學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 女性心理年齡影響因素之研究:以化妝保養品之品牌態度為例
作者 溫曉盼
Wen,Hsiao-Pan
貢獻者 張卿卿
Chang,Ching-Ching
溫曉盼
Wen,Hsiao-Pan
關鍵詞 女姓
心理年齡
品牌態度
female
cognitive age
brand attitude
日期 2004
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:11:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 心理年齡 (Cognitive Age),指的是個人心理內在所認知的自我年齡,研究指出,真實年齡與心理年齡兩者間存在差異,一個人的心理年齡也許會比真實年齡年長或年輕。據此,本文之研究目的有二,一方面探討影響造成心理年齡與實際年齡產生差異的變數,另一方面則探討心理年齡與品牌態度間的關係。
     
     經過研究分析,初步發現對女性來說,心理年齡確實不同於真實年齡,且受測的410位女性,有六成四的女性的心理年齡比真實年齡小,可看出答卷女性中有較明顯的心理年齡年輕化傾向。此外,除了「22歲以下」的女性平均心理年齡高於真實年齡之外,其他女性平均心理年齡都低於真實年齡,且隨著年齡層的提高,心理年齡與真實年齡的差距越大,顯示心理年齡年輕化傾向更大。
     
     假設驗證方面,首先就影響心理年齡傾向的因素來說,在人口變項方面,本研究發現,收入高低在心理年齡的傾向上有差異,收入高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。而婚姻狀態在心理年齡的傾向上也有顯著差異,但與原先假設相反,已婚者反而比未婚者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向,本研究推論可能受到其他共變項(如收入、教育程度等)的影響。至於教育程度高低在心理年齡的傾向上沒有顯著差異,本研究認為,更仔細的進行教育程度分組,是未來研究可修正的方向。至於心理變項,本研究發現,社會比較程度高低在心理年齡傾向上有差異,社會比較程度高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。至於公眾自我意識高低在心理年齡的傾向上則沒有顯著差異,但是從平均值來看,公眾自我意識高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。
     
     至於心理年齡與品牌態度的影響,研究發現,對於品牌年齡較低的品牌
     群來說,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距比真實年齡與品牌年齡之差距,更能有效預測品牌態度,顯示除了真實年齡之外,心理年齡對品牌態度有一定的影響力,值得注意。另一方面,對於品牌年齡低的品牌而言,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距越小,品牌態度越好;至於品牌年齡較高的品牌,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距越大,品牌態度反而越好。
參考文獻 中文部份
吳靜吉、陳麗婉、王文中〈1989〉。〈自我意識量表之修訂〉,《測驗年刊》,37期,頁211-226。
JOHN P. ROBINSON, PHILLIP R. SHAVER,LAWRENCE S. WRIGHTSMAN編著 ; 楊中芳總校 ; 楊宜音等譯校〈1997〉。《性格與心理測驗總覽》,台北:遠流出版社。
邱皓政〈2002〉。《量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析解析範例》,二版,台北市:五南圖書。
林傑斌、陳湘、劉明德〈2002〉。《SPSS11統計分析實務設計寶典》,初版,台北縣:博碩文化出版。
傅仰止,網路人口的樣本特性:比較網頁調查追蹤方法與個人網絡抽樣方法,調查研究第九期。
英文部份
Alahphilippe, D., and Bailly, N. (1997), “Evolution de la re representation de soi chez les peraonnes agees.”, Paychologie Francaise, 42(4), pp.355-364.
Auken, Stuart Van, Thomas E. Barry, and Robert L. Anderson (1993), “Observations: Toward the Internal Validation of Cognitive Age Measures in Advertising Research,” Journal of Advertising Research, 33(3), pp.82-84.
Auken, Stuart Van, Thomas E. Barry (1995), “An Assessment of the Trait Validity of Cognitive Age Measure,” Journal of Consumer Research, 4(2), pp.107-132.
Barak, Benny (1987), “Cognitive Age: A New Multidimensional Approach to Measuring Age Identity,” International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 25(2), pp.109-125.
Wolfe, D. B. (1990), “Serving the Ageless Market: Strategies for Selling to the Fifty-Plus Market.”, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wylie, Ruth C. (1974), The Self Concept, Revised Edition, 1, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Zola, I. K. (1962), Feelings about Age among Older People. Journal of Gerontology, 17, pp.65-68.
Barak, Benny (1998), “Inner-Ages of Middle-Aged Prime Lifers”, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 46, pp.189-228.
Barak, Benny, Anil Mathur, Keun Lee, and Zhang (2001), “Perceptions of Age-Identity: A Cross-Cultural Inner-Age Exploration”, Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1003-1029.
