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題名 危機指控之真實性與形象修復策略、框架策略之關聯性研究 - 以「呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案」為例
作者 黎敏如
貢獻者 黃懿慧
黎敏如
關鍵詞 危機情境
形象修復策略
框架策略
框架
日期 2004
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:12:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以危機指控之「證據真實性」(veracity of evidence)的概念(Coombs,1995),來探討呂秀蓮陣營在面對「呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案」中三個不同危機情境的議題時,其使用形象修復策略之差異、使用框架策略之差異,以及探討組織使用形象修復策略與框架策略之關聯性。理論基礎包括:危機情境、形象修復策略、以及框架策略。
     
     本研究採用個案研究法,所獲得的結果較能貼近真實世界中組織因應危機情境所採用策略的原貌,有助於提供研究者對「情境-策略」配套現象的瞭解。在資料分析的部分,先採用質化的論述分析法,分析呂秀蓮陣營在危機發生時所提出的框架。再採用量化的內容分析法,探討呂秀蓮陣營在危機發生時所採用的形象修復策略,以及建構類目之後的框架策略。藉由內容分析系統、客觀、量化的方式,對組織新聞稿等內容做一有系統的分析。
     
     本研究發現,在危機事件中呂秀蓮陣營一共提出八個框架,包括:司法正義、造謠誣陷、舉證責任、國計民生、與人為善、政治亂象、媒體倫理、受人信賴。研究結果顯示,危機情境會影響組織框架策略的使用。當證實危機存在之證據為真實可信時,組織時常採用涵蓋利益層面為「考量社會多數人的利益」的框架,而當證據模糊或證據虛假時,組織較常採用的卻是「訴求本身權益」的框架。而延展性最強的四個框架主題為「造謠誣陷」、「司法正義」、「國計民生」和「舉證責任」;延展性最強的框架呈現方式則是「直接針對議題表示意見」。
     
     本研究也發現,危機情境會影響組織形象修復策略的使用。如果證實危機存在之證據是真實可信的,組織會採用抗辯性弱的形象修復策略、盡量放低姿態進行危機溝通,且回應的內容也比較站在幫助受害者的立場。反之,若組織判定危機是起因於虛假或模糊的證據,就會採用抗辯性強的形象修復策略、以較高姿態進行危機溝通,且回應的內容比較站在保護組織的立場。
     
     此外,本研究發現,當組織採用「形式上致意」等抗辯性較弱的形象修復策略時,其所提出對危機事件的思考結構,較偏向於考量社會多數人的利益;當組織採用「攻擊」或「否認」等抗辯性較強的形象修復策略時,其所提出對危機事件的思考結構,則比較偏向於訴求本身的權益。且組織在使用攻擊、藉口、迎合、形式上致意等策略時,最常搭配的框架呈現方式皆為「直接針對議題表示意見」;在使用否認和哀兵這兩種策略時,最常搭配的框架呈現方式則為「說自己的故事」。研究結果顯示,組織使用形象修復策略和框架策略之間亦有顯著的關聯。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
90452005
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0904520051
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃懿慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黎敏如zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黎敏如zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:12:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:12:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:12:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0904520051en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29740-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 廣告研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90452005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以危機指控之「證據真實性」(veracity of evidence)的概念(Coombs,1995),來探討呂秀蓮陣營在面對「呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案」中三個不同危機情境的議題時,其使用形象修復策略之差異、使用框架策略之差異,以及探討組織使用形象修復策略與框架策略之關聯性。理論基礎包括:危機情境、形象修復策略、以及框架策略。
     
     本研究採用個案研究法,所獲得的結果較能貼近真實世界中組織因應危機情境所採用策略的原貌,有助於提供研究者對「情境-策略」配套現象的瞭解。在資料分析的部分,先採用質化的論述分析法,分析呂秀蓮陣營在危機發生時所提出的框架。再採用量化的內容分析法,探討呂秀蓮陣營在危機發生時所採用的形象修復策略,以及建構類目之後的框架策略。藉由內容分析系統、客觀、量化的方式,對組織新聞稿等內容做一有系統的分析。
     
