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題名 「後反送中時代」之中共對港管治觀察:以香港新冠肺炎疫情治理為例
Observation of the Chinese Communist Party’s Governance of Hong Kong in the Post-Anti-Extradition Era: A Case Study of the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic
作者 石健安
Shek, Kin-On
貢獻者 王信賢
Wang, Hsin-Hsien
石健安
Shek, Kin-On
關鍵詞 新冠疫情
中共對港管治
一國兩制
公共政策
反送中事件
Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement
COVID-19
CCP`s governance over Hong Kong
One Country, Two Systems
Public policy
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:12:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 香港自1997年主權移交至中國大陸後,至今已有二十六年,《基本法》保障香港所擁有的各種特殊權利,究竟直到今天是否仍得到保障?過去在這二十六年時間內,有關中共收緊對香港管治或破壞了「一國兩制」的說法,時有被國際社會所討論。在這議題上,中國官方一直都否認這些指控,並多次重申「一國兩制」在香港運行良好,不斷與國際輿論進行交鋒。

2019年,香港爆發了自回歸以來最為大規模的社會抗爭事件,事件被稱為「反送中事件」,而事件矛頭直指中共官方。反送中事件被外界視為香港民眾反抗中共管治的最後抗爭,然而事實上,事件確實嚴重打擊了特區政府管治威信,也衝擊了中共對港管治信心。正當事件尚未被平息,香港卻又面臨「新冠肺炎疫情」的衝擊,這場疫情成為了香港回歸以來最嚴重的公共衛生危機事件。正當中央與特區政府,都在為突如其來的疫情而投入大量政策注意力,中共亦隨即改變對港管治方針,如:實施港版國安法、更改選舉制度等。該變遷普遍被認為是中共全面收緊對港管治,亦是「一國兩制」的破產,但有關說法只針對於香港政治環境分析,主要討論香港是否仍擁有民主自由權利。但本文認為,若只從政治視角去討論中共對港管治,這可能仍不足以全面理解目前中共對港管治的真實情況。

新冠疫情緊接著反送中運動,上述許多有關中共對港管治新方針,都是疫情期間實施,再加上新冠疫情的廣泛性影響,對特區政府運作都受到極大衝擊。因此,本文將利用新冠疫情作為研究中共對港管治變遷的分析案例,進一步深入分析有關管治變遷,除了對香港政治環境有所改變外,對非政治性的公共政策影響又是為何?本文透過對疫情期間中央與特區政府的防疫政策,進行檢視並比較分析,找出兩地政府防疫政策,在不同時間點上出現了什麼轉變,分析有關轉變對兩地政府防疫政策存在什麼關係。接著再透過中共對港管治變遷指標性事件,分析這些事件發生後,中港兩地領導人及相關防疫專家對其防疫政策的發言。

研究結果發現,中共進一步收緊對港管治,除了影響香港政治氣氛外,連同特區政府在公共政策制定上也同樣受到影響。雖然沒有證據顯示,中共是直接對特區公共政策進行干預,但中共對港權力的增加,會影響了特區政府對公共政策制定的判斷,特區變得更以中央為政策指標角色。另外,本文亦發現,有關影響並非屬短期性影響,而是一個不可逆的情況,可見中央將持續影響特區的公共政策。最後,本文在研究層面上補足了過去研究中共對港管治,較少討論到的公共政策視角,這為日後分析中共對港管治議題提供了新的研究途徑,讓我們能更全面分析該研究議題。
Since the sovereignty transfer of Hong Kong to Mainland China in 1997, it has been twenty-six years. The "Basic Law" guarantees various special rights for Hong Kong, but is it still being upheld to this day? Over the past twenty-six years, there have been discussions in the international community about the Chinese Communist Party tightening its control over Hong Kong or undermining the "One Country, Two Systems" principle. On this issue, the Chinese government has consistently denied these allegations, repeatedly asserting that "One Country, Two Systems" has been functioning well in Hong Kong, engaging in ongoing confrontations with international public opinion.

In 2019, Hong Kong experienced the largest-scale social protest since its return to Chinese sovereignty, known as the "Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement." The event directly targeted the CCP`s official stance. The protests were seen by the international community as Hong Kong people`s final resistance against CCP`s rule. However, it did significantly undermine the credibility of the Hong Kong government`s governance and shook the confidence of the CCP in governing Hong Kong.

While the protests were ongoing, Hong Kong was hit by the "COVID-19 pandemic," becoming the most severe public health crisis since its return to China. The outbreak of COVID-19 led to both the central and Hong Kong governments investing significant policy efforts to combat the pandemic. The CCP then changed its approach to governance in Hong Kong, implementing the Hong Kong version of the national security law and altering the electoral system. These changes have been widely perceived as comprehensive tightening of control over Hong Kong and a collapse of the "One Country, Two Systems" principle. However, such analyses mainly focus on the political environment in Hong Kong, primarily discussing whether Hong Kong still maintains democratic freedoms. This article argues that a political perspective alone may not fully grasp the true situation of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong.

Following the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, and many new policies related to the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong were implemented during this pandemic period. Combined with the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it significantly affected the operation of the Hong Kong SAR government. Therefore, this article will use the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study to analyze the changes in the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong. It will further delve into the analysis of these governance changes, exploring not only their impact on the political environment in Hong Kong but also their influence on non-political public policies. Through examining and comparing the epidemic prevention policies of the Chinese government and Hong Kong government during the pandemic, this article aims to identify the shifts in their respective policies at different time points and analyze the relationship between these changes and their epidemic prevention strategies. Subsequently, the article will analyze the statements made by leaders from both Mainland China and Hong Kong and relevant epidemic prevention experts regarding these key events in the context of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong.

