdb8104cf1
Eysenbach, G., & Till, J. E. (2001). Ethical issues in qualitative research on internet communities. Bmj, 323(7321), 1103-1105.
Gaur, M. N., & Gupta, V. (2022). Ethical Framework for Iot in People Analytics: Risks and Opportunities. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 10(1s), 376-387.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
Hill, K., & McCabe, D. (2022). Texas Sues Google for Collecting Biometric Data Without Consent. New York Times (Online). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/20/technology/texas-google-privacy-lawsuit.html
Karale, A. (2021). The challenges of IoT addressing security, ethics, privacy, and laws. Internet of Things, 15, 100420.
Kaupins, G., & Coco, M. (2017). Perceptions of internet-of-things surveillance by human resource managers. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 82(2), 53.
Kirtley, J. E., & Memmel, S. (2018). Too smart for its own good: Addressing the privacy and security challenges of the Internet of Things. Journal of Internet Law, 22(4).
Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. In: UK.
Knopf, J. W. (2006). Doing a literature review. PS: Political Science & Politics, 39(1), 127-132.
Littell, J. H., Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. (2008). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Oxford University Press.
Madakam, S., Lake, V., Lake, V., & Lake, V. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of Computer and Communications, 3(05), 164.
Maiese, M. (2020, 2020 Jul). Principles of Justice and Fairness. https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/principles_of_justice/
Maple, C. (2017). Security and privacy in the internet of things. Journal of cyber policy, 2(2), 155-184.
Mason, R. O. (1986). Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.2307/248873
McKinsey. (2015). The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value Beyond the Hype. McKinsey & Company, New York, NY, USA. In.
Mikton, J. (2015). The Internet of Things: ethics of our connectivity. The International Schools Journal, 35(1), 56.
Mittelstadt, B. (2017a). Designing the health-related internet of things: ethical principles and guidelines. Information, 8(3), 77.
Mittelstadt, B. (2017b). Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review. Ethics and information technology, 19(3), 157-175.
Ndiaye, M., Oyewobi, S. S., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., Hancke, G. P., Kurien, A. M., & Djouani, K. (2020). IoT in the wake of COVID-19: A survey on contributions, challenges and evolution. Ieee Access, 8, 186821-186839.
Oosman, B. S., & Dudhe, R. (2021). Review on the ethical and legal challenges with IoT. 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE).
Patel, K. K., Patel, S. M., & Scholar, P. (2016). Internet of things-IOT: definition, characteristics, architecture, enabling technologies, application & future challenges. International journal of engineering science and computing, 6(5).
Peslak, A. R. (2006). PAPA revisited: A current empirical study of the Mason framework. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 46(3), 117-123.
Popescul, D., & Georgescu, M. (2014). Internet of Things–some ethical issues. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 13(2 (18)), 208-214.
Rao, K. S. (2008). Informed consent: an ethical obligation or legal compulsion? Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery, 1(1), 33.
Rowe, F. (2014). What literature review is not: diversity, boundaries and recommendations. European journal of information systems, 23(3), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2014.7
Saritha, S., & Sarasvathi, V. (2017). A study on application layer protocols used in IoT. 2017 International Conference on Circuits, Controls, and Communications (CCUBE).
Segkouli, S., Fico, G., Vera-Muñoz, C., Lecumberri, M., Voulgaridis, A., Triantafyllidis, A., Sala, P., Nunziata, S., Campanini, N., & Montanari, E. (2022). Ethical Decision Making in Iot Data Driven Research: A Case Study of a Large-Scale Pilot. Healthcare.
Sethi, P., & Sarangi, S. R. (2017). Internet of things: architectures, protocols, and applications. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2017.
Shahraki, A., & Haugen, Ø. (2018). Social ethics in Internet of Things: An outline and review. 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), 509-516.
Silva, R., & Iqbal, R. (2018). Ethical implications of social internet of vehicles systems. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 6(1), 517-531.
Singh, M. P., & Murukannaiah, P. K. (2023). Toward an Ethical Framework for Smart Cities and the Internet of Things. IEEE Internet Computing, 27(2), 51-56.
Tanzi, T. J., Sebastien, O., & Rizza, C. (2015). Designing autonomous crawling equipment to detect personal connected devices and support rescue operations: Technical and societal concerns. URSI Radio Science Bulletin, 2015(355), 35-44.
Tzafestas, S. G. (2018). Ethics and law in the internet of things world. Smart cities, 1(1), 98-120.
Ustek Spilda, F., Powell, A., & Nemorin, S. (2019). Engaging with ethics in Internet of things: imaginaries in the social milieu of technology developers. Big Data and Society, 6(2).
Vermanen, M., Rantanen, M. M., & Harkke, V. (2022). Ethical framework for IoT deployment in SMEs: individual perspective. Internet Research, 32(7), 185-201.
Wachter, S. (2018). Normative challenges of identification in the Internet of Things: Privacy, profiling, discrimination, and the GDPR. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(3), 436-449.
Wright, D. (2011). A framework for the ethical impact assessment of information technology. Ethics and information technology, 13, 199-226.
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