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題名 國際民航組織與全球治理：以民航機遭擊落事件為例
ICAO and Global Governance: Case Studies on the Downing of International Civil Aircrafts
作者 曾勝美
TSENG, SHENG-MEI
貢獻者 盧業中
LU, YEH-CHUNG
曾勝美
TSENG, SHENG-MEI
關鍵詞 國際民用航空組織
全球治理
國際民航
航空安全
芝加哥公約
國際公法
衝突區
擊落民航機
大韓航空007號班機
伊朗航空655號班機
馬來西亞航空17號班機
ICAO
Global Governance
international civil aviation
aviation safety
Chicago Convention
public international law
Conflict Zone
downing of civil aircrafts
Korean Air Lines 007
Iran Air 655
Malaysia Airlines 17
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:30:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 國際民用航空組織（ICAO），作為聯合國專責技術機構，負責監管全球飛航安全及航空保安，由於內部立法限制以及成員國和各種非國家行為主體的外部影響等因素，嚴重阻礙了ICAO有效行使全球航空安全治理的能力。然，在國際關係領域中相較其他國際組織，對於ICAO「全球治理」模式的學術研究以及對於民航客機遭軍事武器擊落的失事案管轄缺乏探討。因此，本論文運用「分析層次」研究途徑和文獻研究方法，分析ICAO、相關區域組織、國家行為主體和非國家行為主體在處理三個具有歷史意義的民航機擊落案例（大韓航空007號班機、伊朗航空655號班機和馬來西亞航空17號班機），深入探討ICAO作為安全領域中的全球治理行為主體，而非僅是聯合國體系下的技術機構，在現今多層次治理與國家權力讓渡的複雜國際政治情勢下，其組織、立法演變和應對民航機遭擊落失事意外的全球治理動態發展，並發掘ICAO所面臨的現實困境與挑戰。
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the specialized technical agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating global aviation safety and security, faces significant limitations due to both internal legislative constraints and external influences from its Member States and various non-state actors. These factors have considerably impeded ICAO`s capacity to exercise effective global aviation safety governance. However, research on its governance patterns in the field of international relations is scant. Moreover, there`s a lack of exploration into the jurisdictional implications of aircraft shootdown accidents and their impact on international relations. Hence, this thesis employs the "levels of analysis" research approach and literature review methods to analyze the dynamics of global governance and interaction patterns among ICAO, relevant regional organizations, state actors, and non-state actors in handling three historically significant cases of civilian aircraft shootdown incidents: Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Iran Air Flight 655, and Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. It delves into ICAO`s role as a global governance actor in the safety domain, beyond being merely a technical agency under the UN system. In the complex international political landscape of multi-level governance and the delegation of national powers, this research explores the organizational and evolution of ICAO and its response to global governance dynamics in addressing incidents of civilian aircraft shootdown accidents. It also uncovers the real-world challenges and dilemmas faced by ICAO.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
105922020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105922020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 盧業中zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor LU, YEH-CHUNGen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曾勝美zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) TSENG, SHENG-MEIen_US
dc.creator (作者) 曾勝美zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) TSENG, SHENG-MEIen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:30:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:30:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:30:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105922020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147307-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 105922020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 國際民用航空組織（ICAO），作為聯合國專責技術機構，負責監管全球飛航安全及航空保安，由於內部立法限制以及成員國和各種非國家行為主體的外部影響等因素，嚴重阻礙了ICAO有效行使全球航空安全治理的能力。然，在國際關係領域中相較其他國際組織，對於ICAO「全球治理」模式的學術研究以及對於民航客機遭軍事武器擊落的失事案管轄缺乏探討。因此，本論文運用「分析層次」研究途徑和文獻研究方法，分析ICAO、相關區域組織、國家行為主體和非國家行為主體在處理三個具有歷史意義的民航機擊落案例（大韓航空007號班機、伊朗航空655號班機和馬來西亞航空17號班機），深入探討ICAO作為安全領域中的全球治理行為主體，而非僅是聯合國體系下的技術機構，在現今多層次治理與國家權力讓渡的複雜國際政治情勢下，其組織、立法演變和應對民航機遭擊落失事意外的全球治理動態發展，並發掘ICAO所面臨的現實困境與挑戰。