Barak, Benny and Barbara Stern (1985), “Women’s Age in Advertising: An Examination of two Consumer Age Profiles,” Journal of Advertising Research, 25(6), pp.38-47.
Barak, Benny and Leon G. Schiffman (1981), “Cognitive Age: A Nonchronological Age Variable,” in Advances in Consumer Research, J. Olson, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 9, pp.602-606.
Barak, Benny and Rahtz, Don R. (1990), “Cognitive Age: Demographic and Psychographic dimensions” Journal of Ambulatory Care Marketing, 3, pp.51-65.
Barak, Benny and Rahtz, Don R. (1999), “Perceived Youth: Appraisal and Characterization,” International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 49(3), pp.231-257.
Barak, Benny and Stern, B. (1986a), “Subjective Age Correlates: A Research note.” The Gerontologist , 26(5), pp.571-578.
Barak, Benny and Stern, B. (1986b), “Sex-linked Trait Indexes among Baby-Boomers and Pre-Boomers: A Research Note.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 13, R. J. Lutz, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.204-209.
Barak, Benny, Stern, B., and Gould, S. (1988), “Ideal Age Concept: An Exploration.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 15, M. Houston, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.146-152.
Barak, Benny and Steven Gould (1985), “Alternative Age Measures: A Research Agenda,” in Advances in Consumer Research, 12, E. Hirschman and M. Holbrook, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.53-58.
Baum, Steven K., and Russell L. Boxley (1982) “Perception of Age by the Elderly: A Bibliography of Research.” Psychological Reports, 51, pp.87-94.
Baum, Steven K., and Russell L. Boxley (1983) “Age Identification in the Elderly” The Gerontologist, 23(October), pp.532-537.
Bei, L. and Chiao Y. C. (2002), “An Exploratory Study of the Cognitive Age Versus Chronological Age of Teens and Adults in Taiwan” Society for Consumer Psychology Conference, New Orleans, L.A.
Blau, Zena S. (1956), “Changes in Status and Age Identification,” American Sociological Review, 21(April), pp.198-203.
Bultena, Gordon L., and Edward A. Powers (1978), “Denial of Aging: Age Identification and Reference Group,” Journal of Gerontology, 33(October), pp.748-754.
Bytheway, W. R. (1995), “Ageism.” , Buckingham: Open University Press.
Catterall, Miriam, and Maclaran, Pauline. (2001): “Body Talk:Questioning the Assumptions in Cognitive Age”, Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1117-1133.
Chua, C., Cote, J. A., and Leong, S.M. (1990), “The Antecedents of Cognitive Age”, In Advances in Consumer Research, 17, M. E. Goldberg, G. Corn, and R. Pollay, Eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.880-885.
Cole, T. R. (1992), “The Journal of Life: A Cultural History of Ageing in America.”, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culter, N. E.(1982), “Subjective Age Identification.” In Research Instruments in Social Gerontology: Clinical and Social Psychology, D. J. Mangen and W. A. Peterson, Ed., Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp.437-461.
Epstein, Seymour (1980), “The Self-Concept: A Review and the Proposal of an Integrated Theory of personality”, Personality: Basic Issues and Current Research, ed. Ervin Staub, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Erikson, E. H. (1963), “Identity: Youth and Crisis”, N.Y.: Norton.
Festinger, L. (1954), “A theory of Social Comparison Processes”, Human Relations, 7, pp.117-140.
Fenigstein, Allen, Michael F. Scheier, and Arnold H. Buss (1975), “Public and Private Self-Consciousness: Assessment and Theory.”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), pp.522-527.
Furstenberg, A. (1989), “Older People’s Age Self-Concept” The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 70(5), pp.268-275.
Gana, K. (1995), “Concept de soi et vieillissement.”, These de doctorat en psyhologie, Toures: Universite Fiancois Rabelais.
George, Linda K., Elizabeth J. Mutran, and Margaret R. Pennybacker (1980), “The Meaning and Measurement of Age Identity,” Experimental Aging Research, 6(June), pp.283-298.
Goldsmith, R. E., and Heiens, R.E. (1992), “Subjective Age: A test of five hypotheses.”, The Gerontologist, 32(3), pp.312-317.
Guiot, Denis. (2001), “Antecedents of Subjective Age Biases among Senior Women” Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1049-1071.
Guptill, Carleton S. (1969), “A Measure of Age Identification” The Gerontologist, 9, pp.96-102.
Gwinner, Kevin P. and Nancy Nancy Stephens (2001), “Testing the Implied Mediational Role of Cognitive Age,” Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1031-1048.
Hareven, T. K. (1995), “Changing images of aging and the social construction of the life course.” In M. Featherston and A. Wernick (Eds.), Images of aging: Cultural res]presentations of later life.(pp.119-134)., London: Routledge.
