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題名 面對美國金融監理處分之應對策略－以H銀行美國分行為例
Response strategies of FBO to U.S. regulatory enforcement actions – A case study of a H bank U.S. branch/agency作者 黃仁律
Huang, Ren-Lyu貢獻者 臧正運<br>許素蓉
Tsang, Cheng-Yun<br>Hsu, Su-Jung
黃仁律
Huang, Ren-Lyu關鍵詞 銀行保密/洗錢防制法
執法行動
停止違規行為令
BSA/AML
Enforcement Action
Cease and Desist Order日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Dec-2023 10:45:30 (UTC+8) 摘要 近年美國金融監管機構對外國銀行的監管力度逐漸加強，對銀行秘密/洗錢防制法(BSA/AML)、國外資產控制與制裁(OFAC Sanctions)等違規行為採取較為嚴厲地處罰。對於外國銀行來說，一旦受到美國金融監管機構的處分，不僅會對其業務產生影響，還可能導致聲譽損失、面臨法律訴訟等問題。因此，外國銀行需要制定應對策略，適當因應美國金融監管機構之監理處分。 本研究將採單一個案研究法，針對短期內即獲美國聯邦準備理事會(FRB)解除監理處分此一具啟示性(revelatory)之特殊個案，發掘其獨特的原因。資料蒐集來源除透過參與式觀察，文件證據的蒐集，亦將針對個案銀行在美國監理機關處分期間擔任缺失改善計畫相關職務之中高階管理人員，進行半結構式訪談(semi-structured interviews)及互動。 本研究歸納出個案銀行因應監理處分之策略與措施包括：領導者關鍵影響力(The key influence of leaders)，建立相關專責督導機構(Establishment of dedicated supervisory committees)，定期與監理機關溝通(Regular communication with regulatory authorities)，投放所需之資源(Allocation of necessary resources)，實施適當之教育訓練(Implementation of appropriate training program)，善用具聲譽之第三方顧問與系統化工具(Effective utilization of reputable third-party consultants and systematic tools)，及提升員工向心力與士氣(Boosting employee engagement and morale awareness)。
Strengthened regulatory measures by U.S. financial regulatory authorities targeting foreign banks, particularly regarding Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering (BSA/AML) compliance and Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions violations, have become more severe in recent years. Once subjected to enforcement actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities, foreign banks face operational impacts, potential reputation damage, and legal challenges. Consequently, foreign banks need to devise strategies to appropriately respond to regulatory actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities. This study adopts a single-case research method to examine a unique and revelatory case where the regulatory action imposed by Federal Reserve Board (FRB) was lifted within a short period. Data collection involves participant observation, gathering documentary evidence, and conducting semi-structured interviews and interactions with senior management personnel responsible for deficiency remediation during the regulatory action period. The study identifies several strategies and measures employed by the case bank in response to regulatory enforcement actions, including the key influence of leaders, establishment of dedicated supervisory committees, regular communication with regulatory authorities, allocation of necessary resources, implementation of appropriate training program, effective utilization of reputable third-party consultants and systematic tools, and boosting employee engagement and morale awareness. Through this research, valuable insights can be gained into how foreign banks can appropriately respond to regulatory actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities, safeguarding their business interests and reputation.參考文獻 1.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” May 30, 2017. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20170530a.htm. 2.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” January 17, 2018. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20180117a.htm. 3.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” January 19, 2018. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20181119a.htm. 4.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” April 19, 2019. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20190409a.htm. 5.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Structure Data for U.S. Banking Offices of Foreign Entities,” April 11, 2023. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/iba/202212/default.htm. 6.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “SR 18-7: Updates to the Expanded Examination Cycle for Certain State Member Banks and U.S. Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banking Organizations,” January 28, 2019. https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/srletters/sr1807.htm. 7.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Foreign Banking Organization (FBO) Supervision and Regulation,” October 3, 2023. https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/topics/fbo_supervision.htm. 8.Congress.Gov. “H.R.10899 - International Banking Act,” September 17, 1978. https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-bill/10899/text?s=9&r=1.&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22International+Banking+Act+of+1978%5C%22%22%7D. 9.Congress.Gov. “H.R.2432 - Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act of 1991,” May 22, 1991. https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/2432/text?s=1&r=68. 10.Campbell, Donald T. “Degrees of Freedom and the Case Study.” Comparative Political Studies 8, no. 2 (1975): 178–193. 