     本研究發現,在危機事件中呂秀蓮陣營一共提出八個框架,包括:司法正義、造謠誣陷、舉證責任、國計民生、與人為善、政治亂象、媒體倫理、受人信賴。研究結果顯示,危機情境會影響組織框架策略的使用。當證實危機存在之證據為真實可信時,組織時常採用涵蓋利益層面為「考量社會多數人的利益」的框架,而當證據模糊或證據虛假時,組織較常採用的卻是「訴求本身權益」的框架。而延展性最強的四個框架主題為「造謠誣陷」、「司法正義」、「國計民生」和「舉證責任」;延展性最強的框架呈現方式則是「直接針對議題表示意見」。
     
     本研究也發現,危機情境會影響組織形象修復策略的使用。如果證實危機存在之證據是真實可信的,組織會採用抗辯性弱的形象修復策略、盡量放低姿態進行危機溝通,且回應的內容也比較站在幫助受害者的立場。反之,若組織判定危機是起因於虛假或模糊的證據,就會採用抗辯性強的形象修復策略、以較高姿態進行危機溝通,且回應的內容比較站在保護組織的立場。
     
     此外,本研究發現,當組織採用「形式上致意」等抗辯性較弱的形象修復策略時,其所提出對危機事件的思考結構,較偏向於考量社會多數人的利益;當組織採用「攻擊」或「否認」等抗辯性較強的形象修復策略時,其所提出對危機事件的思考結構,則比較偏向於訴求本身的權益。且組織在使用攻擊、藉口、迎合、形式上致意等策略時,最常搭配的框架呈現方式皆為「直接針對議題表示意見」;在使用否認和哀兵這兩種策略時,最常搭配的框架呈現方式則為「說自己的故事」。研究結果顯示,組織使用形象修復策略和框架策略之間亦有顯著的關聯。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 ii
     圖目錄 iv
     表目錄 iv
     第一章 研究緣起 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 2
     壹、危機情境與形象修復策略運用之關係的重要性 2
     貳、框架與使用情境之關聯性的重要性 3
     參、現有形象修復策略研究缺乏與框架策略之關聯的探討 3
     肆、研究目的 4
     第二節 理論基礎 4
     壹、危機情境 4
     貳、形象修復策略 5
     參、框架策略 5
     第三節 個案選擇與研究範圍 6
     壹、個案選擇原因 6
     貳、研究範圍 11
     第二章 文獻探討 12
     第一節 危機情境 12
     壹、危機情境的界定 12
     貳、危機情境與形象修復策略運用的關係 14
     參、本研究建構的危機指控證據真實性之類目 18
     第二節 形象修復策略 19
     壹、形象修復策略的定義 19
     貳、形象修復策略的分類方式 20
     參、本研究建構的形象修復策略之類目 30
     第三節 框架理論 31
     壹、框架理論與危機中的組織框架 32
     貳、組織框架的運用與呈現框架的策略 34
     參、組織框架與形象修復策略的異同 36
     肆、本研究的組織框架策略之界定方式 38
     第四節 研究架構與研究問題 39
     第三章 研究方法 41
     第一節 個案研究法 41
     第二節 研究個案與資料蒐集 42
     壹、個案選擇方式 42
     貳、多重資料蒐集法 44
     參、資料蒐集範圍 45
     第三節 資料分析、信度檢測與研究結果撰寫 46
     壹、資料分析與信度檢測 46
     貳、研究結果撰寫 51
     第四章 資料分析與解釋 52
     第一節 呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案之背景 52
     第二節 危機議題與情境分析 56
     壹、「鼓動緋聞、暗鬥阿扁」 57
     貳、「國家領導人控告媒體前所未聞」 57
     參、「通聯記錄憑空消失」 58
     第三節 研究結果 60
     第五章 結論與建議 92
     第一節 研究發現 92
     壹、呂秀蓮陣營使用的框架策略與特色 92
     貳、不同危機指控之證據真實性時組織使用框架策略之差異 98
     參、不同危機指控之證據真實性時組織使用形象修復策略之差異 102
     肆、組織使用形象修復策略與框架策略之關聯性 104
     伍、對Coombs(1999)危機情境與策略運用分析的回應 109
     第二節 研究限制與建議 112
     壹、研究限制 112
     貳、未來的研究建議 113
     參考文獻 115
     附錄 120
     附錄一:本研究論述分析之命題建構方式與原則 120
     附錄二:危機指控之證據真實性與子類目之定義 123
     附錄三:形象修復策略與子策略之定義 124
     附錄四:框架主旨類目之定義 125
     附錄五:框架涵蓋利益層面類目之定義 126
     附錄六:框架呈現方式類目之定義 127
     