Heckhausen, J., and Krueger, J. (1993). “Developmental Expectations for the Self and Most Other People: Age Grading in Three Functions of social Comparison.”, Developmental Psychology, 29(3), pp.539-548.
Heckhausen, J., and Schulz, R. (1995), “A Life-Span Theory of Control.”, Psychological Review, 103, pp.284-304.
Henderson, Kenneth V., Ronald E. Goldsmith, and Leisa R. Flynn (1995), “Demographic Characteristics of Subjective Age,” The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(4), pp.447-457.
Holbrook, M.B., R. Batra (1987), "Assessing the Role of Emotions as Mediators of Consumer Responses to Advertising", Journal of Consumer Research, 14, December, 404-420.
Hubley, A. M., and Hultsch, D. F.(1994), “The Relationship of personality trait variables to subjective age identity in older adults.”, Research on Aging, 16(4), pp.415-439.
Johar, J. S., & Sirgy, M.J. (1991), Value-Expressive versus utilitarian advertising appeals: When and why to use which appeal, Journal of Advertising, 20(3), pp.23-33.
Johnson, Edna B. (1996), “Cognitive Age: Understanding Consumer Alienation in the Mature Market,” Review of Business, 17(3), pp.35-40.
Kastenbaum, Robert, Valarie Derbin, Paul Sabatini and Steven Artt (1972), “ ‘The Ages of Me’: Toward Personal and Interpersonal Definitions of Functional Aging,” Aging and Human Development, 3(2), pp.197-211.
Kruglanski, W. A., & Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and Current Social Comparison Research: Expanding the Perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 195-208.
Lefcourt, H. M. (1981), “Research with the Locus of Control Construct: Vol. 1. Assessment Methods.”, New York: Academic Press.
Lennox, R., & Wolfe, R. (1984). A revision of the self-moni- toring scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1348-1364.
Linn, Margaret W., and Kathleen Hunter (1979), “Perception of Age in the Elderly,” Journal of Gerontology, 34(January), pp.46-52.
Lutsky, N. S. (1978), “Patterns of Personal and Interpersonal Subjective Age perception,” The Gerontologist, 18, pp.97.
Maesha L. Richins, (1991), “Social Comparison and Idealized Images of Advertising”, Journal of Consumer Research, 18, PP.71-83.
Markides, Kyriakos S., and Joanne S. Boldt (1983), “Change in Subjective Age among the Elderly: A Longitudinal Analysis,” The Gerontologist, 23(August), pp.422-427.
Meadow, H. lee; Stephen C. Cosmas; and Andy Plotkin. (1981), “The Elderly Consumer: Past, Present and Future.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 8, K. B. Monroe, ed. Ann Arbor: Association for Consumer Research.
M. Joseph Sirgy. (1982), “Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review”, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, pp.287-300.
Mitchell, A. A. and Olson, J. C. (1981). "Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude?", Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 318-332.
Montpare, J. M., and Lachman, M. E. (1989), “You’re Only As Old As You Feel: Self-Perception of Age, Fears of Aging, and Life Satisfaction from Adolescence to Old Age”, Psychology and Aging, 4(1), pp.73-84.
Moschis, G. P. (1992), “Marketing to Older Consumers”, Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Mutran, E., and George, L. K. (1982), “Alternative Methods of Measuring Role/Identity: A Research Note”, Social Forces, 60, pp.866-875.
Neugarten, B. L. (1968), “The awareness of middle age.”, In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging, a reactor in social psychology. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Neugarten, B. L. (1979), “Time, Age and the Life Cycle.”, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 7, pp.887-894.
Neugarten, B. L., and Hagestad, G. O. (1976), “Age and the Life Course.” In R. H. Binstock and E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social science. New York: Van Nostrand Reingold.
Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, second edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Peters, G. R. (1971), “Self-Conception of the Aged, Age Identification and Aging,” The Gerontologist, 11, pp.69-73.
Phillips, Bernard S.(1957) “A Role Theory Approach to Adjustment in Old Age,” American Sociological Review, 22(April), pp.212-217.
Phillips, Lynn W., and Brian Sternthal. (1977) “Age Differences in Information Processing: A perspective on the Aged Consumer.” Journal of Marketing Research, 14(4), pp.444-457.
Preston, C. E. (1968), “Subjective Perceived Agedness and Retirement”, Journal of Gerontology, 23, pp.201-204.
Raju, P. S. (1980), “Optimum Stimulation Level: Its relationship to Personality, Demographics, and Exploratory Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Research, 7, pp.272-281
Reynolds, Fred D., and Joseph O. Rentz. (1981), “Cohort Analysis: An Aid to Strategic Planning.” Journal of Marketing, 45(3), pp.62-70.