The research findings indicate that as the CCP further tightens its governance over Hong Kong, not only does it impact the political atmosphere, but it also affects the formulation of public policies by the Hong Kong government. While there is no direct evidence of the CCP intervening in specific public policies, the increased influence of the Chinese government over Hong Kong`s affairs has led the Hong Kong government to align its policy decisions more closely with the Chinese government`s agenda. Moreover, this influence is not short-term but rather an irreversible situation, suggesting that the central government will continue to exert its impact on the public policies of the Hong Kong government. Finally, this research fills a gap in previous studies of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong by focusing on the public policy perspective, which has been relatively less explored. This provides a new research approach for analyzing the issue of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong in the future, enabling a more comprehensive analysis of the subject matter.
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香港電台,2022,〈孔繁毅:本港已築免疫屏障 可加快放寬社交距離措施〉,4月24日,https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1645398-20220424.htm?spTabChangeable=0,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
美國之音,2022,〈港府宣佈週五起推“紅黃碼”縮短抵港人士酒店隔離 前政協批未能與國際接軌〉,8月8日,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/it-hong-kong-gov-t-announce-to-cut-arrivals-hotel-quarantine-with-health-code-20220808-ry/6692617.html,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
香港電台,2022,〈特首稱防疫抗疫措施按實際情況 不應刻意與新加坡比較〉,10月11日,https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1670469-20221011.htm?spTabChangeable=0,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
香港01,2022,〈消息:政府減檢疫期、不撤「疫苗通」 顧及港已對外通關有別內地〉,12月8日,https://pse.is/4serjx,查閱時間:2023/3/17。
BBC中文,2022,〈各國新冠疫情漸次「收尾」 大流行怎麼定義?〉,9月26日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-62973314,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
新浪新聞,2020,〈外交部、國家移民管理局關於暫時停止持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的公告〉,3月26日,https://news.sina.cn/2020-03-26/detail-iimxxsth1974741.d.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
財新網,2020,〈全國30省份啟動重大突發公共衛生事件一級響應〉,1月25日,https://china.caixin.com/m/2020-01-25/101508214.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
中華人民共和國海關總署,2020,〈海關總署公告2020年第16號(關於重新啟動出入境人員填寫健康申明卡製度的公告)〉,1月25日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200126235436/http:/www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/2480148/2852137/index.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
國家移民管理局,2020,〈中華人民共和國出入境管理局暫停辦理疫情防控期間內地居民前往香港地區商務簽注〉,2月7日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1236794/content.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
京報網,2020,〈去武漢的旅客!多平台提供改簽退票服務〉,1月21日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200502022420/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e2694e6e4b0e6e58393ae2f.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
京報網,2020,〈解封在即,李蘭娟首次披露武漢封城細節〉,3月27日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200506093034/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202003/27/WS5e7dea1be4b03cc9592dadfb.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
BBC中文,2020,〈武漢肺炎:「封城」防疫是怎麼操作的?到底有沒有用?〉,1月24日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51232433,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
搜狐網,2020,〈全國多地解封、取消復工審批,復工了嗎?〉,2月23日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200223181839/https:/www.sohu.com/a/375204320_660047,查閱時間:2023/5/20。
中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示〉,1月20日,https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/20/content_5471057.htm,查閱時間:2023/5/22。
BBC中文,2020,〈各國新冠疫情漸次「收尾」 大流行怎麼定義?〉,9月26日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-62973314,查閱時間:2023/6/4。
新浪新聞,2020,〈外交部、國家移民管理局關於暫時停止持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的公告〉,3月26日,https://news.sina.cn/2020-03-26/detail-iimxxsth1974741.d.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
中國財新網,2020,〈全國30省份啟動重大突發公共衛生事件一級響應〉,1月25日,https://china.caixin.com/m/2020-01-25/101508214.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
中國國家移民管理局,2020,〈中華人民共和國出入境管理局暫停辦理疫情防控期間內地居民前往香港地區商務簽注〉,2月7日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1236794/content.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
香港政府新聞網,2020,〈兩人確診染病 政府加強防疫〉,1月23日,https://www.news.gov.hk/chi/2020/01/20200123/20200123_203125_697.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
京報網,2020,〈去武漢的旅客!多平台提供改簽退票服務〉,1月21日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200502022420/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e2694e6e4b0e6e58393ae2f.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
京報網,2020,〈解封在即,李蘭娟首次披露武漢封城細節〉,3月27日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200506093034/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202003/27/WS5e7dea1be4b03cc9592dadfb.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
BBC中文,2020,〈武漢肺炎:「封城」防疫是怎麼操作的?到底有沒有用?〉,1月24日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51232433,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中央疾病預防控制局,2020,〈中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公告〉,1月20日,http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s7916/202001/44a3b8245e8049d2837a4f27529cd386.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中央人民政府,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示〉,1月20日,https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/20/content_5471057.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
新浪新聞,2020,〈林鄭致函國務院:盼內地協助供應口罩〉,1月26日,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-01-26/doc-iihnzahk6389781.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國駐納米比亞大使館,2020,〈關於暫停持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的通知〉,3月27日,http://na.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202003/t20200327_6792845.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國民用航空局,2020,〈關於疫情防控期間繼續調減國際客運航班量的通知〉,3月26日,http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/TZTG/202003/t20200326_201746.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國民用航空局,2020,〈民航局關於調整國際客運航班的通知〉,6月4日,http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/TZTG/202006/t20200604_202928.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國國家移民管理局,2020,〈關於恢復辦理內地居民赴澳門旅遊簽注的公告〉,8月11日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1330174/content.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
新浪新聞,2020,〈香港疫情抬頭,一周內逾萬港人北上“避疫”,深圳珠海連夜收緊入境限制〉,7月17日,https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-07-17/doc-iivhvpwx5975984.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈習近平:在中央政治局常委會會議研究應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情工作時的講話〉,2月15日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-02/15/c_1125578886.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示 強調要把人民群眾生命安全和身體健康放在第一位 堅決遏制疫情蔓延勢頭 李克強作出批示〉,1月20日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-01/20/c_1125486561.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
國務院新聞辦公室,2020,〈國家衛生健康委員會:當前疫情仍可防可控〉,1月20日,http://www.scio.gov.cn/xwfbh/xwbfbh/wqfbh/42311/42470/xgbd42477/Document/1672390/1672390.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈入境人員集中觀察14天兩次核酸檢測〉,9月3日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/health/2020-09/03/c_1126446732.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
金華市人民政府外事辦公室,2021,〈境外回國隔離政策更新,最長35天!〉,5月31日,http://swb.jinhua.gov.cn/art/2021/5/31/art_1229319172_3847352.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
網易財經,2020,〈中國於7月22日啟動新冠疫苗緊急使用 接種人數超2萬〉,8月23日,https://www.163.com/money/article/FKMTJ4VU00259DLP.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
浙江省人民政府,2021,〈浙江超139萬人完成新冠疫苗接種!異常反應有哪些?兩種疫苗安全性如何?剛剛權威回應〉,3月15日,https://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/3/15/art_1554467_59086434.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。


二、英文部分

専書
John P. Burns. 2021. Coronavirus Politics: The Comparative Politics and Policy of COVID-19. Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press.
Lieberthal, K.G. 1992. Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. California, US: University of California Press.
Linda Chelan Li. 1998. Centre and Province: China 1978-1993, Power as Non-Zero-Sum. New York: Oxford University Press.
Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. & Alexander L. 1995. In-depth Interviewing, Second Edition. South Melbourne: Longman.
Williams, M. 1997. Social Research Issues, Methods and Process. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Wong, Yiu-chung. 2008. One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong`s Transformation since the Handover. Lanham, UK: Lexington Books.