11.Discover U.S. Government Information. “International Banking Act of 1978,” August 15, 2019, 12 USC 3105(d)(2). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-275/pdf/COMPS-275.pdf. 12.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-211/subpart-B/section-211.21#p-211.21(x). 13.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(e). 14.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(b). 15.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(z). 16.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” August 15, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.24#p-211.24(c)(2). 17.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.24#p-211.24(c)(1)(ii). 18.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” July 26, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.23#p-211.23(a). 19.Gov.Info. “International Banking Act of 1978,” September 18, 2019. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-275/pdf/COMPS-275.pdf. 20.Gov.Info. “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to intercept and obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001,” October 26, 2001. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-107publ56. 21.Financial Crime Enforcement Network. “Foreign Banking Organization (FBO) Supervision and Regulation,” August 27, 2023. https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-and-regulations/bank-secrecy-act. 22.Financial Crime Enforcement Network. “About BSA E-Filing,” August 27, 2023. https://bsaefiling.fincen.treas.gov/main.html. 23.FinCEN Suspicious Activity Report (FinCEN SAR) Electronic Filing Instructions. 1.2. U.S.: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2012. https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FinCEN%20SAR%20ElectronicFilingInstructions-%20Stand%20Alone%20doc.pdf. 24.Green, Elliott. “What Are the Most-Cited Publications in the Social Sciences (According to Google Scholar)?” LSE Impact Blog, May 12, 2016. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/05/12/what-are-the-most-cited-publications-in-the-social-sciences-according-to-google-scholar/. 25.Nachmias, Chava, and David Nachmias. “Research Methods in the Social Sciences.” St. Martin’s Press 4 (1992): 77–78. 26.Supervision and Regulation Report. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2022. https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/202211-supervision-and-regulation-report.pdf. 27.Segal, John P. “A Summary of the International Banking Act of 1978.” Economic Review, 1979, 20. https://www.richmondfed.org/~/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_review/1979/pdf/er650103.pdf. 28.Srinivas, Val, Daniel Byler, Richa Wadhwani, and Alok Ranjan. Enforcement Actions in the Banking Industry Trends and Lessons Learned. U.S.: Deloitte Development LLC, 2015. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/bank-enforcement-actions-trends-in-banking-industry/DUP1372_EnforcementActionsBanking_120815.pdf. 29.The Fed Explained What the Central Bank Does. 7th ed. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17016/0199-9729.11. 30.Examination Manual for U.S. Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banking Organizations. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1997. https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/supervision_foreignbank.htm. 31.Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. 6th ed. CA: Thousand Oaks, 2018. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際金融碩士學位學程
111ZB1018資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZB1018 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 臧正運<br>許素蓉 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tsang, Cheng-Yun<br>Hsu, Su-Jung en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃仁律 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Ren-Lyu en_US dc.creator (作者) 黃仁律 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Huang, Ren-Lyu en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2023 10:45:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Dec-2023 10:45:30 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2023 10:45:30 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111ZB1018 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/148497 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際金融碩士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 111ZB1018 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年美國金融監管機構對外國銀行的監管力度逐漸加強，對銀行秘密/洗錢防制法(BSA/AML)、國外資產控制與制裁(OFAC Sanctions)等違規行為採取較為嚴厲地處罰。對於外國銀行來說，一旦受到美國金融監管機構的處分，不僅會對其業務產生影響，還可能導致聲譽損失、面臨法律訴訟等問題。因此，外國銀行需要制定應對策略，適當因應美國金融監管機構之監理處分。 本研究將採單一個案研究法，針對短期內即獲美國聯邦準備理事會(FRB)解除監理處分此一具啟示性(revelatory)之特殊個案，發掘其獨特的原因。資料蒐集來源除透過參與式觀察，文件證據的蒐集，亦將針對個案銀行在美國監理機關處分期間擔任缺失改善計畫相關職務之中高階管理人員，進行半結構式訪談(semi-structured interviews)及互動。 