Riley, F. Dall`Olmo, A.S.C. Ehrenberg, S.B. Castleberry, T.P. Barwise, and N.R. Barnard (1997), "The Variability of Attitudinal Repeat-Rates," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14 (Number 5),437-450.
Ross, I. (1982), “Information Processing and the Older Consumer: Marketing and Public Policy Implications”, In Advances in Consumer Research,9, A. A. Mitchell, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.31-39.
Rosow, Irving (1967, Social Integration of the Aged, NY: The Free Press.
Rosow, Irving (1974), Socialization to Old Age, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Roscoe, Jr., A. Marvin, LeClaire, Jr., Arthur, and Schiffman, Leon G. (1977), “Theory and Management Applications of Demographics in Buyer Behavior,” in Arch G. Woodside, Jagdish Sheth and Peter D. Bennet, eds., Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior, New York: Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., pp.67-76.
Ruoppila (1992), “Atteitude of 65-84 Year Olds towards Age and Aging” Gerontoligia, 6(1), pp.3-21.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The Self-Consciousness Scale: A revised version for use with general populations. Journal of applied Social Psychology, 15, 687-699.
Sherman, Elaine, Leon G. Schiffman, and William R. Dillon (1988), “Age/Gender Segments and Quality of Life Differences,” in Marketing: A Return to the Broader Dimensions, Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp.319-320.
Sengupta and Fitzsimons (2000), "The Effects of Analyzing Reasons for Brand
Preferences: Disruption or Reinforcement," Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (3),318-330
Sirgy, M. J. (1981a), “Testing a Self-Concept Using a Tangible Product.”, in Proceedings of the American Psychological Association-Consumer Psycology Division, 89, 17.
Sirgy, M. J. (1982a), “Self-Image/Product-Image Congruity and Advertising Strategy”, in Developments in Marketing Science, Vol.5, ed. Vinay Kothari, Marquette, MI: Academy of Marketing Science, 129-133.
Sirgy, M. J. (1982b), “Self-Image/Product-Image Congruity and Purchase Motivation: A Role Playing Experiment”, Proceedings of the American Psychological Association-Consumer Psychology Division, 90.
Sirgy, M. J., Mentzer, J. T., Rahtz, D. R., and Meadow, H. L. (1991), “Satisfaction with Health Care Services. Consumption, and Life Satisfaction among the elderly”, Journal of Macromarketing, 11, pp.24-39.
Stephens, Nancy (1991), “Cognitive Age: A Useful Concept for Advertising?” Journal of Advertising, 20(4), pp.37-48.
Tepper, K. (1994), “The Role of Labeling Processes in Elderly Consumers’ Responses to Age Segmentation Cues.”, Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), pp.503-519.
Thornton, B., & Moore, S. (1993). Physical attractiveness contrast effect: Implications for self-esteem and evaluations of the social self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 474-480.
Thornton, B., & Maurice, J. K.(1999). Physical attractiveness contrast effect and the moderating influence of self-consciousness. Sex Roles, 40, 379-392.
Tuckman, Jocob and Irving Lorge (1954), “Sociomedical Progress ,” Geriatric, 9(11), pp.534-536.
Tuckman, Jocob and Martha Lavell (1957), “Self-Classification as Old or Not Old,” Geriatric, 12(Nov.), pp.666-671.
Underhill, Lois, and Franchellie Cadwell (1983), “What Age Do You Feel’: Age Perception Study,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 1(Summer), pp.18-22.
Uotinen (1998), “Age Indentification: A Comparison between Finnish and North-American Cultures.”, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 46(2), pp.109-124.
Ward, Russell A. (1977), “The Impact of Subjective Age and Stigma on Older people,” Journal of Gerontology, 32(March), pp.227-232.
William O. Bearden, and Randall L. Rose. (1990)“Attention to Social Comparison Information: An Individual Difference Factor Affecting Consumer Confirmity”, Journal of Consumer Research, 16, pp.461-471.
Wells, William D. (1975), “Psychographics: A Critical review.” Journal of Marketing Research, 12, pp.196-213.