専書中論文
Albert H.Y. Chen. 2009. “Social Movements and the Law in Post-Colonial Hong Kong.” In Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce and Gilles Guiheux, eds., Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space, pp. 65-90. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Catherine Yuk-ping LO. 2022. “The Coronavirus as the ‘Final Straw’ of the CCP’s Performative Legitimacy?: A New Economic Model in the Post-COVID-19 Era.” In Anoma P. van der Veere., Florian Schneider and Catherine Yuk-ping Lo, eds., Public Health in Asia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Health Governance, Migrant Labour, and International Health Crises, pp. 217-230. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Chris Chan., Anna Tsui. 2022. “Hong Kong: From Democratic Protests to Medical Workers’ Strikes in a Pandemic.” In Breno Bringel and Geoffrey Pleyers, eds., Social Movements and Politics during COVID-19: Crisis, Solidarity and Change in a Global Pandemic, pp. 202-208. Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press.
Kenneth, Ka-Lok Chan. 2023. “OPEN SOCIETY CONTESTED: LIBERAL UNIVERSALISM VERSUS AUTOCRATIC FUNCTIONALISM IN HONG KONG.” In Christof Royer and Liviu Matei, eds., Open Society Unresolved: The Contemporary Relevance of a Contested Idea, pp. 132-147. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press.
Lee, Ching Kwan. 2019. “The Social Question as the Struggle over Precarity: The Case of China.” In Jan Breman., Kevan Harris., Lee, Ching Kwan and Marcel van der Linden, eds., The Social Question in the Twenty-First Century: A Global View, pp 58-76. California, US: University of California Press.
Mahoney, J. L., Villegas, C. M. 2009. “Historical enquiry and comparative politics.” eds., The Oxford handbook of comparative politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ngok Ma. 2009. “Social Movements and State-Society Relationship in Hong Kong.” In Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce and Gilles Guiheux, eds., Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space, pp. 45-64. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Victor C. Shih. 2021. “CHINA’S LENINIST RESPONSE TO COVID-19: From Information Repression to Total Mobilization.” In Scott L. Greer., Elizabeth J. King., Elize Massard da Fonseca and André Peralta-Santos, eds., Coronavirus Politics: The Comparative Politics and Policy of COVID-19, pp. 67-85. Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press.

期刊論文
Ahlers, A. L. 2018. “Introduction: Chinese governance in the era of ‘top-level design’.” Journal of Chinese Governance 3(3): 263-7.
Beckman, S., Tavormina, J. 1978. “Power Relationships in Families: A Social-Exchange Perspective.” Family Process 17: 423-436.
Benjamin Lotz. 2012. “Article 23 of the Hong Kong Basic Law: Whither Media Freedom?.” Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 45(1): 56-71.
Brian, C. H. Fong. 2017. “One Country, Two Nationalisms: Center-Periphery Relations between Mainland China and Hong Kong, 1997–2016.” Modern China 43(5): 523-556.
Cabestan, Jean-Pierre., Éric Florence. “Twenty Years After the Handover: Hong Kong`s Political and Social Transformation and Its Future under China`s Rule.” China Perspectives 3(114): 3-8.
Chan, Chi Kit. 2014. “China as "Other": Resistance to and ambivalence toward national identity in Hong Kong.” China Perspectives 1(97): 25-34.
Chen, Albert H.Y. “The Hong Kong Basic Law and the Limits of Democratization Under “One Country Two Systems” The International Lawyer 50(1): 69-86.
Cheung, Peter T. Y. 2015. “Toward collaborative governance between Hong Kong and Mainland China.” Urban Studies 52(10): 1915-1933.
Cheung, Peter T. Y. 2011. “Who`s Influencing Whom? Exploring the Influence of Hong Kong on Politics and Governance in China.” Asian Survey 51(4): 713-738.
Chiang, Min-Hua. 2016. “Sustaining Hong Kong`s Services amid the Changing Dynamics of China`s Economy.” China Perspectives 2(106): 37-45.
Chung, Jae Ho. 1995. “Studies of central–provincial relations in the People`s Republic of China: a mid-term appraisal.” The China Quarterly 142: 487-508.
Chung, Hiu-Fung. 2020. “Changing Repertoires of Contention in Hong Kong: A Case Study on the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement.” China Perspectives 3(122): 57-64.
Ding, Chun-yan., Lin, Fen. 2021. “Information Authoritarianism vs. Information Anarchy: A Comparison of Information Ecosystems in Mainland China and Hong Kong during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The China Review 21(1): 91-106.
Dittmer, Lowell. 1995. “Chinese informal politics.” The China Journal 34: 1-34.
Flaskas, C., Humphreys, C. 1993. “Theorizing about Power: Intersecting the Ideas of Foucault with the ‘Problem’ of Power in Family Therapy.” Family Process 32: 35-47.
Gonzalo, Villalta Puig., Chan, Vinci. 2016. “Free Trade as a Force of Political Stability? The Case of Mainland China and Hong Kong.” The International Lawyer 49(3): 299-324.
Gordon, G. Chang. “THE HONG KONG MOMENT: Trouble on China`s Periphery.” World Affairs 177(5): 9-15.
Han, Zhu. 2019. “Beijing`s "Rule of Law" Strategy for Governing Hong Kong: Legalisation without Democratisation.” China Perspectives 1(116): 23-34.
Israeli, R. 2010. “China`s Uyghur problem.” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 4(1): 89-101.
Jonathan Lam. 2017. “Rethinking the NPCSC`s Power to Interpret the Basic Law.” Hong Kong Law Journal 47: 825-845.
Li, Yu-wai Vic. 2020. “The Irreplaceable Outpost? Whither Hong Kong in China’s Financial Future.” The China Review 20(3): 261-278.
Lo, Shiu-Hing Sonny. 2018. “Ideologies and Factionalism in Beijing–Hong Kong Relations.” Asian Survey 58(3): 392-415.
Manantan, Mark Bryan. 2021. “Unleash the Dragon: China’s Strategic Narrative during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Cyber Defense Review 6(2): 71-90.
Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. & Alexander L. (1995) In-depth Interviewing, Second Edition. South Melbourne: Longman.
Nicole Newendorp. 2011. “Contesting "Law and Order": Immigrants` Encounters with "Rule of Law" in Postcolonial Hong Kong.” Political and Legal Anthropology Review 34(1): 95-111.
Sautman, Barry. 2005. “China`s strategic vulnerability to minority separatism in Tibet.” Asian Affairs: An American Review 32(2): 87-118.
Shirk, Susan. 1990. “’Playing to the Provinces:’ Deng Xiaoping`s political strategy of economic reform.” Studies in Comparative Communism 23(3/4): 227-58.
Sheng, Yumin. 2005. “Central-Provincial Relations at the CCP Central Committees: Institutions, Measurement and Empirical Trends, 1978-2002.” The China Quarterly 187:343~351.
Su, Zhen-hua., Su, Shan. Zhou, Qian. 2021. “Government Trust in a Time of Crisis: Survey Evidence at the Beginning of the Pandemic in China.” The China Review 21(2): 87-116.
Surya Deva. 2020. “Threats to Hong Kong`s Autonomy from the NPC`s Standing Committee: The Role of Courts and the Basic Structure Doctrin.” Hong Kong Law Journal 50:901-930.
Suzanne Pepper. 2000. “Elections, Political Change and Basic Law Government: The Hong Kong System in Search of a Political Form.” The China Quarterly 162: 410-438.
Wu, Fengshi. 2021. “State and Society in Extreme Times: China’s Early Response to COVID-19 Outbreak.” The China Review 21(1): 1-6.
Yao, Wen. 2021. “Branding and Legitimation: China’s Party Diplomacy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The China Review 21(1): 55-90.
Yuen, Samson. 2015. “Hong Kong After the Umbrella Movement: Art uncertain future for "One Country Two Systems".” China Perspectives 1(101): 49-53.
Zhang, Bao-hui. 2009. “Political Paralysis of the Basic Law Regime and the Politics of Institutional Reform in Hong Kong.” Asian Survey 49(2): 312-332.
Zheng, Yongnian., Tok, Sow Keat. 2007. “Beijing Responds to Hong Kong`s Democratization Movement: From Bureaucratic Control to Political Leadership.” Asian Affairs 33(4): 235-255.
Zhou, Fei-zhou. 2009. “Jinbiaosai Tizhi (The Tournament System).” Sociological Research 3:54-77.

