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題名 採購與供應鏈管理中的公共指標 —現狀評估和潛在改進
Public indices in procurement & supply chain management — status quo assessment and potential improvements作者 徐立昂
Schuette, Leon Joshua貢獻者 吳文傑
Wu, Jack
徐立昂
Leon Joshua Schuette關鍵詞 採購
供應鏈風險管理
採購經理人指數
全球供應鏈壓力指數
物流經理指數
Procurement
Supply chain risk management
Purchasing Manager’s Index
Global Supply Chain Pressure Index
Logistics Manager’s Index日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 15:13:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 無
Due to globally disruptive events in recent years supply chain bottlenecks have gained attention. Supply and production chains are the backbone of the economy. Furthermore, procurement and supply chain management are of increasing importance to businesses. Whilst the Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) has been researched extensively by economists, no source could be found that summarizes the status quo of all publicly accessible indices in this field and/or assesses them. The following research questions are addressed: 1. What does the status quo of public indices in procurement and supply chain management look like? What indices are available and how can they be classified? Are there any initial ideas to cover blatant gaps or to make obvious improvements? 2. How do these indices generally differ from the Purchasing Manager’s Index? 3. What criteria can be used to assess the quality and added value of such indices for practitioners? 4. Considering the current state of research, how do the Purchasing Manager’s Index, Logistics Manager’s Index as well as the Global Supply Chain Pressure Index fair under these criteria? In total 16 indices in Procurement, Logistics & SCM and Supply Chain Risk Management could be identified. As of now, the PMI dominates the field and gives actionable insights for practitioners. The LMI is of interest for logistics specifically. The GSCPI provides a straightforward overview on top of the PMI. Private service providers can use their data to create unique indices. There is a lack of indices depicting sustainability risk development.參考文獻 ReferencesJournals & PapersAhir, H., Bloom, N., & Furceri, D. (2022). The world uncertainty index (No. w29763). National bureau of economic research.Anand, N., & Grover, N. (2015). Measuring retail supply chain performance: Theoretical model using key performance indicators (KPIs). Benchmarking: An international journal.Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The quarterly journal of economics, 131(4), 1593-1636.Benigno, G., Di Giovanni, J., Groen, J. J., & Noble, A. I. (2022). The GSCPI: a new barometer of global supply chain pressures. FRB of New York Staff Report, (1017).Biemer, P. P. (2010). Total survey error: Design, implementation, and evaluation. Public opinion quarterly, 74(5), 817-848.Cho, D. I., & Ogwang, T. (2006). Conceptual perspectives on selecting the principal variables in the purchasing managers` index. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 42(2), 44-52.Dey, A., LaGuardia, P., & Srinivasan, M. (2011). Building sustainability in logistics operations: a research agenda. Management Research Review, 34(11), 1237-1259.Fan, Y., & Stevenson, M. (2018). A review of supply chain risk management: definition, theory, and research agenda. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management.Gurtu, A., & Johny, J. (2021). Supply chain risk management: Literature review. Risks, 9(1), 16.Harris, E. S. (1991). Tracking the economy with the purchasing managers index. Federal Reserve Bank.Ho, W., Zheng, T., Yildiz, H., & Talluri, S. (2015). Supply chain risk management: a literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 53(16), 5031-5069.Laliberté, L., Grünewald, W., Probst, L. (2004). Data Quality: A comparison Of IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) And Eurostat’s Quality Definition.Joseph, A., Larrain, M., & Turnerc, C. (2011). Forecasting purchasing managers’ index with compressed interest rates and past values. Procedia Computer Science, 6, 213-218.Koenig, E. F. (2002). Using the purchasing managers’ index to assess the economy’s strength and the likely direction of monetary policy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic and Financial Policy Review, 1(6), 1-14.LaBelle, J., & Santacreu, A. M. (2022). Global supply chain disruptions and inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.Larrain, M. (2007). The PMI, the T‐Bill and Inventories: A Comparative Analysis of Neural Network and Regression Forecasts. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 43(2), 39-51.Lindsey, M. D., & Pavur, R. J. (2005). As the PMI turns: A tool for supply chain managers. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 41(1), 30-39.Liu, W. (2017). The analysis of LPI in Fujian province based on quantile regression. 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Mechatronics and Civil Engineering, 151-158.Pelaez, R. F. (2003a). A new index outperforms the purchasing managers` index. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 41-55.Pelaez, R. F. (2003b). A reassessment of the purchasing managers` index. Business Economics, 38(4), 35-42.Pournader, M., Kach, A., & Talluri, S. (2020). A review of the existing and emerging topics in the supply chain risk management literature. Decision Sciences, 51(4), 867-919.Rogers, R. M. (1992). Forecasting industrial production: purchasing managers` versus production-worker hours data. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 77(1), 25.Rogers, Z., Rogers, D., & Leuschner, R. (2018). The Logistics Managers’ Index. Rutgers Business Review, 3(1).Rogers, Z., Rogers, D., Carnovale, S., Lembke, R., Leuschner, R., & Yeniyurt, S. (2019). The predictive value of the logistics managers’ index. Rutgers Business Review, 4(2).Schramm, H. J., & Munim, Z. H. (2021). Container freight rate forecasting with improved accuracy by integrating soft facts from practitioners. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 41, 100662.Sidi, F., Panahy, P. H. S., Affendey, L. S., Jabar, M. A., Ibrahim, H., & Mustapha, A. (2012). Data quality: A survey of data quality dimensions. 2012 International Conference on Information Retrieval & Knowledge Management, 300-304.Siliverstovs, B. (2018). Dissecting the purchasing managers’ index: Are all relevant components included? Are all included components relevant?. Panoeconomicus, 65(4), 381-394.Stock, J. H., & Watson, M. W. (2002). Macroeconomic forecasting using diffusion indexes. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(2), 147-162.Sulgan, M., & Sosedova, J. (2014). Procurement of materials and components for manufacturing activity. Communications-scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 16(2), 58-62.Tsuchiya, Y. (2012). Is the purchasing managers’ index useful for assessing the economy’s strength? A directional analysis. Economics Bulletin, 32(2).Vermeulen, P. (2012). Quantifying the qualitative responses of the output purchasing managers index in the US and the Euro area. ECB Working Paper, No. 1417.Other SourcesAccountingToday (2023). The Top 100 Firms and Regional Leaders. https://www.accountingtoday.com/the-top-100-firms-and-regional-leaders2023Achilles Information Limited (2023a). Achilles Network. https://www.achilles.com/community/achilles-network/Achilles Information Limited (2023b). Sustainable Supply Chain Management Solutions | Achilles. https://www.achilles.com/Achilles Information Limited (2023c). About Us. https://www.achilles.com/about-us/our-story/Achilles Information Limited (2023d). Global protection from ESG risk. https://www.achilles.com/esg-risk-protection/Altman, S. A. & Bastian, C. R. (2023). DHL Global Connectedness Index 2022. Deutsche Post DHL Group. https://www.dhl.com/global-en/delivered/globalization/global-connectedness-index.html#parsysPath_download_box_copy_coAnalytiqa (2019). Annual confidence index of logistics industry in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2012 to 2019. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1024613/logistics-industry-confidence-index-uk/Analytiqa (2023). The Confidence Indexes. https://www.analytiqa.com/confidence-indexes/ASCM (2023). The KPMG Supply Chain Stability Index, in association with ASCM. https://www.ascm.org/making-an-impact/research/supply-chain-stability-index/Bantoft, R. (2021). Achilles Supply Chain Risk Index Launches. GSM Association. https://www.gsma.com/membership/resources/achilles-supply-chain-risk-index-launches/Belotserkovskiy, R., Mazuera, C., Mussacaleca, M., Sommerer, M., & Vandaele, J. (2023). Procurement 2023: Ten CPO actions to defy the toughest challenges. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/procurement-2023-ten-cpo-actions-to-defy-the-toughest-challengesBDO LLP (2023). Shipping Confidence Survey Report. https://www.bdo.co.uk/en-gb/insights/industries/shipping-and-transport/shipping-confidence-survey-reportBienias, D., Czarnecka, A., Bielacka, A., Dobrzycki, R., Pietrykowska, A., & Bugajło, M. (2022). Poland Logistics and Supply Chain Confidence Index 2022. CBRE and Panattoni Europe. https://content.analytiqa.com/en-gb/poland-logistics2022Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2023). Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/current/default.htmBowersox, D.J., Closs, D., Cooper, M.B. (2007). Procurement. In: Supply Chain Logistics Management, Second Edition.Brusuelas, J., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Introducing the RSM US Supply Chain Index: Sustained growth depends on retooling. RSM US LLP. https://realeconomy.rsmus.com/introducing-the-rsm-us-supply-chain-index-sustained-growth-depends-on-retooling/Cheung, D. & Chin, H. (2019). China Logistics Prosperity Index. Fung Business Intelligence. https://www.fbicgroup.com/internal-site/wp-content/uploads/documents/China-Logistics-Prosperity-Index-NOV19.pdfDevgan, N. (2022). The Semiconductor Slowdown: Supply Chain Shortages and the Implications on the Stock Market. http://economics-files.pomona.edu/garysmith/econ190/Econ190%202022/NiraliDevgan_ThirdDraft.pdfFederal Reserve Bank of New York (2023). Global Supply Chain Pressure Index. https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/policy/gscpi#/interactiveFujita, A., & Smith, S. (2020). Tradeshift CEO on global Trade Health Index launch. [Video]. Yahoo! Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/video/tradeshift-ceo-global-trade-health-212334132.htmlGEP Worldwide (2023a). Global Supply Chain Volatility Index | GEP. https://www.gep.com/knowledge-bank/global-supply-chain-volatility-indexGEP Worldwide (2023b). GEP Global Supply Chain Volatility Index: April 2023. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z836U0tT5oEGrupp, M. (2019). Was ist der Einkaufsmanagerindex eigentlich? Beschaffung aktuell. https://beschaffung-aktuell.industrie.de/news/einkaufsmanagerindex-oben/der-blick-zurueck-in-die-zukunft/Hiersemenzel, M., Sauer, S., & Wohlrabe, K. (2022). On the Representativeness of the ifo Business Survey. CESifo Working Paper No. 9863. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/working-paper/representativeness-ifo-business-surveyHitHorizons (2023). UK: Top 10 Banks with Highest Assets. https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/insights/uk-top-banksHiggins, B., Lee, J., Kent, D., & Imfeld, M. (2022). Seeking supply chain stability in an era of volatility. KPMG LLP and ASCM. https://www.ascm.org/making-an-impact/research/supply-chain-stability-index/sept-2022-p05/IHS Markit (2017). PMI™ Glossary. https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/1218/PMI-Glossary.pdfInstitute for Supply Management (2023). ISM Report On Business. https://www.ismworld.org/supply-management-news-and-reports/reports/ism-report-on-business/INVERTO BCG (2023). Risk Management in Procurement: INVERTO Study. https://www.inverto.com/en/publications/procurement-risks-from-identification-to-management/ISM-Houston Inc. (2023). ISM-Houston Business Report – March 2023. https://www.ism-houston.org/ism-houston-business-report-march-2023/Jennings, R. (2022). German firms splash out billions on Taiwan supply chain, largely in semiconductors and chemicals. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3203863/german-firms-splash-out-billions-taiwan-supply-chain-largely-semiconductors-and-chemicalsKopp, C. M., Scott, G., & Costagliola, D. (2022). ISM Manufacturing Index: Definition and How It`s Calculated. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ism-mfg.asp#:~:text=Investopedia%20%2F%20Michela%20Buttignol-,What%20Is%20the%20ISM%20Manufacturing%20Index%3F,more%20than%20300%20manufacturing%20firms.Lehigh News (2022). Lehigh Business Supply Chain Risk Management Index at All-time Low. https://www2.lehigh.edu/news/lehigh-business-supply-chain-risk-management-index-at-all-time-lowMeyer, C. (2023). Logistics Indicator in co-operation with ifo Institute. BVL – The Supply Chain Network. https://www.bvl.de/en/service/facts--figures/logistics-indicatorNational Development Council (2023). What industries are covered by the purchasing managers` survey? What is the index compilation method?. https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=F8707A182429BE7A.Nguyen, T. (2023). Back-to-normal supply chain fuels disinflation tailwind. RSM US LLP. https://realeconomy.rsmus.com/back-to-normal-supply-chain-fuels-disinflation-tailwind/Rogers, Z., Carnovale, S., Yeniyurt, S., Lembke, R., & Rogers, D. (2023). May 2023 Logistics Managers` Index. https://www.the-lmi.com/may-2023-logistics-managers-index.htmlRSM US LLP (2022). RSM U.S. Supply Chain Index: Back to normal for first time since pandemic hit. https://www.hayniecpas.com/rsm-u-s-supply-chain-index/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rsm-u-s-supply-chain-indexS&P Global (2022). S&P Global Completes Merger with IHS Markit, Creating a Global Leader to Power the Markets of the Future. https://investor.spglobal.com/news-releases/news-details/2022/SP-Global-Completes-Merger-with-IHS-Markit-Creating-a-Global-Leader-to-Power-the-Markets-of-the-Future/S&P Global (2023a). S&P Global Taiwan Manufacturing PMI. https://www.pmi.spglobal.com/public/release/pressreleasesS&P Global (2023b). S&P Global US Manufacturing PMI. https://www.pmi.spglobal.com/public/release/pressreleasesS&P Global (2023c). Purchasing Managers’ Index™ (PMI™) data – Frequently Asked Questions. https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/mi/products/pmi-faq.htmlTamblin, K. (2022a). Supply Chain Resilience Index 2022 Q2 Report. Achilles Information Limited. https://www.achilles.com/app/uploads/2022/06/ASCRI-Report-Q2-2022-2.pdfTamblin, K. (2022b). Supply Chain Resilience Index 2022 Q3 Report. Achilles Information Limited. https://www.achilles.com/industry-insights/ascri/Tayan, B. (2022). ESG Ratings: A Compass without Direction. Stanford University. https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2022/08/24/esg-ratings-a-compass-without-direction/The Economist (2023). Taiwan’s dominance of the chip industry makes it more important. https://www.economist.com/special-report/2023/03/06/taiwans-dominance-of-the-chip-industry-makes-it-more-importantTradeshift Holdings Inc. (2023). The Tradeshift Index of Global Trade Health Q1 2023. https://tradeshift.com/global-trade-report/U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017). Measuring Price Change for Air Freight in the U.S. Import/Export Price Indexes. https://www.bls.gov/mxp/publications/factsheets/air-freight-facts.htmWhitworth, J., Patel, V., Paget, F., Collinson, L., Lean, J., & Barrington, N. (2022). The UK Logistics Confidence Index 2022. Barclays PLC and BDO LLP. https://www.analytiqa.com/uk-logistics-confidence-index-2022/Williamson, C. (2008). The Purchasing Managers’ Index as a Leading Indicator for Business Users. German Logistics Association. Best Practice in Einkauf und Logistik, 467-479.Williamson, C. (2019). Explaining US manufacturing PMI survey divergences. 