Wilkes, Robert E. (1992), “A Structural Modeling Approach to the Measurement and Meaning of Cognitive Age,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19(Sep.), pp.292-301.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
90452003
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090452003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張卿卿zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang,Ching-Chingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 溫曉盼zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wen,Hsiao-Panen_US
dc.creator (作者) 溫曉盼zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wen,Hsiao-Panen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:11:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:11:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:11:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090452003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29722-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 廣告研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90452003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 心理年齡 (Cognitive Age),指的是個人心理內在所認知的自我年齡,研究指出,真實年齡與心理年齡兩者間存在差異,一個人的心理年齡也許會比真實年齡年長或年輕。據此,本文之研究目的有二,一方面探討影響造成心理年齡與實際年齡產生差異的變數,另一方面則探討心理年齡與品牌態度間的關係。
     
     經過研究分析,初步發現對女性來說,心理年齡確實不同於真實年齡,且受測的410位女性,有六成四的女性的心理年齡比真實年齡小,可看出答卷女性中有較明顯的心理年齡年輕化傾向。此外,除了「22歲以下」的女性平均心理年齡高於真實年齡之外,其他女性平均心理年齡都低於真實年齡,且隨著年齡層的提高,心理年齡與真實年齡的差距越大,顯示心理年齡年輕化傾向更大。
     
     假設驗證方面,首先就影響心理年齡傾向的因素來說,在人口變項方面,本研究發現,收入高低在心理年齡的傾向上有差異,收入高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。而婚姻狀態在心理年齡的傾向上也有顯著差異,但與原先假設相反,已婚者反而比未婚者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向,本研究推論可能受到其他共變項(如收入、教育程度等)的影響。至於教育程度高低在心理年齡的傾向上沒有顯著差異,本研究認為,更仔細的進行教育程度分組,是未來研究可修正的方向。至於心理變項,本研究發現,社會比較程度高低在心理年齡傾向上有差異,社會比較程度高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。至於公眾自我意識高低在心理年齡的傾向上則沒有顯著差異,但是從平均值來看,公眾自我意識高者比低者在心理年齡上有年輕化傾向。
     
     至於心理年齡與品牌態度的影響,研究發現,對於品牌年齡較低的品牌
     群來說,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距比真實年齡與品牌年齡之差距,更能有效預測品牌態度,顯示除了真實年齡之外,心理年齡對品牌態度有一定的影響力,值得注意。另一方面,對於品牌年齡低的品牌而言,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距越小,品牌態度越好;至於品牌年齡較高的品牌,心理年齡與品牌年齡之差距越大,品牌態度反而越好。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
     第一節 研究背景與動機................................3
     第二節 研究目的......................................6
     
     第二章 文獻探討
     第一節 心理年齡......................................9
     第二節 影響心理年齡的變項............................14
     第三節 心理年齡對品牌態度的影響......................24
     
     第三章 研究架構與假設
     第一節 研究架構......................................27
     第二節 研究假設......................................28
     
     第四章 研究方法
     第一節 研究方法......................................32
     第二節 前測說明......................................33
     第三節 變項定義與測量................................36
     
     第五章 研究分析
     第一節 量表信效度分析................................42
     第二節 樣本敘述......................................44
     第三節 心理年齡分析..................................47
     第四節 假設分析......................................50
     
     第六章 結論
     第一節 主要發現與討論................................64
     第二節 研究貢獻與未來研究建議........................71
     第三節 研究限制......................................75
     
     參考文獻................................................76
     
     附錄....................................................83
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090452003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女姓zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 心理年齡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 品牌態度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) femaleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitive ageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) brand attitudeen_US
dc.title (題名) 女性心理年齡影響因素之研究:以化妝保養品之品牌態度為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳靜吉、陳麗婉、王文中〈1989〉。〈自我意識量表之修訂〉,《測驗年刊》,37期,頁211-226。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) JOHN P. ROBINSON, PHILLIP R. SHAVER,LAWRENCE S. WRIGHTSMAN編著 ; 楊中芳總校 ; 楊宜音等譯校〈1997〉。《性格與心理測驗總覽》,台北:遠流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱皓政〈2002〉。《量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析解析範例》,二版,台北市:五南圖書。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林傑斌、陳湘、劉明德〈2002〉。《SPSS11統計分析實務設計寶典》,初版,台北縣:博碩文化出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 傅仰止,網路人口的樣本特性:比較網頁調查追蹤方法與個人網絡抽樣方法,調查研究第九期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alahphilippe, D., and Bailly, N. (1997), “Evolution de la re representation de soi chez les peraonnes agees.”, Paychologie Francaise, 42(4), pp.355-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Auken, Stuart Van, Thomas E. Barry, and Robert L. Anderson (1993), “Observations: Toward the Internal Validation of Cognitive Age Measures in Advertising Research,” Journal of Advertising Research, 33(3), pp.82-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Auken, Stuart Van, Thomas E. Barry (1995), “An Assessment of the Trait Validity of Cognitive Age Measure,” Journal of Consumer Research, 4(2), pp.107-132.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny (1987), “Cognitive Age: A New Multidimensional Approach to Measuring Age Identity,” International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 25(2), pp.109-125.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wolfe, D. B. (1990), “Serving the Ageless Market: Strategies for Selling to the Fifty-Plus Market.”, New York: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wylie, Ruth C. (1974), The Self Concept, Revised Edition, 1, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zola, I. K. (1962), Feelings about Age among Older People. Journal of Gerontology, 17, pp.65-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny (1998), “Inner-Ages of Middle-Aged Prime Lifers”, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 46, pp.189-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny, Anil Mathur, Keun Lee, and Zhang (2001), “Perceptions of Age-Identity: A Cross-Cultural Inner-Age Exploration”, Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1003-1029.