政策報告
Atlantic Council. 2020. [2019 Hong Kong Protests: Online and on the Ground]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2020. [One China, Two Systems, and Different Visions for the Future]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2020. [China’s Shift Toward Discourse Power]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2021. [HONG KONG’S FUTURE ON EDGE: Countering China’s National Security Law]. January 1.
Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 2019. [ASSESSING POLICY APPROACHES FROM BEIJING]. December 1.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2019. [Hong Kong and Taiwan: Two Davids Facing a Chinese Goliath]. January 1.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2020. [Ideological Security as National Security]. December 1.
Institute for National Security Studies. 2020. [The National People’s Congress 2020: The Hong Kong National Security Law and China’s Enhanced Presence]. June 3.
The Asan Institute for Policy Studies. 2021. [Political and Diplomatic Implications of China`s Two Sessions 2021]. April 9.
The Economist. 2017. [At the Sharp End: China and the West]. December 16.

網路資料
David Lague, James Pomfret, and Greg Torode. 2019. “Special Report: How murder, kidnappings and miscalculation set off Hong Kong`s revolt.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-extradition-narrati/special-report-how-murder-kidnappings-and-miscalculation-set-off-hong-kongs-revolt-idUSKBN1YO18Q (December 20, 2019)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “HKSAR Government imposes immigration restrictions on Hubei Province residents and persons visited Hubei Province in past 14 days.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/26/P2020012600751.htm?fontSize=1 (January 26,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government enhances disease prevention and control measures with reference to WHO`s advice” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/31/P2020013100826.htm?fontSize=1 (January 31,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Exemption arrangement under Compulsory Quarantine of Certain Persons Arriving at Hong Kong Regulation” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202002/07/P2020020700667.htm?fontSize=1 (February 7,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Exemption arrangement under Compulsory Quarantine of Certain Persons Arriving at Hong Kong Regulation (Cap. 599C)” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202002/14/P2020021400729.htm?fontSize=1 (February 14,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Transcript of remarks by CE at media session before ExCo meeting (with video)” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202009/22/P2020092200426.htm?fontSize=1 (September 22,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government gazetted latest amendments to Prevention and Control of Disease (Compulsory Testing for Certain Persons) Regulation.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202012/08/P2020120800808.htm?fontSize=1 (December 8,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government makes Prevention and Control of Disease (Use of Vaccines) Regulation.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202012/24/P2020122300963.htm?fontSize=1 (December 24,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government adjusts boarding, quarantine and testing arrangements for inbound travelers and extends arrangement of place-specific flight suspension mechanism.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202201/27/P2022012700853.htm?fontSize=1 (January 27,2022)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government announces implementation arrangements for Vaccine Pass.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202202/21/P2022022100781.htm?fontSize=1 (February 21,2022)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Third dose COVID-19 vaccination arrangements for persons under certain groups.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202111/03/P2021110300536.htm?fontSize=1 (November 3,2021)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Paediatric formulation of Comirnaty vaccine arrives in Hong Kong.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202210/28/P2022102800543.htm?fontSize=1 (October 28,2022)
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
110260019
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110260019
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王信賢zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Hsin-Hsienen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 石健安zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Shek, Kin-Onen_US
dc.creator (作者) 石健安zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Shek, Kin-Onen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:12:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:12:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:12:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110260019en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147233-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110260019zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 香港自1997年主權移交至中國大陸後,至今已有二十六年,《基本法》保障香港所擁有的各種特殊權利,究竟直到今天是否仍得到保障?過去在這二十六年時間內,有關中共收緊對香港管治或破壞了「一國兩制」的說法,時有被國際社會所討論。在這議題上,中國官方一直都否認這些指控,並多次重申「一國兩制」在香港運行良好,不斷與國際輿論進行交鋒。

2019年,香港爆發了自回歸以來最為大規模的社會抗爭事件,事件被稱為「反送中事件」,而事件矛頭直指中共官方。反送中事件被外界視為香港民眾反抗中共管治的最後抗爭,然而事實上,事件確實嚴重打擊了特區政府管治威信,也衝擊了中共對港管治信心。正當事件尚未被平息,香港卻又面臨「新冠肺炎疫情」的衝擊,這場疫情成為了香港回歸以來最嚴重的公共衛生危機事件。正當中央與特區政府,都在為突如其來的疫情而投入大量政策注意力,中共亦隨即改變對港管治方針,如:實施港版國安法、更改選舉制度等。該變遷普遍被認為是中共全面收緊對港管治,亦是「一國兩制」的破產,但有關說法只針對於香港政治環境分析,主要討論香港是否仍擁有民主自由權利。但本文認為,若只從政治視角去討論中共對港管治,這可能仍不足以全面理解目前中共對港管治的真實情況。