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the specialized technical agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating global aviation safety and security, faces significant limitations due to both internal legislative constraints and external influences from its Member States and various non-state actors. These factors have considerably impeded ICAO`s capacity to exercise effective global aviation safety governance. However, research on its governance patterns in the field of international relations is scant. Moreover, there`s a lack of exploration into the jurisdictional implications of aircraft shootdown accidents and their impact on international relations. Hence, this thesis employs the "levels of analysis" research approach and literature review methods to analyze the dynamics of global governance and interaction patterns among ICAO, relevant regional organizations, state actors, and non-state actors in handling three historically significant cases of civilian aircraft shootdown incidents: Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Iran Air Flight 655, and Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. It delves into ICAO`s role as a global governance actor in the safety domain, beyond being merely a technical agency under the UN system. In the complex international political landscape of multi-level governance and the delegation of national powers, this research explores the organizational and evolution of ICAO and its response to global governance dynamics in addressing incidents of civilian aircraft shootdown accidents. It also uncovers the real-world challenges and dilemmas faced by ICAO.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目次
第一章 緒論 1
　第一節 研究背景、動機、目的與問題 1
　第二節 文獻回顧與探討 4
　第三節 研究途徑與研究方法 13
　第四節 研究架構與研究限制 15
第二章 ICAO與全球治理 19
　第一節 ICAO之成立 20
　第二節 從失事調查看ICAO全球治理 25
第三章 大韓航空KAL007號班機遭擊落案 29
　第一節 歷史回顧與事故發生始末 29
　第二節 分析霸權國家主導的全球治理 35
　第三節 論ICAO的全球飛安治理 42
　第四節 小結 46
第四章 伊朗航空IRA655號班機遭擊落案 47
　第一節 歷史回顧與事故發生始末 47
　第二節 分析國際公法發展的全球治理 52
　第三節 論ICAO的全球飛安治理 57
　第四節 小結 61
第五章 馬來西亞航空MAS17號班機遭擊落案 63
　第一節 歷史回顧與事故發生始末 63
　第二節 分析非國家行為者改變的全球治理 67
　第三節 論ICAO的全球飛安治理 70
　第四節 小結 73
第六章 結論 75
參考文獻 85		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1491448 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105922020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際民用航空組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球治理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際民航zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 航空安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 芝加哥公約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際公法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 衝突區zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 擊落民航機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大韓航空007號班機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊朗航空655號班機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 馬來西亞航空17號班機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ICAOen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global Governanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international civil aviationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) aviation safetyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chicago Conventionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public international lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Conflict Zoneen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) downing of civil aircraftsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Korean Air Lines 007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Iran Air 655en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Malaysia Airlines 17en_US
dc.title (題名) 國際民航組織與全球治理：以民航機遭擊落事件為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) ICAO and Global Governance: Case Studies on the Downing of International Civil Aircraftsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分
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張有恆。《飛航安全管理》。二版。臺北市：華泰文化，2016年2月。
張亞中、張登及主編。《國際關係總論》。五版。新北市：揚智文化，2020年。
張貴洪。《國際組織與國際關係》。杭州：浙江大學出版社，2004年。超星數字圖書館（Chinamaxx）[電子書]。
黃居正。《國際航空法的理論與實踐》。臺北：新學林出版社，2006年。
楊雪冬、王浩主編。《全球治理》。北京：中央編譯出版社，2015年。
董霖。《國際公法與國際組織：自起源至一九九一年》。初版。臺北市：臺灣商務，民82年（1993年）。
專書篇章
李大中。〈國際衝突、傳統安全與非傳統安全〉。張亞中、張登及主編，《國際關係總論》，第五版，223-254。新北市：揚智文化，2020年。
明居正。〈全球治理：趨勢與侷限〉。吳英明、林德昌主編，《非政府組織》，47-66。臺北市：商鼎文化，2001年。
周志杰。〈國際組織與國際公法〉。張亞中、張登及主編，《國際關係總論》，第五版，281-322。新北市：揚智文化，2020年。
謝來輝譯。〈《天涯成比鄰—全球治理委員會的報告》節選〉。楊雪冬、王浩主編，《全球治理》，141-174。北京：中央編譯出版社，2015年。
期刊論文
宋學文。〈非政府組織（NGOs）在全球治理中之機會與限制：一個政治學的觀點〉。《中國行政評論》。13卷1期（2003年12月）。127-158。
DOI: 10.6635/cpar.2003.13(1).05.