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Barbara Stern (1985), “Women’s Age in Advertising: An Examination of two Consumer Age Profiles,” Journal of Advertising Research, 25(6), pp.38-47.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Leon G. Schiffman (1981), “Cognitive Age: A Nonchronological Age Variable,” in Advances in Consumer Research, J. Olson, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 9, pp.602-606.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Rahtz, Don R. (1990), “Cognitive Age: Demographic and Psychographic dimensions” Journal of Ambulatory Care Marketing, 3, pp.51-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Rahtz, Don R. (1999), “Perceived Youth: Appraisal and Characterization,” International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 49(3), pp.231-257.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Stern, B. (1986a), “Subjective Age Correlates: A Research note.” The Gerontologist , 26(5), pp.571-578.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Stern, B. (1986b), “Sex-linked Trait Indexes among Baby-Boomers and Pre-Boomers: A Research Note.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 13, R. J. Lutz, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.204-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny, Stern, B., and Gould, S. (1988), “Ideal Age Concept: An Exploration.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 15, M. Houston, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.146-152.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barak, Benny and Steven Gould (1985), “Alternative Age Measures: A Research Agenda,” in Advances in Consumer Research, 12, E. Hirschman and M. Holbrook, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.53-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baum, Steven K., and Russell L. Boxley (1982) “Perception of Age by the Elderly: A Bibliography of Research.” Psychological Reports, 51, pp.87-94.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baum, Steven K., and Russell L. Boxley (1983) “Age Identification in the Elderly” The Gerontologist, 23(October), pp.532-537.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bei, L. and Chiao Y. C. (2002), “An Exploratory Study of the Cognitive Age Versus Chronological Age of Teens and Adults in Taiwan” Society for Consumer Psychology Conference, New Orleans, L.A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blau, Zena S. (1956), “Changes in Status and Age Identification,” American Sociological Review, 21(April), pp.198-203.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bultena, Gordon L., and Edward A. Powers (1978), “Denial of Aging: Age Identification and Reference Group,” Journal of Gerontology, 33(October), pp.748-754.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bytheway, W. R. (1995), “Ageism.” , Buckingham: Open University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Catterall, Miriam, and Maclaran, Pauline. (2001): “Body Talk:Questioning the Assumptions in Cognitive Age”, Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1117-1133.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chua, C., Cote, J. A., and Leong, S.M. (1990), “The Antecedents of Cognitive Age”, In Advances in Consumer Research, 17, M. E. Goldberg, G. Corn, and R. Pollay, Eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.880-885.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cole, T. R. (1992), “The Journal of Life: A Cultural History of Ageing in America.”, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Culter, N. E.(1982), “Subjective Age Identification.” In Research Instruments in Social Gerontology: Clinical and Social Psychology, D. J. Mangen and W. A. Peterson, Ed., Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp.437-461.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Epstein, Seymour (1980), “The Self-Concept: A Review and the Proposal of an Integrated Theory of personality”, Personality: Basic Issues and Current Research, ed. Ervin Staub, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erikson, E. H. (1963), “Identity: Youth and Crisis”, N.Y.: Norton.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Festinger, L. (1954), “A theory of Social Comparison Processes”, Human Relations, 7, pp.117-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fenigstein, Allen, Michael F. Scheier, and Arnold H. Buss (1975), “Public and Private Self-Consciousness: Assessment and Theory.”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), pp.522-527.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Furstenberg, A. (1989), “Older People’s Age Self-Concept” The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 70(5), pp.268-275.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gana, K. (1995), “Concept de soi et vieillissement.”, These de doctorat en psyhologie, Toures: Universite Fiancois Rabelais.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) George, Linda K., Elizabeth J. Mutran, and Margaret R. Pennybacker (1980), “The Meaning and Measurement of Age Identity,” Experimental Aging Research, 6(June), pp.283-298.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goldsmith, R. E., and Heiens, R.E. (1992), “Subjective Age: A test of five hypotheses.”, The Gerontologist, 32(3), pp.312-317.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guiot, Denis. (2001), “Antecedents of Subjective Age Biases among Senior Women” Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1049-1071.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guptill, Carleton S. (1969), “A Measure of Age Identification” The Gerontologist, 9, pp.96-102.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gwinner, Kevin P. and Nancy Nancy Stephens (2001), “Testing the Implied Mediational Role of Cognitive Age,” Psychology and Marketing, 18(10), pp.1031-1048.