新冠疫情緊接著反送中運動,上述許多有關中共對港管治新方針,都是疫情期間實施,再加上新冠疫情的廣泛性影響,對特區政府運作都受到極大衝擊。因此,本文將利用新冠疫情作為研究中共對港管治變遷的分析案例,進一步深入分析有關管治變遷,除了對香港政治環境有所改變外,對非政治性的公共政策影響又是為何?本文透過對疫情期間中央與特區政府的防疫政策,進行檢視並比較分析,找出兩地政府防疫政策,在不同時間點上出現了什麼轉變,分析有關轉變對兩地政府防疫政策存在什麼關係。接著再透過中共對港管治變遷指標性事件,分析這些事件發生後,中港兩地領導人及相關防疫專家對其防疫政策的發言。

研究結果發現,中共進一步收緊對港管治,除了影響香港政治氣氛外,連同特區政府在公共政策制定上也同樣受到影響。雖然沒有證據顯示,中共是直接對特區公共政策進行干預,但中共對港權力的增加,會影響了特區政府對公共政策制定的判斷,特區變得更以中央為政策指標角色。另外,本文亦發現,有關影響並非屬短期性影響,而是一個不可逆的情況,可見中央將持續影響特區的公共政策。最後,本文在研究層面上補足了過去研究中共對港管治,較少討論到的公共政策視角,這為日後分析中共對港管治議題提供了新的研究途徑,讓我們能更全面分析該研究議題。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the sovereignty transfer of Hong Kong to Mainland China in 1997, it has been twenty-six years. The "Basic Law" guarantees various special rights for Hong Kong, but is it still being upheld to this day? Over the past twenty-six years, there have been discussions in the international community about the Chinese Communist Party tightening its control over Hong Kong or undermining the "One Country, Two Systems" principle. On this issue, the Chinese government has consistently denied these allegations, repeatedly asserting that "One Country, Two Systems" has been functioning well in Hong Kong, engaging in ongoing confrontations with international public opinion.

In 2019, Hong Kong experienced the largest-scale social protest since its return to Chinese sovereignty, known as the "Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement." The event directly targeted the CCP`s official stance. The protests were seen by the international community as Hong Kong people`s final resistance against CCP`s rule. However, it did significantly undermine the credibility of the Hong Kong government`s governance and shook the confidence of the CCP in governing Hong Kong.

While the protests were ongoing, Hong Kong was hit by the "COVID-19 pandemic," becoming the most severe public health crisis since its return to China. The outbreak of COVID-19 led to both the central and Hong Kong governments investing significant policy efforts to combat the pandemic. The CCP then changed its approach to governance in Hong Kong, implementing the Hong Kong version of the national security law and altering the electoral system. These changes have been widely perceived as comprehensive tightening of control over Hong Kong and a collapse of the "One Country, Two Systems" principle. However, such analyses mainly focus on the political environment in Hong Kong, primarily discussing whether Hong Kong still maintains democratic freedoms. This article argues that a political perspective alone may not fully grasp the true situation of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong.

Following the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, and many new policies related to the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong were implemented during this pandemic period. Combined with the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it significantly affected the operation of the Hong Kong SAR government. Therefore, this article will use the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study to analyze the changes in the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong. It will further delve into the analysis of these governance changes, exploring not only their impact on the political environment in Hong Kong but also their influence on non-political public policies. Through examining and comparing the epidemic prevention policies of the Chinese government and Hong Kong government during the pandemic, this article aims to identify the shifts in their respective policies at different time points and analyze the relationship between these changes and their epidemic prevention strategies. Subsequently, the article will analyze the statements made by leaders from both Mainland China and Hong Kong and relevant epidemic prevention experts regarding these key events in the context of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong.

The research findings indicate that as the CCP further tightens its governance over Hong Kong, not only does it impact the political atmosphere, but it also affects the formulation of public policies by the Hong Kong government. While there is no direct evidence of the CCP intervening in specific public policies, the increased influence of the Chinese government over Hong Kong`s affairs has led the Hong Kong government to align its policy decisions more closely with the Chinese government`s agenda. Moreover, this influence is not short-term but rather an irreversible situation, suggesting that the central government will continue to exert its impact on the public policies of the Hong Kong government. Finally, this research fills a gap in previous studies of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong by focusing on the public policy perspective, which has been relatively less explored. This provides a new research approach for analyzing the issue of the CCP`s governance over Hong Kong in the future, enabling a more comprehensive analysis of the subject matter.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究目的與研究動機 1
第二節 研究背景 3
第三節 研究設計與研究方法 15
第四節 研究架構 21

第貮章 文獻回顧 24
第一節 權力關係理論 24
第二節 央地關係理論 28
第三節 中央與特區關係相關文獻 34

第叁章 中港新冠疫情治理政策目標變遷趨勢 41
第一節 初始期 41
第二節 傳播期 50
第三節 爆發期 63
第四節 鬆動期 72
第五節 防疫政策趨勢 83

第肆章 中央對特區管治變遷之對港防疫政策影響 86
第一節 2020新冠疫情爆發初期 87
第二節 「港版國安法」實施後 89
第三節 「香港沙士疫情」個案比較 97

第伍章 結論 104

參考文獻 109
一、 中文部分 109
二、 英文部分 120
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1565048 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110260019en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠疫情zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中共對港管治zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一國兩制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反送中事件zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CCP`s governance over Hong Kongen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) One Country, Two Systemsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Public policyen_US
dc.title (題名) 「後反送中時代」之中共對港管治觀察:以香港新冠肺炎疫情治理為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Observation of the Chinese Communist Party’s Governance of Hong Kong in the Post-Anti-Extradition Era: A Case Study of the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemicen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分