本研究歸納出個案銀行因應監理處分之策略與措施包括：領導者關鍵影響力(The key influence of leaders)，建立相關專責督導機構(Establishment of dedicated supervisory committees)，定期與監理機關溝通(Regular communication with regulatory authorities)，投放所需之資源(Allocation of necessary resources)，實施適當之教育訓練(Implementation of appropriate training program)，善用具聲譽之第三方顧問與系統化工具(Effective utilization of reputable third-party consultants and systematic tools)，及提升員工向心力與士氣(Boosting employee engagement and morale awareness)。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Strengthened regulatory measures by U.S. financial regulatory authorities targeting foreign banks, particularly regarding Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering (BSA/AML) compliance and Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions violations, have become more severe in recent years. Once subjected to enforcement actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities, foreign banks face operational impacts, potential reputation damage, and legal challenges. Consequently, foreign banks need to devise strategies to appropriately respond to regulatory actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities. This study adopts a single-case research method to examine a unique and revelatory case where the regulatory action imposed by Federal Reserve Board (FRB) was lifted within a short period. Data collection involves participant observation, gathering documentary evidence, and conducting semi-structured interviews and interactions with senior management personnel responsible for deficiency remediation during the regulatory action period. The study identifies several strategies and measures employed by the case bank in response to regulatory enforcement actions, including the key influence of leaders, establishment of dedicated supervisory committees, regular communication with regulatory authorities, allocation of necessary resources, implementation of appropriate training program, effective utilization of reputable third-party consultants and systematic tools, and boosting employee engagement and morale awareness. Through this research, valuable insights can be gained into how foreign banks can appropriately respond to regulatory actions by U.S. financial regulatory authorities, safeguarding their business interests and reputation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1 1.2 RESEARCH PURPOSE 2 1.3 RESEARCH WORKFLOW 3 1.4 THESIS STRUCTURE 4 CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHOD 5 2.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY 5 2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 8 2.3 SOURCE OF MATERIAL 12 2.4 ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL 19 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. REGULATORY SYSTEM-FOCUSING ON FBO 20 3.1 REGULATORY STRUCTURE IN THE U.S. 20 3.2 FOREIGN BANK PRESENCE IN THE U.S. 28 3.3 FOREIGN BANK ENTRY OPTIONS AND APPROVAL 30 3.4 MAJOR LAWS GOVERNING FBOS 35 CHAPTER FOUR: CASE STUDY 42 4.1 KEY PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS AGAINST TAIWAN FBOS 42 4.2 EFFECTIVENESS OF TAIWAN FBOS’ REMEDIATION 44 4.3 CASE OVERVIEW 46 4.4 ESTABLISH A DESIGNATED REMEDIATION STEERING STRUCTURE 47 4.5 DESIGNATE A QUALIFIED CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND BSA/AML OFFICER 58 4.6 EXTERNAL CRITICAL RESOURCES 62 4.7 REBUILT A ROBUST BSA/AML & OFAC SANCTIONS PROGRAM 80 4.8 COMMUNICATED WITH U.S. REGULATORY AGENCY 85 4.9 WELL-PREPARING THE U.S. REGULATORY AGENCY EXAMINATION 91 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 99 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 99 5.2 EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS 102 5.3 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 103 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 104 REFERENCES 105 APPENDIX 109 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2659761 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111ZB1018 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 銀行保密/洗錢防制法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 執法行動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 停止違規行為令 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) BSA/AML en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Enforcement Action en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cease and Desist Order en_US dc.title (題名) 面對美國金融監理處分之應對策略－以H銀行美國分行為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Response strategies of FBO to U.S. regulatory enforcement actions – A case study of a H bank U.S. branch/agency en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” May 30, 2017. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20170530a.htm. 2.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” January 17, 2018. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20180117a.htm. 3.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” January 19, 2018. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20181119a.htm. 4.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Press Release,” April 19, 2019. https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20190409a.htm. 5.