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hareven, T. K. (1995), “Changing images of aging and the social construction of the life course.” In M. Featherston and A. Wernick (Eds.), Images of aging: Cultural res]presentations of later life.(pp.119-134)., London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heckhausen, J., and Krueger, J. (1993). “Developmental Expectations for the Self and Most Other People: Age Grading in Three Functions of social Comparison.”, Developmental Psychology, 29(3), pp.539-548.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heckhausen, J., and Schulz, R. (1995), “A Life-Span Theory of Control.”, Psychological Review, 103, pp.284-304.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henderson, Kenneth V., Ronald E. Goldsmith, and Leisa R. Flynn (1995), “Demographic Characteristics of Subjective Age,” The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(4), pp.447-457.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holbrook, M.B., R. Batra (1987), "Assessing the Role of Emotions as Mediators of Consumer Responses to Advertising", Journal of Consumer Research, 14, December, 404-420.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hubley, A. M., and Hultsch, D. F.(1994), “The Relationship of personality trait variables to subjective age identity in older adults.”, Research on Aging, 16(4), pp.415-439.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johar, J. S., & Sirgy, M.J. (1991), Value-Expressive versus utilitarian advertising appeals: When and why to use which appeal, Journal of Advertising, 20(3), pp.23-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, Edna B. (1996), “Cognitive Age: Understanding Consumer Alienation in the Mature Market,” Review of Business, 17(3), pp.35-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kastenbaum, Robert, Valarie Derbin, Paul Sabatini and Steven Artt (1972), “ ‘The Ages of Me’: Toward Personal and Interpersonal Definitions of Functional Aging,” Aging and Human Development, 3(2), pp.197-211.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kruglanski, W. A., & Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and Current Social Comparison Research: Expanding the Perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 195-208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lefcourt, H. M. (1981), “Research with the Locus of Control Construct: Vol. 1. Assessment Methods.”, New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lennox, R., & Wolfe, R. (1984). A revision of the self-moni- toring scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1348-1364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Linn, Margaret W., and Kathleen Hunter (1979), “Perception of Age in the Elderly,” Journal of Gerontology, 34(January), pp.46-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lutsky, N. S. (1978), “Patterns of Personal and Interpersonal Subjective Age perception,” The Gerontologist, 18, pp.97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maesha L. Richins, (1991), “Social Comparison and Idealized Images of Advertising”, Journal of Consumer Research, 18, PP.71-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Markides, Kyriakos S., and Joanne S. Boldt (1983), “Change in Subjective Age among the Elderly: A Longitudinal Analysis,” The Gerontologist, 23(August), pp.422-427.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meadow, H. lee; Stephen C. Cosmas; and Andy Plotkin. (1981), “The Elderly Consumer: Past, Present and Future.” In Advances in Consumer Research, 8, K. B. Monroe, ed. Ann Arbor: Association for Consumer Research.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) M. Joseph Sirgy. (1982), “Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review”, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, pp.287-300.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mitchell, A. A. and Olson, J. C. (1981). "Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude?", Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 318-332.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Montpare, J. M., and Lachman, M. E. (1989), “You’re Only As Old As You Feel: Self-Perception of Age, Fears of Aging, and Life Satisfaction from Adolescence to Old Age”, Psychology and Aging, 4(1), pp.73-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moschis, G. P. (1992), “Marketing to Older Consumers”, Westport, CT: Quorum Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mutran, E., and George, L. K. (1982), “Alternative Methods of Measuring Role/Identity: A Research Note”, Social Forces, 60, pp.866-875.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neugarten, B. L. (1968), “The awareness of middle age.”, In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging, a reactor in social psychology. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neugarten, B. L. (1979), “Time, Age and the Life Cycle.”, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 7, pp.887-894.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neugarten, B. L., and Hagestad, G. O. (1976), “Age and the Life Course.” In R. H. Binstock and E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social science. New York: Van Nostrand Reingold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, second edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Peters, G. R. (1971), “Self-Conception of the Aged, Age Identification and Aging,” The Gerontologist, 11, pp.69-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Phillips, Bernard S.(1957) “A Role Theory Approach to Adjustment in Old Age,” American Sociological Review, 22(April), pp.212-217.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Phillips, Lynn W., and Brian Sternthal. (1977) “Age Differences in Information Processing: A perspective on the Aged Consumer.” Journal of Marketing Research, 14(4), pp.444-457.