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國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
111933054資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933054 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wu, Jack en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐立昂 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Leon Joshua Schuette en_US dc.creator (作者) 徐立昂 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Schuette, Leon Joshua en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 15:13:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 15:13:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 15:13:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111933054 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146982 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111933054 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 無 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Due to globally disruptive events in recent years supply chain bottlenecks have gained attention. Supply and production chains are the backbone of the economy. Furthermore, procurement and supply chain management are of increasing importance to businesses. Whilst the Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) has been researched extensively by economists, no source could be found that summarizes the status quo of all publicly accessible indices in this field and/or assesses them. The following research questions are addressed: 1. What does the status quo of public indices in procurement and supply chain management look like? What indices are available and how can they be classified? Are there any initial ideas to cover blatant gaps or to make obvious improvements? 2. How do these indices generally differ from the Purchasing Manager’s Index? 3. What criteria can be used to assess the quality and added value of such indices for practitioners? 4. Considering the current state of research, how do the Purchasing Manager’s Index, Logistics Manager’s Index as well as the Global Supply Chain Pressure Index fair under these criteria? In total 16 indices in Procurement, Logistics & SCM and Supply Chain Risk Management could be identified. As of now, the PMI dominates the field and gives actionable insights for practitioners. The LMI is of interest for logistics specifically. The GSCPI provides a straightforward overview on top of the PMI. Private service providers can use their data to create unique indices. There is a lack of indices depicting sustainability risk development. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Introduction 11.1. Motivation 11.2. Research Gap & Research Questions 22. Status Quo 42.1. Indices in Procurement/Purchasing 42.1.1. ISM Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) 72.1.2. S&P PMI Differences Compared to ISM PMI 102.1.3. Grant Thornton Procurement Index 122.2. Indices in Logistics & Supply Chain Management 132.2.1. Logistics Managers’ Index (LMI) 162.2.2. Other L&SCM Indices 172.3. Indices in Supply Chain Risk Management 232.3.1. Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI) 262.3.2. Other SCRM Indices 273. Assessment of Prominent Indices by Category 333.1. Criteria 333.2. Overview of Assessment via Advantages & Disadvantages 393.3. Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) 403.3.1. Data Quality & Impartiality 403.3.2. Further Criteria 423.3.3. Insightfulness (Predictiveness) & Relevance 453.3.4. Actionability 463.4. Logistics Manager’s Index (LMI) 543.4.1. Initial Criteria 543.4.2. Insightfulness (Predictiveness) & Relevance, Actionability 563.5. Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI) 593.5.1. Initial Criteria 593.5.2. Insightfulness (Predictiveness) & Relevance, Actionability 614. Initial Suggestions of Improvements & New Indices 63Summary and Conclusion 68References 72Journals & Papers 72Other Sources 75 List of TablesTable 1: General Overview of Procurement/Purchasing Indices 6Table 2: ISM PMI Subindices 8Table 3: General Overview of Logistics/Supply Chain Management Indices 13Table 4: General Overview of Supply Chain Risk Management Indices 23Table 5: Assessment Criteria for Indices in Procurement & Supply Chain Management 33Table 6: 3.2. Advantages & Disadvantages of PMI, LMI, GSCPI 39Table 7: Practical PMI Application Areas 47Table 8: Supplier Management via (S&P) PMI 49Table 9: B2B Sales Strategy in Action via (S&P) PMI 