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Structure Data for U.S. Banking Offices of Foreign Entities,” April 11, 2023. https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/iba/202212/default.htm. 6.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “SR 18-7: Updates to the Expanded Examination Cycle for Certain State Member Banks and U.S. Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banking Organizations,” January 28, 2019. https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/srletters/sr1807.htm. 7.Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Foreign Banking Organization (FBO) Supervision and Regulation,” October 3, 2023. https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/topics/fbo_supervision.htm. 8.Congress.Gov. “H.R.10899 - International Banking Act,” September 17, 1978. https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-bill/10899/text?s=9&r=1.&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22International+Banking+Act+of+1978%5C%22%22%7D. 9.Congress.Gov. “H.R.2432 - Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act of 1991,” May 22, 1991. https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/2432/text?s=1&r=68. 10.Campbell, Donald T. “Degrees of Freedom and the Case Study.” Comparative Political Studies 8, no. 2 (1975): 178–193. 11.Discover U.S. Government Information. “International Banking Act of 1978,” August 15, 2019, 12 USC 3105(d)(2). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-275/pdf/COMPS-275.pdf. 12.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-II/subchapter-A/part-211/subpart-B/section-211.21#p-211.21(x). 13.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(e). 14.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(b). 15.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.21#p-211.21(z). 16.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” August 15, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.24#p-211.24(c)(2). 17.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” April 12, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.24#p-211.24(c)(1)(ii). 18.eCFR.Gov. “Title 12,” July 26, 2023. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/part-211/section-211.23#p-211.23(a). 19.Gov.Info. “International Banking Act of 1978,” September 18, 2019. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-275/pdf/COMPS-275.pdf. 20.Gov.Info. “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to intercept and obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001,” October 26, 2001. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-107publ56. 21.Financial Crime Enforcement Network. “Foreign Banking Organization (FBO) Supervision and Regulation,” August 27, 2023. https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-and-regulations/bank-secrecy-act. 22.Financial Crime Enforcement Network. “About BSA E-Filing,” August 27, 2023. https://bsaefiling.fincen.treas.gov/main.html. 23.FinCEN Suspicious Activity Report (FinCEN SAR) Electronic Filing Instructions. 1.2. U.S.: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2012. https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FinCEN%20SAR%20ElectronicFilingInstructions-%20Stand%20Alone%20doc.pdf. 24.Green, Elliott. “What Are the Most-Cited Publications in the Social Sciences (According to Google Scholar)?” LSE Impact Blog, May 12, 2016. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/05/12/what-are-the-most-cited-publications-in-the-social-sciences-according-to-google-scholar/. 25.Nachmias, Chava, and David Nachmias. “Research Methods in the Social Sciences.” St. Martin’s Press 4 (1992): 77–78. 26.Supervision and Regulation Report. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2022. https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/202211-supervision-and-regulation-report.pdf. 27.Segal, John P. “A Summary of the International Banking Act of 1978.” Economic Review, 1979, 20. https://www.richmondfed.org/~/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_review/1979/pdf/er650103.pdf. 28.Srinivas, Val, Daniel Byler, Richa Wadhwani, and Alok Ranjan. Enforcement Actions in the Banking Industry Trends and Lessons Learned. U.S.: Deloitte Development LLC, 2015. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/bank-enforcement-actions-trends-in-banking-industry/DUP1372_EnforcementActionsBanking_120815.pdf. 29.The Fed Explained What the Central Bank Does. 7th ed. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17016/0199-9729.11. 30.Examination Manual for U.S. Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banking Organizations. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1997. https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/supervision_foreignbank.htm. 31.Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. 6th ed. CA: Thousand Oaks, 2018. zh_TW