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BBC中文,2021,〈新冠疫情:香港宣佈收緊防疫豁免措施 能否與中國大陸通關仍然存疑〉,10月28日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-59063090,查閱時間:2023/3/14。
聯合早報,2022,〈香港收緊防疫措施 晚市禁堂食關閉酒吧〉,1月5日,https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20220105-1229954,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
獨立媒體,2022,〈取消公布病人詳細資料 張竹君:因為已經無乜意義〉,2月7日,https://pse.is/4tmqgj,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
明報新聞,2022,〈快測申報平台上線 政府推算兩成人已感染 抗疫勢大調整 先減死亡重症〉,3月8日,https://pse.is/4unqt6,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
紐約時報中文網,2022,〈搶購潮和離港潮:香港疫情和防控措施引發恐慌〉,3月10日,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20220310/hong-kong-covid-lockdown/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
獨立媒體,2022,〈全民檢測一改再改 林鄭今稱非優先、不為交差勉強做〉,3月9日,https://pse.is/4ual9j,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
紐約時報中文網,2022,〈香港面臨新疫情危機:無法與病毒共存,也無法「清零」〉,2月17日,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20220217/hong-kong-covid-omicron-wave/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
聯合早報,2022,〈習近平一錘定音 終結清零與共存之爭〉,2月17日,https://www.zaobao.com.sg/wencui/political/story20220220-1244592,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
新華網,2022,〈中央援建香港方艙醫院項目開工〉,2月23日,http://www.news.cn/mrdx/2022-02/23/c_1310485955.htm,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
中央通訊社,2022,〈香港疫情漸緩 官民為走出抗疫枷鎖作準備〉,4月11日,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/acn/202204110140.aspx,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
香港經濟日報,2022,〈「第五波疫情」袁國勇預測今年聖誕可恢復正常生活 指學童不打疫苗上學「好大問題」〉,3月28日,https://pse.is/4t7tbg,查閱時間:2023/3/15。
香港電台,2022,〈孔繁毅:本港已築免疫屏障 可加快放寬社交距離措施〉,4月24日,https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1645398-20220424.htm?spTabChangeable=0,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
美國之音,2022,〈港府宣佈週五起推“紅黃碼”縮短抵港人士酒店隔離 前政協批未能與國際接軌〉,8月8日,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/it-hong-kong-gov-t-announce-to-cut-arrivals-hotel-quarantine-with-health-code-20220808-ry/6692617.html,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
香港電台,2022,〈特首稱防疫抗疫措施按實際情況 不應刻意與新加坡比較〉,10月11日,https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/ch/component/k2/1670469-20221011.htm?spTabChangeable=0,查閱時間:2023/3/16。
香港01,2022,〈消息:政府減檢疫期、不撤「疫苗通」 顧及港已對外通關有別內地〉,12月8日,https://pse.is/4serjx,查閱時間:2023/3/17。
BBC中文,2022,〈各國新冠疫情漸次「收尾」 大流行怎麼定義?〉,9月26日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-62973314,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
新浪新聞,2020,〈外交部、國家移民管理局關於暫時停止持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的公告〉,3月26日,https://news.sina.cn/2020-03-26/detail-iimxxsth1974741.d.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
財新網,2020,〈全國30省份啟動重大突發公共衛生事件一級響應〉,1月25日,https://china.caixin.com/m/2020-01-25/101508214.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
中華人民共和國海關總署,2020,〈海關總署公告2020年第16號(關於重新啟動出入境人員填寫健康申明卡製度的公告)〉,1月25日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200126235436/http:/www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/2480148/2852137/index.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
國家移民管理局,2020,〈中華人民共和國出入境管理局暫停辦理疫情防控期間內地居民前往香港地區商務簽注〉,2月7日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1236794/content.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
京報網,2020,〈去武漢的旅客!多平台提供改簽退票服務〉,1月21日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200502022420/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e2694e6e4b0e6e58393ae2f.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
京報網,2020,〈解封在即,李蘭娟首次披露武漢封城細節〉,3月27日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200506093034/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202003/27/WS5e7dea1be4b03cc9592dadfb.html,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
BBC中文,2020,〈武漢肺炎:「封城」防疫是怎麼操作的?到底有沒有用?〉,1月24日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51232433,查閱時間:2023/5/15。
搜狐網,2020,〈全國多地解封、取消復工審批,復工了嗎?〉,2月23日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200223181839/https:/www.sohu.com/a/375204320_660047,查閱時間:2023/5/20。
中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示〉,1月20日,https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/20/content_5471057.htm,查閱時間:2023/5/22。
BBC中文,2020,〈各國新冠疫情漸次「收尾」 大流行怎麼定義?〉,9月26日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/science-62973314,查閱時間:2023/6/4。
新浪新聞,2020,〈外交部、國家移民管理局關於暫時停止持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的公告〉,3月26日,https://news.sina.cn/2020-03-26/detail-iimxxsth1974741.d.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
中國財新網,2020,〈全國30省份啟動重大突發公共衛生事件一級響應〉,1月25日,https://china.caixin.com/m/2020-01-25/101508214.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
中國國家移民管理局,2020,〈中華人民共和國出入境管理局暫停辦理疫情防控期間內地居民前往香港地區商務簽注〉,2月7日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1236794/content.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
香港政府新聞網,2020,〈兩人確診染病 政府加強防疫〉,1月23日,https://www.news.gov.hk/chi/2020/01/20200123/20200123_203125_697.html,查閱時間:2023/6/6。
京報網,2020,〈去武漢的旅客!多平台提供改簽退票服務〉,1月21日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200502022420/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202001/21/WS5e2694e6e4b0e6e58393ae2f.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
京報網,2020,〈解封在即,李蘭娟首次披露武漢封城細節〉,3月27日,https://web.archive.org/web/20200506093034/http:/www.bjd.com.cn/a/202003/27/WS5e7dea1be4b03cc9592dadfb.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
BBC中文,2020,〈武漢肺炎:「封城」防疫是怎麼操作的?到底有沒有用?〉,1月24日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-51232433,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中央疾病預防控制局,2020,〈中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公告〉,1月20日,http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s7916/202001/44a3b8245e8049d2837a4f27529cd386.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中央人民政府,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示〉,1月20日,https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/20/content_5471057.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
新浪新聞,2020,〈林鄭致函國務院:盼內地協助供應口罩〉,1月26日,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-01-26/doc-iihnzahk6389781.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國駐納米比亞大使館,2020,〈關於暫停持有效中國簽證、居留許可的外國人入境的通知〉,3月27日,http://na.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202003/t20200327_6792845.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國民用航空局,2020,〈關於疫情防控期間繼續調減國際客運航班量的通知〉,3月26日,http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/TZTG/202003/t20200326_201746.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國民用航空局,2020,〈民航局關於調整國際客運航班的通知〉,6月4日,http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/TZTG/202006/t20200604_202928.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
中國國家移民管理局,2020,〈關於恢復辦理內地居民赴澳門旅遊簽注的公告〉,8月11日,https://www.nia.gov.cn/n741440/n741542/c1330174/content.html,查閱時間:2023/6/7。
新浪新聞,2020,〈香港疫情抬頭,一周內逾萬港人北上“避疫”,深圳珠海連夜收緊入境限制〉,7月17日,https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-07-17/doc-iivhvpwx5975984.shtml,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈習近平:在中央政治局常委會會議研究應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情工作時的講話〉,2月15日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-02/15/c_1125578886.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈習近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示 強調要把人民群眾生命安全和身體健康放在第一位 堅決遏制疫情蔓延勢頭 李克強作出批示〉,1月20日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-01/20/c_1125486561.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
國務院新聞辦公室,2020,〈國家衛生健康委員會:當前疫情仍可防可控〉,1月20日,http://www.scio.gov.cn/xwfbh/xwbfbh/wqfbh/42311/42470/xgbd42477/Document/1672390/1672390.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/10。
新華網,2020,〈入境人員集中觀察14天兩次核酸檢測〉,9月3日,http://www.xinhuanet.com/health/2020-09/03/c_1126446732.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
金華市人民政府外事辦公室,2021,〈境外回國隔離政策更新,最長35天!〉,5月31日,http://swb.jinhua.gov.cn/art/2021/5/31/art_1229319172_3847352.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
網易財經,2020,〈中國於7月22日啟動新冠疫苗緊急使用 接種人數超2萬〉,8月23日,https://www.163.com/money/article/FKMTJ4VU00259DLP.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。
浙江省人民政府,2021,〈浙江超139萬人完成新冠疫苗接種!異常反應有哪些?兩種疫苗安全性如何?剛剛權威回應〉,3月15日,https://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2021/3/15/art_1554467_59086434.html,查閱時間:2023/6/12。


