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題名 專屬科技與架構科技互動關係之研究-以Google與網際網路為例
Research on Interaction between Proprietary Technology and Infrastructural Technology-A Case Study of Google and Internet
作者 詹傑麟
Chan, Chieh-Lin
貢獻者 郭更生
詹傑麟
Chan, Chieh-Lin
關鍵詞 專屬科技
架構科技
互動關係
網際網路
Google
日期 2007
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:49:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 從歷史觀點來分析,當一項專屬科技可促成企業以嶄新且更有效率的方式營運,並創造其競爭優勢且獲得巨大利益,便會造成競爭者競相模仿,進而導致市場廣泛的變化,但也使得此項科技變成共有和標準化的商品化資源,成為一種架構科技,而企業便無法從架構科技上建立策略優勢。如同鐵路、電報、電力與高速公路等過去的架構科技相同,資訊科技也漸漸地成為共有和標準化的商品化資源,成為新的架構科技。但從不同的角度來看,已商品化的資訊科技只是企業建立資訊科技資源的一部份,企業仍可藉由有效率地運用、人力資源的搭配或與後端流程的整合,來創造企業的競爭優勢。而本研究是從專屬科技與架構科技的觀點出發,藉由對Google案例的分析,來歸納了解專屬科技與架構科技是如何搭配與互動,進而創造價值並獲取價值。
     自網際網路解除商業使用限制以來,運用網際網路以嶄新且更有效率的方式營運的企業便不斷地增加,網際網路也儼然成為一新的架構科技。而成立於1998年Google以專屬的搜尋引擎技術,建構在網際網路的架構科技上,因其卓越的搜尋技術成為了網際網路上最受歡迎的搜尋引擎。Google的搜尋引擎為網際網路使用者創造了價值,卻無法因此而獲取價值,但藉由搜尋與線上廣告的結合使得Google持續創造大量的營收與獲利,而成為廿一世紀初最成功的企業之一。
     藉由個案的分析與歸納,本研究獲得下列命題:
     1. 架構科技為專屬科技提供價值創造的環境,也為專屬科技帶來潛在的資源與市場。當架構科技的使用者愈多時,專屬科技所能獲得的潛在資源與市場規模也愈大。而當專屬科技能提供給架構科技使用者愈多價值時,也能為架構科技帶來愈多使用者。
     2. 架構科技與專屬科技可增加彼此在使用者心中的價值,其為互補性關係。當專屬與架構科技間的互補程度愈高時,表示其所創造的價值愈高。
     3. 專屬科技可能必須結合其他建構於架構科技上的互補專屬科技,才能從所創造的價值中獲取價值。當專屬科技的不可取代性愈高時,其所獲取的價值愈高。
     4. 使用專屬科技建構系統時,需要搭配利用其他互補科技,當利用的架構科技愈多時,其系統成本愈低,彈性愈高。
參考文獻 國內文獻
1. Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L.(民90)。電子化策略與經營模式(呂執中譯)。臺北市:麥格羅希爾。(原著出版年:2001年)
2. Battelle, J.(民95)。搜尋未來:Google和對手正在改寫商業規則與人類文化(陳琇玲譯)。臺北市:商周出版。(原著出版年:2005年)
3. Carr, N. G.(民93)。IT有什麼明天?:資訊科技及消失中的競爭優勢(杜默譯)。臺北市:大塊文化。(原著出版年:2004年)
4. Vise, D. A. & Malseed, M.(民95)。翻動世界的Google(蕭美惠、林秀津譯)。臺北市:時報文化。(原著出版年:2005年)
5. Yin, R. K.(民90)。個案研究法(尚榮安譯)。台北市:弘智文化出版。(原著出版年:1994年)
6. 林孟暉(民93)。企業網際網絡之運用及市場導向程度對組織績效之影響探討。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
國外文獻
1. Adner, R. (2006), “Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem,” Harvard Business Review, 84 (4), 98-107.
2. Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. (2001), Internet Business Models and Strategies: Text and Cases. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
3. Angehrn, A. (1997), “Designing Mature Internet Business Strategies: The ICDI Model,” European Management Journal, 15 (4), 361-369.
4. Arnold, S. E. (2005), The Google Legacy. Tetbury, England: Infonortics.
5. Basu, A., Mazumdar, T., and Raj, S. P. (2003), “Indirect Network Externality Effects on Product Attributes,” Marketing Science, 22 (2), 209-221.