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Preston, C. E. (1968), “Subjective Perceived Agedness and Retirement”, Journal of Gerontology, 23, pp.201-204.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raju, P. S. (1980), “Optimum Stimulation Level: Its relationship to Personality, Demographics, and Exploratory Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Research, 7, pp.272-281zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reynolds, Fred D., and Joseph O. Rentz. (1981), “Cohort Analysis: An Aid to Strategic Planning.” Journal of Marketing, 45(3), pp.62-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Riley, F. Dall`Olmo, A.S.C. Ehrenberg, S.B. Castleberry, T.P. Barwise, and N.R. Barnard (1997), "The Variability of Attitudinal Repeat-Rates," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14 (Number 5),437-450.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ross, I. (1982), “Information Processing and the Older Consumer: Marketing and Public Policy Implications”, In Advances in Consumer Research,9, A. A. Mitchell, Ed., Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, pp.31-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosow, Irving (1967, Social Integration of the Aged, NY: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosow, Irving (1974), Socialization to Old Age, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roscoe, Jr., A. Marvin, LeClaire, Jr., Arthur, and Schiffman, Leon G. (1977), “Theory and Management Applications of Demographics in Buyer Behavior,” in Arch G. Woodside, Jagdish Sheth and Peter D. Bennet, eds., Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior, New York: Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., pp.67-76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ruoppila (1992), “Atteitude of 65-84 Year Olds towards Age and Aging” Gerontoligia, 6(1), pp.3-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The Self-Consciousness Scale: A revised version for use with general populations. Journal of applied Social Psychology, 15, 687-699.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sherman, Elaine, Leon G. Schiffman, and William R. Dillon (1988), “Age/Gender Segments and Quality of Life Differences,” in Marketing: A Return to the Broader Dimensions, Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp.319-320.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sengupta and Fitzsimons (2000), "The Effects of Analyzing Reasons for Brandzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Preferences: Disruption or Reinforcement," Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (3),318-330zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sirgy, M. J. (1981a), “Testing a Self-Concept Using a Tangible Product.”, in Proceedings of the American Psychological Association-Consumer Psycology Division, 89, 17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sirgy, M. J. (1982a), “Self-Image/Product-Image Congruity and Advertising Strategy”, in Developments in Marketing Science, Vol.5, ed. Vinay Kothari, Marquette, MI: Academy of Marketing Science, 129-133.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sirgy, M. J. (1982b), “Self-Image/Product-Image Congruity and Purchase Motivation: A Role Playing Experiment”, Proceedings of the American Psychological Association-Consumer Psychology Division, 90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sirgy, M. J., Mentzer, J. T., Rahtz, D. R., and Meadow, H. L. (1991), “Satisfaction with Health Care Services. Consumption, and Life Satisfaction among the elderly”, Journal of Macromarketing, 11, pp.24-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stephens, Nancy (1991), “Cognitive Age: A Useful Concept for Advertising?” Journal of Advertising, 20(4), pp.37-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tepper, K. (1994), “The Role of Labeling Processes in Elderly Consumers’ Responses to Age Segmentation Cues.”, Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), pp.503-519.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thornton, B., & Moore, S. (1993). Physical attractiveness contrast effect: Implications for self-esteem and evaluations of the social self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 474-480.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thornton, B., & Maurice, J. K.(1999). Physical attractiveness contrast effect and the moderating influence of self-consciousness. Sex Roles, 40, 379-392.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuckman, Jocob and Irving Lorge (1954), “Sociomedical Progress ,” Geriatric, 9(11), pp.534-536.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuckman, Jocob and Martha Lavell (1957), “Self-Classification as Old or Not Old,” Geriatric, 12(Nov.), pp.666-671.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Underhill, Lois, and Franchellie Cadwell (1983), “What Age Do You Feel’: Age Perception Study,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 1(Summer), pp.18-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Uotinen (1998), “Age Indentification: A Comparison between Finnish and North-American Cultures.”, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 46(2), pp.109-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ward, Russell A. (1977), “The Impact of Subjective Age and Stigma on Older people,” Journal of Gerontology, 32(March), pp.227-232.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) William O. Bearden, and Randall L. Rose. (1990)“Attention to Social Comparison Information: An Individual Difference Factor Affecting Consumer Confirmity”, Journal of Consumer Research, 16, pp.461-471.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wells, William D. (1975), “Psychographics: A Critical review.” Journal of Marketing Research, 12, pp.196-213.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkes, Robert E. (1992), “A Structural Modeling Approach to the Measurement and Meaning of Cognitive Age,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19(Sep.), pp.292-301.zh_TW