二、英文部分

専書
John P. Burns. 2021. Coronavirus Politics: The Comparative Politics and Policy of COVID-19. Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press.
Lieberthal, K.G. 1992. Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. California, US: University of California Press.
Linda Chelan Li. 1998. Centre and Province: China 1978-1993, Power as Non-Zero-Sum. New York: Oxford University Press.
Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. & Alexander L. 1995. In-depth Interviewing, Second Edition. South Melbourne: Longman.
Williams, M. 1997. Social Research Issues, Methods and Process. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Wong, Yiu-chung. 2008. One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong`s Transformation since the Handover. Lanham, UK: Lexington Books.

専書中論文
Albert H.Y. Chen. 2009. “Social Movements and the Law in Post-Colonial Hong Kong.” In Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce and Gilles Guiheux, eds., Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space, pp. 65-90. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Catherine Yuk-ping LO. 2022. “The Coronavirus as the ‘Final Straw’ of the CCP’s Performative Legitimacy?: A New Economic Model in the Post-COVID-19 Era.” In Anoma P. van der Veere., Florian Schneider and Catherine Yuk-ping Lo, eds., Public Health in Asia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Health Governance, Migrant Labour, and International Health Crises, pp. 217-230. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Chris Chan., Anna Tsui. 2022. “Hong Kong: From Democratic Protests to Medical Workers’ Strikes in a Pandemic.” In Breno Bringel and Geoffrey Pleyers, eds., Social Movements and Politics during COVID-19: Crisis, Solidarity and Change in a Global Pandemic, pp. 202-208. Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press.
Kenneth, Ka-Lok Chan. 2023. “OPEN SOCIETY CONTESTED: LIBERAL UNIVERSALISM VERSUS AUTOCRATIC FUNCTIONALISM IN HONG KONG.” In Christof Royer and Liviu Matei, eds., Open Society Unresolved: The Contemporary Relevance of a Contested Idea, pp. 132-147. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press.
Lee, Ching Kwan. 2019. “The Social Question as the Struggle over Precarity: The Case of China.” In Jan Breman., Kevan Harris., Lee, Ching Kwan and Marcel van der Linden, eds., The Social Question in the Twenty-First Century: A Global View, pp 58-76. California, US: University of California Press.
Mahoney, J. L., Villegas, C. M. 2009. “Historical enquiry and comparative politics.” eds., The Oxford handbook of comparative politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ngok Ma. 2009. “Social Movements and State-Society Relationship in Hong Kong.” In Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce and Gilles Guiheux, eds., Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space, pp. 45-64. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Victor C. Shih. 2021. “CHINA’S LENINIST RESPONSE TO COVID-19: From Information Repression to Total Mobilization.” In Scott L. Greer., Elizabeth J. King., Elize Massard da Fonseca and André Peralta-Santos, eds., Coronavirus Politics: The Comparative Politics and Policy of COVID-19, pp. 67-85. Michigan, US: University of Michigan Press.