6. Battelle, J. (2005), The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. New York: Portfolio.
7. Bhatt, G. D. and Grover, V. (2005), “Types of Information Technology Capabilities and Their Role in Competitive Advantage: An empirical Study,” Journal of Management Information System, 22 (2), 253-277.
8. Bowman, C. and Amrosini, V. (2000), “Value Creation versus Value Capture: Towards a Coherent Definition of Value in Strategy,” British Journal of Management, 11 (1), 1-15.
9. BusinessWeek/Interbrand. (2006, July 28). The BusinessWeek/Interbrand Annual Ranking of the 2006 Best Global Brands [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.ourfishbowl.com/images/press_releases/IB_Press_Release_BGB06.pdf
10. Carr N. G. (2003), “IT Doesn’t Matter,” Harvard Business Review, 81 (5), 41-49.
11. Carr N. G. (2004), Does IT Matter? : Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.
12. Chesbrough, H. W. (2007), “Why Companies Should Have Open Business Model,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 48 (2), 22-28.
13. Ghosh, S. (1998), “Making Business Sense of the Internet,” Harvard Business Review, 76 (2), 126-135.
14. Google Inc. (2007, March 1). Google Annual Report 2006 [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:
http://investor.google.com/pdf/2006_Google_AnnualReport.pdf
15. Hoffman, D. L. and Novak, T. P. (1996), “Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations,” Journal of Marketing, 60 (3), 50-68.
16. Hoffman, D. L. and Novak, T. P. (1997), “A New Marketing Paradigm for Electronic Commerce”, The Information Society, 13 (1), 43-54.
17. Howard S. and Fingar, P. (2003), IT Doesn`t Matter - Business Processes Do: A Critical Analysis of Nicholas Carr`s I.T. Article in the Harvard Business Review. Tampa, Fla.: Meghan-Kiffer Press.
18. Interactive Advertising Bureau. (2007, June 6). Internet Advertising Revenues Soar Again, near $5 Billion in Q1 07 [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 10, 2007, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.iab.net/news/pr_2007_06_06.asp
19. Iyer, G., Ravindran, S., and Reckers, P. M. J. (2006), “Procurement of IT Consulting Services and Firm-Specific Characteristics,” Journal of the Association for Information System, 7 (4), 207-239.
20. Jacobides, M. G., Knudsen, T., and Augier, M. (2006), “Benefiting from Innovation: Value Creation, Value Appropriation and the Role of Industry Architectures,” Research Policy, 35 (8), 1200-1221.
21. Kalakota, R. and Whinston, A. B. (1996), Frontier of Electronic Commerce. Reading, MA: Addision-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
22. Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C. (1985), “Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility,” American Economic Review, 75 (3), 424-440.
23. Lepak, D. P., Smith, K. G., and Taylor, M. S. (2007), “Value Creation and Value Capture: A Multilevel Perspective,” Academy of Management Review, 32 (1), 180-194.
24. McAfee, A. (2005), “Will Web Services Really Transform Collaboration?” MIT Sloan Management Review, 46 (2), 78-84.
25. Melville, N., Kraemer, K., and Gurbaxzni, V. (2004), “Review: Information Technology and Organizational Performance: An Integrative Model of IT Business Value,” MIS Quarterly, 28 (2), 283-322.
26. Netcraft. (2007, May 1). May 2007 Web Server Survey [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:
http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2007/05/01/may_2007_web_server_survey.html
27. NetRatings, Inc. (2007, May 21). Nielsen//NetRatings Announces April U.S. Search Share Rankings [Announcement]. New York: Bausch, S. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.nielsen-netratings.com/pr/pr_070521.pdf
28. Oz, E. (2005), “Information Technology Productivity: in Search of a Definite Observation,” Information & Management, 42 (6), 789-798.
29. Rayport, J. F. and Sviokla, J. J. (1995), “Exploiting the Virtual Value Chain,” Harvard Business Review, 73 (6), 75-85.
30. Szuprowicz, B. (1998), Extranet and Intranet: E-Commerce Business Strategies for the Future. Charleston, SC: Computer Technology Research Corp.