李開盛、薛力。〈非傳統安全理論：概念、流派與特徵〉。《國際政治研究》。第2期（2012年）。93-107。
袁鶴齡。〈全球治理與國際合作：論其策略與困境〉。《全球政治評論》。第4期（2003年10月）。25-45。DOI: 10.29899/JRM.200310.0002
高國柱。〈馬航MH17事件引發的國際法思考〉。《北京航空航天大學學報》。第28卷第1期（2015年）。63-69。http://html.rhhz.net/BJHKHTDXXBSKB/20150109.htm
張亞中。〈全球治理：主體與權力的解析〉。《問題與研究》。第40卷第4期（2001年7月）。1-23。DOI: 10.30390/ISC.200107_40(4).0001
黃居正。〈國際民航組織的立法功能〉。《臺灣國際法季刊》。第2卷第1期（民國94年3月）。32-35。
楊萬柳。〈國際航空排放全球治理的國際視域—以國際民航組織為中心〉。《北京理工大學學報》。第17卷第4期（2015年）。123-128。
DOI: 10.15918/j.jbitss1009-3370.2015.0418
趙勁松。〈國際民航組織與國際航空立法的發展〉。《重慶科技學院院報》。第3期。2008年10月。59-60。
劉坤億。〈全球治理的理想與現實〉。《中國行政評論》。第13卷第1期（2003年12月）。29-56。http://dx.doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2003.13(1).02
蕭力愷。〈全球化與全球治理〉。《競爭力評論》。第7期（2005年7月）。24-34。
薛磊。〈馬航空難與民用航空安全治理〉。《國際展望》。第1期（2015年）。139-151。擷自「上海國際問題研究院」網站：http://www.siis.org.cn/Research/Info/5180
鍾京佑。〈全球治理與國際建制：行為主體與行為模式〉。《國際關係學報》。第21期（2006年）。113-139。
博碩士學位論文
王君毅。〈國際民航組織之研究〉。國立政治大學外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班。碩士論文。民國100年。
李于彤。〈全球治理模式下美國反恐政策的發展—以歐巴馬政府時期為例〉。國立政治大學外交學系研究所。碩士論文。民國108年7月。
官方文件
國際民用航空組織（ICAO）。〈衝突區〉。AN-Conf/13-WP/45工作文件（中文）。第十三次空中航行會議。加拿大蒙特利爾：2018年10月9日至19日。https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf13/Documents/WP/wp_045_zh.pdf
國際民用航空組織。《衝突區上空或附近民用航空器運行風險評估手册》（第10084號文件）。第2版。手冊。加拿大蒙特利爾：2018年。
聯合國。〈秘書長關於聯合國工作的報告〉。大會正式記錄：第三十九屆會議，補編第1號(A/39/1)。中文版下載自：https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/104095?ln=en。
網際網路
中央通訊社。〈IATA：擊落馬航違反國際法〉。2014年7月22日。檢自：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201407220158.aspx。
中央通訊社。〈近年被軍事武器擊落的民航機〉。《中時電子報》，2014年7月18日。檢自：https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140718005115-260408。
中國新聞網。〈俄羅斯反對 安理會否決設立馬航MH17國際法庭〉。2015年7月29日。檢自：http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2015/07-30/7436242.shtml。

影音資料
國家地理頻道。〈Deadly Airspace〉。《空中浩劫》（Air Crash Investigation）。紀錄片。第18季第4集。加拿大：Cineflix製作，2018。
國家地理頻道。〈Mistaken Identity〉。《空中浩劫》（Air Crash Investigation）。紀錄片。第3季第6集。加拿大：Cineflix製作，2005年。
國家地理頻道。〈Target is Destroyed〉。《空中浩劫》（Air Crash Investigation）。紀錄片。第9季第5集。加拿大：Cineflix製作，2010年。
Discovery（探索頻道）。〈歷史謎團：韓航007號航班〉（Unsolved History-Flight KAL-007）。紀錄片。第2季第18集。
Netflix（網飛）。《MH370：消失的馬航客機》(MH370: The Plane That Disappeared)。紀錄片。2023年3月8日開播。Louise Malkinson執導。英國：Raw TV製作。 https://www.netflix.com/tw/title/81307163。
 
英文部分
書籍
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. Aeropolitics. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. Aviation and International Cooperation. Switzerland: Springer International, 2015.