     圖1-1:呂秀蓮的聲望趨勢圖 9
     圖2-1:危機與溝通策略的對照圖 15
     圖2-2:研究架構圖 39
     圖5-1:危機指控之證據真實性與框架涵蓋利益層面的對照圖 100
     圖5-2:危機指控之證據真實性與形象修復策略的對照圖 103
     圖5-4:形象修復策略抗辯性與框架涵蓋利益層面的對照圖 106
     
     表1-1:呂案中的三個議題與危機指控之「證據真實性」分析 7
     表2-1:黃懿慧(2001)之形象修復策略 26
     表2-2:各家學者提出危機發生時組織採用的言語反應策略對照表 28
     表2-3:框架概念的解釋 32
     表2-4:危機溝通策略中的「組織框架」與「形象修復策略」之比較 37
     表3-1:不同研究策略的使用情境 42
     表4-1:「呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案」大紀事 53
     表4-2:呂秀蓮在「鼓動緋聞、暗鬥阿扁」議題中使用的框架策略 60
     表4-3:呂秀蓮在「國家領導人控告媒體前所未聞」議題中使用的框架策略 66
     表4-4:呂秀蓮在「通聯記錄憑空消失」議題中使用的框架策略 69
     表4-5:不同危機指控之證據真實性對於組織使用框架百分比差異 75
     表4-6:不同危機指控之證據真實性對於框架涵蓋利益層面百分比差異 77
     表4-7:不同危機指控之證據真實性對於框架呈現方式百分比差異 78
     表4-8:不同危機指控之證據真實性對於使用形象修復策略百分比差異 80
     表4-9:「證據真實性」對「形象修復策略抗辯性」影響之描述性統計量 82
     表4-10:證據真實性v.s形象修復策略抗辯性之變異數同質性檢定摘要表 82
     表4-11:證據真實性v.s形象修復策略抗辯性之變異數分析摘要表 82
     表4-12:證據真實性v.s形象修復策略抗辯性之多重比較摘要表 82
     表4-13:組織使用不同形象修復策略對於採用框架主旨百分比差異 86
     表4-14:「形象修復策略抗辯性」對「框架涵蓋利益層面」影響之描述性統計 87
     表4-15:形象修復策略抗辯性v.s框架涵蓋利益層面之變異數同質性檢定摘要88
     表4-16:形象修復策略抗辯性v.s框架涵蓋利益層面之變異數分析摘要表 88
     表4-17:形象修復策略抗辯性v.s框架涵蓋利益層面之多重比較摘要表 88
     表4-18:組織使用不同形象修復策略對於使用框架呈現方式百分比差異 90
     表4-19:呂案情境、策略與表現成效對照表 91
     表5-1:危機指控之證據真實性與框架主旨的對照表 99
     表5-2:形象修復策略與框架主旨的對照表 105
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0904520051en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 危機情境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 形象修復策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 危機指控之真實性與形象修復策略、框架策略之關聯性研究 - 以「呂秀蓮疑散佈總統府緋聞案」為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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