期刊論文
Ahlers, A. L. 2018. “Introduction: Chinese governance in the era of ‘top-level design’.” Journal of Chinese Governance 3(3): 263-7.
Beckman, S., Tavormina, J. 1978. “Power Relationships in Families: A Social-Exchange Perspective.” Family Process 17: 423-436.
Benjamin Lotz. 2012. “Article 23 of the Hong Kong Basic Law: Whither Media Freedom?.” Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 45(1): 56-71.
Brian, C. H. Fong. 2017. “One Country, Two Nationalisms: Center-Periphery Relations between Mainland China and Hong Kong, 1997–2016.” Modern China 43(5): 523-556.
Cabestan, Jean-Pierre., Éric Florence. “Twenty Years After the Handover: Hong Kong`s Political and Social Transformation and Its Future under China`s Rule.” China Perspectives 3(114): 3-8.
Chan, Chi Kit. 2014. “China as "Other": Resistance to and ambivalence toward national identity in Hong Kong.” China Perspectives 1(97): 25-34.
Chen, Albert H.Y. “The Hong Kong Basic Law and the Limits of Democratization Under “One Country Two Systems” The International Lawyer 50(1): 69-86.
Cheung, Peter T. Y. 2015. “Toward collaborative governance between Hong Kong and Mainland China.” Urban Studies 52(10): 1915-1933.
Cheung, Peter T. Y. 2011. “Who`s Influencing Whom? Exploring the Influence of Hong Kong on Politics and Governance in China.” Asian Survey 51(4): 713-738.
Chiang, Min-Hua. 2016. “Sustaining Hong Kong`s Services amid the Changing Dynamics of China`s Economy.” China Perspectives 2(106): 37-45.
Chung, Jae Ho. 1995. “Studies of central–provincial relations in the People`s Republic of China: a mid-term appraisal.” The China Quarterly 142: 487-508.
Chung, Hiu-Fung. 2020. “Changing Repertoires of Contention in Hong Kong: A Case Study on the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement.” China Perspectives 3(122): 57-64.
Ding, Chun-yan., Lin, Fen. 2021. “Information Authoritarianism vs. Information Anarchy: A Comparison of Information Ecosystems in Mainland China and Hong Kong during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The China Review 21(1): 91-106.
Dittmer, Lowell. 1995. “Chinese informal politics.” The China Journal 34: 1-34.
Flaskas, C., Humphreys, C. 1993. “Theorizing about Power: Intersecting the Ideas of Foucault with the ‘Problem’ of Power in Family Therapy.” Family Process 32: 35-47.
Gonzalo, Villalta Puig., Chan, Vinci. 2016. “Free Trade as a Force of Political Stability? The Case of Mainland China and Hong Kong.” The International Lawyer 49(3): 299-324.
Gordon, G. Chang. “THE HONG KONG MOMENT: Trouble on China`s Periphery.” World Affairs 177(5): 9-15.
Han, Zhu. 2019. “Beijing`s "Rule of Law" Strategy for Governing Hong Kong: Legalisation without Democratisation.” China Perspectives 1(116): 23-34.
Israeli, R. 2010. “China`s Uyghur problem.” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 4(1): 89-101.
Jonathan Lam. 2017. “Rethinking the NPCSC`s Power to Interpret the Basic Law.” Hong Kong Law Journal 47: 825-845.
Li, Yu-wai Vic. 2020. “The Irreplaceable Outpost? Whither Hong Kong in China’s Financial Future.” The China Review 20(3): 261-278.
Lo, Shiu-Hing Sonny. 2018. “Ideologies and Factionalism in Beijing–Hong Kong Relations.” Asian Survey 58(3): 392-415.
Manantan, Mark Bryan. 2021. “Unleash the Dragon: China’s Strategic Narrative during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Cyber Defense Review 6(2): 71-90.
Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. & Alexander L. (1995) In-depth Interviewing, Second Edition. South Melbourne: Longman.
Nicole Newendorp. 2011. “Contesting "Law and Order": Immigrants` Encounters with "Rule of Law" in Postcolonial Hong Kong.” Political and Legal Anthropology Review 34(1): 95-111.
Sautman, Barry. 2005. “China`s strategic vulnerability to minority separatism in Tibet.” Asian Affairs: An American Review 32(2): 87-118.
Shirk, Susan. 1990. “’Playing to the Provinces:’ Deng Xiaoping`s political strategy of economic reform.” Studies in Comparative Communism 23(3/4): 227-58.
Sheng, Yumin. 2005. “Central-Provincial Relations at the CCP Central Committees: Institutions, Measurement and Empirical Trends, 1978-2002.” The China Quarterly 187:343~351.
Su, Zhen-hua., Su, Shan. Zhou, Qian. 2021. “Government Trust in a Time of Crisis: Survey Evidence at the Beginning of the Pandemic in China.” The China Review 21(2): 87-116.
Surya Deva. 2020. “Threats to Hong Kong`s Autonomy from the NPC`s Standing Committee: The Role of Courts and the Basic Structure Doctrin.” Hong Kong Law Journal 50:901-930.
Suzanne Pepper. 2000. “Elections, Political Change and Basic Law Government: The Hong Kong System in Search of a Political Form.” The China Quarterly 162: 410-438.
Wu, Fengshi. 2021. “State and Society in Extreme Times: China’s Early Response to COVID-19 Outbreak.” The China Review 21(1): 1-6.
Yao, Wen. 2021. “Branding and Legitimation: China’s Party Diplomacy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The China Review 21(1): 55-90.
Yuen, Samson. 2015. “Hong Kong After the Umbrella Movement: Art uncertain future for "One Country Two Systems".” China Perspectives 1(101): 49-53.
Zhang, Bao-hui. 2009. “Political Paralysis of the Basic Law Regime and the Politics of Institutional Reform in Hong Kong.” Asian Survey 49(2): 312-332.
Zheng, Yongnian., Tok, Sow Keat. 2007. “Beijing Responds to Hong Kong`s Democratization Movement: From Bureaucratic Control to Political Leadership.” Asian Affairs 33(4): 235-255.
Zhou, Fei-zhou. 2009. “Jinbiaosai Tizhi (The Tournament System).” Sociological Research 3:54-77.

政策報告
Atlantic Council. 2020. [2019 Hong Kong Protests: Online and on the Ground]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2020. [One China, Two Systems, and Different Visions for the Future]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2020. [China’s Shift Toward Discourse Power]. December 1.
Atlantic Council. 2021. [HONG KONG’S FUTURE ON EDGE: Countering China’s National Security Law]. January 1.
Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 2019. [ASSESSING POLICY APPROACHES FROM BEIJING]. December 1.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2019. [Hong Kong and Taiwan: Two Davids Facing a Chinese Goliath]. January 1.
Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2020. [Ideological Security as National Security]. December 1.
Institute for National Security Studies. 2020. [The National People’s Congress 2020: The Hong Kong National Security Law and China’s Enhanced Presence]. June 3.
The Asan Institute for Policy Studies. 2021. [Political and Diplomatic Implications of China`s Two Sessions 2021]. April 9.
The Economist. 2017. [At the Sharp End: China and the West]. December 16.

網路資料
David Lague, James Pomfret, and Greg Torode. 2019. “Special Report: How murder, kidnappings and miscalculation set off Hong Kong`s revolt.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-extradition-narrati/special-report-how-murder-kidnappings-and-miscalculation-set-off-hong-kongs-revolt-idUSKBN1YO18Q (December 20, 2019)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “HKSAR Government imposes immigration restrictions on Hubei Province residents and persons visited Hubei Province in past 14 days.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/26/P2020012600751.htm?fontSize=1 (January 26,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government enhances disease prevention and control measures with reference to WHO`s advice” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202001/31/P2020013100826.htm?fontSize=1 (January 31,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Exemption arrangement under Compulsory Quarantine of Certain Persons Arriving at Hong Kong Regulation” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202002/07/P2020020700667.htm?fontSize=1 (February 7,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Exemption arrangement under Compulsory Quarantine of Certain Persons Arriving at Hong Kong Regulation (Cap. 599C)” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202002/14/P2020021400729.htm?fontSize=1 (February 14,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Transcript of remarks by CE at media session before ExCo meeting (with video)” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202009/22/P2020092200426.htm?fontSize=1 (September 22,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government gazetted latest amendments to Prevention and Control of Disease (Compulsory Testing for Certain Persons) Regulation.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202012/08/P2020120800808.htm?fontSize=1 (December 8,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government makes Prevention and Control of Disease (Use of Vaccines) Regulation.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202012/24/P2020122300963.htm?fontSize=1 (December 24,2020)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government adjusts boarding, quarantine and testing arrangements for inbound travelers and extends arrangement of place-specific flight suspension mechanism.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202201/27/P2022012700853.htm?fontSize=1 (January 27,2022)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Government announces implementation arrangements for Vaccine Pass.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202202/21/P2022022100781.htm?fontSize=1 (February 21,2022)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Third dose COVID-19 vaccination arrangements for persons under certain groups.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202111/03/P2021110300536.htm?fontSize=1 (November 3,2021)
The Government of Hong Kong SAR Press Releases. 2020. “Paediatric formulation of Comirnaty vaccine arrives in Hong Kong.” https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202210/28/P2022102800543.htm?fontSize=1 (October 28,2022)
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