[eBook] https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-17022-0.
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. Convention on International Civil Aviation: A Commentary. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2014.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00068-8.
Alvarez, José E.. International Organizations as Law-Makers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Buergenthal, Thomas. Law-Making in the International Civil Aviation Organization. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1969.
Buzan, Barry. People, States, and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-cold War Era. Boulder, Colorado: L. Rienner, 1991.
Claude, Inis L., Jr.. Swords into Plowshares: The Problems and Progress of International Organization. 1st ed., New York: Random House, 1956. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. New York: Random House, 1959. 3rd ed., New York: Random, 1964. 4th ed., with new Preface. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.
Coldrick, A. Percy, and Philip Jones. The International Directory of the Trade Union Movement: A Comprehensive Guide to Trade Union Conditions and Industrial Relations in Each Country. New York: Macmillan, 1979.
Commission on Global Governance. Our Global Neighborhood: Report of the Commission on Global Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Dallin, Alexander. Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers. University of California Press, 1985.
Groenewege, Adrianus D.. The Compendium of International Civil Aviation. 2nd ed. International Air Transport Association (IATA), 1999.
Harrison, John. International Aviation and Terrorism: Evolving Threats, Evolving Security. Oxon: Routledge, 2009.
Hersh, Seymour M.. The Target Is Destroyed: What Really Happened To Flight 007 And What America Really Knew About It. Random House, 1985.
Irike, Akira. Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.
Jordan, Robert S., and Clive Archer, Gregory P. Granger, Kerry Ordes. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach to the Management of Cooperation. 4th ed. London: Praeger, 2001.
Karns, Margret P., Karen A. Mingst, and Kendall W. Stiles. International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. 3rd ed. Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2015.
Kihl, Young W.. Conflict Issues and International Civil Aviation Decisions: Three Cases. Denver, Colorado: University of Denver, 1971.
van der Pijl, Kees. Flight MH17, Ukraine and the New Cold War: Prism of Disaster. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018.
Reisman, W. Michael, and Andrew R.Willard, ed. International Incidents: The Law That Counts in World Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Romera, Beatriz Martinez. Regime Interaction and Climate Change: The Case of International Aviation and Maritime Transport. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2017.
Rosenau, James N. and Ernst-Otto Czempiel, ed. Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1992.
Sakwa, Richard. Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands. London: Bloomsbury, 2014.
Schenkman, Jacob. International Civil Aviation Organization. Docteur ès Science politiques, Etudes d`histoire économique, politique et sociale xiv. Genève: Libraire E. Droz, 1955.
Weber, Ludwig. International Civil Aviation Organization: An Introduction. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2007.
Zhang, Luping. The Resolution of Inter-State Disputes in Civil Aviation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 6 Jan 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849274.001.0001.
專書篇章
Bloomfield, Lincoln. “Research in the International Organization Field: Some Notes on the Need for a 45-Degree Turn.” Paper read at the conference on Research on International Organization, University of California, Berkeley, January 6-8, 1967. In Young W. Kihl, Conflict Issues and International Civil Aviation Decisions: Three Cases. Colorado: University of Denver, 1971.
期刊論文
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “Civil Air Transport over Conflict Zones-ICAO’s Role in Risk Management.” Zeitschrift fur Luft- und Weltraumrecht - German Journal of Air and Space Law 64, no. 1 (2015): 18-29.
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “The Role of Civil Aviation in Securing Peace.” International Journal on World Peace 19, no. 2 (Jun 2002): 53-81. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20753355
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “The Role of Diplomacy in Dispute Settlement in Civil Aviation.” International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies 5, no. 1 (2005): 195-211.
Bennett, A. LeRoy. “Reviewed Swords into Plowshares: The Problems and Progress of International Organization by Inis L. Claude.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 1, no. 3/4 (Nov 1957): 365-366.
de Hoon, M.. “Navigating the Legal Horizon: Lawyering the MH17 Disaster.” Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 33, no. 84 (12 Apr 2017): 90-119.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/ujiel.368.
Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, Mette. “Ordering global governance complexes: The evolution of the governance complex for international civil aviation.” The Review of International Organizations 17 (27 Feb 2022): 293-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-020-09411-z.
Gibney, Mark. “The Downing of MH17: Russian Responsibility.” Human Rights Law Review 15, no. 1 (Mar 2015): 169-178.
Hassan, Farooq. “A Legal Analysis of the Shooting of Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the Soviet Union,” Journal of Air Law & Commerce 49 (1984): 555-588. https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol49/iss3/3.
Hughes, William J.. “Aerial Intrusions by Civil Airliners and the Use of Force.” Journal of Air Law & Commerce 45, no. 3 (1980): 595-620. https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol45/iss3/3.
Jönsson, Christer. “Sphere of Flying: The Politics of International Aviation.” International Organization 35, no. 2 (Spring 1981): 273-302. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2706476.
Kellman, Barry. “MH17 and the Missile Threat to Aviation.” American Society of International Law (ASIL) Insight 18, no. 19 (08 Sep 2014). https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/18/issue/19/MH17-and-missile-threat-aviation.
Kinsley-Jones, Max. “MH17 ‘Must Alter Intelligence Sharing’,” Airline Business 30, no. 9 (Nov 2014): 18-19.
“Legal Argumentation in International Crises: The Downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007.” Harvard Law Review 97, no. 5 (1984): 1198-1213. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1340829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1340829.
Linnan, David K.. “Iran Air Flight 655 and Beyond: Free Passage, Mistaken Self-Defense, and State Responsibility.” The Yale Journal of International Law. 16, no. 2 (Summer 1991): 245-389. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/72837409.pdf.
Lowenfeld, Andreas F.. “Looking Back and Looking Ahead.” American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (24 April 1989): 336-341. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2202745. DOI: http://doi.org/10.2307/2202745.
Morgan, Craig A.. “The Downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007.” Yale Journal of International Law 11, no. 231 (1985): 231-257.
Singer, John David. “The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations,” World Politics 14, no. 1 (1961): 77-92.
博碩士學位論文
Brisson, Julie. “Civil Aviation Safety in Russia: The State of Compliance.” Master thesis. Canada: McGill University. 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104674&silo_library=GEN01.
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Engvers, Alexander. “The Principle of Sovereignty in the Air: To What Extend Can It Be Upheld against Aerial Intruders?” Master thesis. Sweden: University of Lund. 2001.
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Gharabagh, Mansour Jabbari. “Use of Weapons Against Civil Aircraft: Case Study of IR655 in the Light of International Law.” Master’s thesis. Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University: Montreal, Canada. 1992. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/h989r388r?locale=en.
官方文件
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ICAO. “Airbus A300B2, EP-IBU, accident in the vicinity of Qeshm Island, Islamic Republic of Iran on 3 July 1988. Report released by ICAO.” Accessed from: https://reports.aviation-safety.net/1988/19880703-0_A30B_EP-IBU.pdf.
ICAO. Annex 1-18 (Convention on International Civil Aviation). Booklet info. https://www.icao.int/Documents/annexes_booklet.pdf.
ICAO. Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. 12th ed. May 2020.
ICAO. “Clarification on Airspace Safety Management.” News Releases. 13 Jan 2020. https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/Clarification-on-Airspace-Safety-Management.aspx.
ICAO. “Collaborative Arrangement for the Prevention and Management of Public Health Events in Civil Aviation - CAPSCA.” Accessed 02 May 2023. https://www.icao.int/safety/CAPSCA/Pages/About-CAPSCA.aspx.
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ICAO. “In Focus: ICAO`S Strategic Objectives.” https://www.icao.int/Pages/default.aspx.
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ICAO. “ICAO Goes Live with New Online Conflict Zone Information Repository.” News Release. 10 Apr 2015. https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/Pages/ICAO-Goes-Live-With-New-Online-Conflict-Zone-Information-Repository.aspx https://www.icao.int/Newsroom/NewsDoc2015/COM.11.15.CH.pdf.
ICAO. ICAO Policy on Assistance to Aircraft Accident Victims and their Families (Doc 9888, AN/499). https://www.icao.int/meetings/a38/documents/doc9998_en.pdf.
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