51 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2344947 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933054 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 採購 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 供應鏈風險管理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 採購經理人指數 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球供應鏈壓力指數 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物流經理指數 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Procurement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Supply chain risk management en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Purchasing Manager’s Index en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global Supply Chain Pressure Index en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Logistics Manager’s Index en_US dc.title (題名) 採購與供應鏈管理中的公共指標 —現狀評估和潛在改進 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Public indices in procurement & supply chain management — status quo assessment and potential improvements en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ReferencesJournals & PapersAhir, H., Bloom, N., & Furceri, D. (2022). The world uncertainty index (No. w29763). National bureau of economic research.Anand, N., & Grover, N. (2015). Measuring retail supply chain performance: Theoretical model using key performance indicators (KPIs). Benchmarking: An international journal.Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The quarterly journal of economics, 131(4), 1593-1636.Benigno, G., Di Giovanni, J., Groen, J. J., & Noble, A. I. (2022). The GSCPI: a new barometer of global supply chain pressures. FRB of New York Staff Report, (1017).Biemer, P. P. (2010). Total survey error: Design, implementation, and evaluation. Public opinion quarterly, 74(5), 817-848.Cho, D. I., & Ogwang, T. (2006). Conceptual perspectives on selecting the principal variables in the purchasing managers` index. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 42(2), 44-52.Dey, A., LaGuardia, P., & Srinivasan, M. (2011). Building sustainability in logistics operations: a research agenda. Management Research Review, 34(11), 1237-1259.Fan, Y., & Stevenson, M. (2018). A review of supply chain risk management: definition, theory, and research agenda. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management.Gurtu, A., & Johny, J. (2021). Supply chain risk management: Literature review. Risks, 9(1), 16.Harris, E. S. (1991). Tracking the economy with the purchasing managers index. Federal Reserve Bank.Ho, W., Zheng, T., Yildiz, H., & Talluri, S. (2015). Supply chain risk management: a literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 53(16), 5031-5069.Laliberté, L., Grünewald, W., Probst, L. (2004). Data Quality: A comparison Of IMF’s Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) And Eurostat’s Quality Definition.Joseph, A., Larrain, M., & Turnerc, C. (2011). Forecasting purchasing managers’ index with compressed interest rates and past values. Procedia Computer Science, 6, 213-218.Koenig, E. F. (2002). Using the purchasing managers’ index to assess the economy’s strength and the likely direction of monetary policy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic and Financial Policy Review, 1(6), 1-14.LaBelle, J., & Santacreu, A. M. (2022). Global supply chain disruptions and inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.Larrain, M. (2007). The PMI, the T‐Bill and Inventories: A Comparative Analysis of Neural Network and Regression Forecasts. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 43(2), 39-51.Lindsey, M. D., & Pavur, R. J. (2005). As the PMI turns: A tool for supply chain managers. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 41(1), 30-39.Liu, W. (2017). The analysis of LPI in Fujian province based on quantile regression. 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Mechatronics and Civil Engineering, 151-158.Pelaez, R. F. (2003a). A new index outperforms the purchasing managers` index. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 41-55.Pelaez, R. F. (2003b). A reassessment of the purchasing managers` index. Business Economics, 38(4), 35-42.Pournader, M., Kach, A., & Talluri, S. (2020). A review of the existing and emerging topics in the supply chain risk management literature. Decision Sciences, 51(4), 867-919.Rogers, R. M. (1992). Forecasting industrial production: purchasing managers` versus production-worker hours data. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 77(1), 25.Rogers, Z., Rogers, D., & Leuschner, R. (2018). The Logistics Managers’ Index. Rutgers Business Review, 3(1).Rogers, Z., Rogers, D., Carnovale, S., Lembke, R., Leuschner, R., & Yeniyurt, S. (2019). The predictive value of the logistics managers’ index. Rutgers Business Review, 4(2).Schramm, H. J., & Munim, Z. H. (2021). Container freight rate forecasting with improved accuracy by integrating soft facts from practitioners. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 41, 100662.Sidi, F., Panahy, P. H. S., Affendey, L. S., Jabar, M. 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