31. Tapscott, D. (1996), The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
32. Vise, D. A. and Malseed, M. (2005), The Google Story. London: Macmillan.
33. Vlosky, R. P. (1999), “E-Business in the Forest Products Industry,” Forest Products Journal, 49 (10), 12-21.
34. Von Versen, K. (1998), “The Three Commercial Functions of Internet,” Electronic Markets, 8 (4), 25-29.
35. Yoffie, D. B. and Kwak, M. (2006), “With Friends Like These - The Art of Managing Complementors,” Harvard Business Review, 84 (9), 88-98.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
94355062
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094355062
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 郭更生zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 詹傑麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chan, Chieh-Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 詹傑麟zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chan, Chieh-Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:49:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:49:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:49:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094355062en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29899-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94355062zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 從歷史觀點來分析,當一項專屬科技可促成企業以嶄新且更有效率的方式營運,並創造其競爭優勢且獲得巨大利益,便會造成競爭者競相模仿,進而導致市場廣泛的變化,但也使得此項科技變成共有和標準化的商品化資源,成為一種架構科技,而企業便無法從架構科技上建立策略優勢。如同鐵路、電報、電力與高速公路等過去的架構科技相同,資訊科技也漸漸地成為共有和標準化的商品化資源,成為新的架構科技。但從不同的角度來看,已商品化的資訊科技只是企業建立資訊科技資源的一部份,企業仍可藉由有效率地運用、人力資源的搭配或與後端流程的整合,來創造企業的競爭優勢。而本研究是從專屬科技與架構科技的觀點出發,藉由對Google案例的分析,來歸納了解專屬科技與架構科技是如何搭配與互動,進而創造價值並獲取價值。
     自網際網路解除商業使用限制以來,運用網際網路以嶄新且更有效率的方式營運的企業便不斷地增加,網際網路也儼然成為一新的架構科技。而成立於1998年Google以專屬的搜尋引擎技術,建構在網際網路的架構科技上,因其卓越的搜尋技術成為了網際網路上最受歡迎的搜尋引擎。Google的搜尋引擎為網際網路使用者創造了價值,卻無法因此而獲取價值,但藉由搜尋與線上廣告的結合使得Google持續創造大量的營收與獲利,而成為廿一世紀初最成功的企業之一。
     藉由個案的分析與歸納,本研究獲得下列命題:
     1. 架構科技為專屬科技提供價值創造的環境,也為專屬科技帶來潛在的資源與市場。當架構科技的使用者愈多時,專屬科技所能獲得的潛在資源與市場規模也愈大。而當專屬科技能提供給架構科技使用者愈多價值時,也能為架構科技帶來愈多使用者。
     2. 架構科技與專屬科技可增加彼此在使用者心中的價值,其為互補性關係。當專屬與架構科技間的互補程度愈高時,表示其所創造的價值愈高。
     3. 專屬科技可能必須結合其他建構於架構科技上的互補專屬科技,才能從所創造的價值中獲取價值。當專屬科技的不可取代性愈高時,其所獲取的價值愈高。
     4. 使用專屬科技建構系統時,需要搭配利用其他互補科技,當利用的架構科技愈多時,其系統成本愈低,彈性愈高。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究目的與架構 1
     第三節 研究方法 4
     第二章 文獻探討 5
     第一節 專屬科技與架構科技 5
     第二節 科技互動的價值 8
     第三節 網際網路 10
     第三章 個案研究-Google公司 14
     第一節 Google公司簡介 14
     第二節 搜尋引擎的歷史 17
     第三節 Google公司提供的產品服務 19
     第四節 Google的專屬技術 24
     第五節 Google公司的財務表現 26
     第六節 Google面對的競爭環境 30
     第四章 個案分析與命題發展 33
     第一節 專屬科技與架構科技的互動關係 33
     第二節 影響價值的因素 36
     第三節 命題發展 40
     第五章 結論與建議 42
     第一節 結論 42
     第二節 實務建議 43
     第三節 研究限制 44
     第四節 後續研究建議 44
     參考文獻 45
     國內文獻 45
     國外文獻 46
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094355062en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專屬科技zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 架構科技zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互動關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網際網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Googleen_US
dc.title (題名) 專屬科技與架構科技互動關係之研究-以Google與網際網路為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Research on Interaction between Proprietary Technology and Infrastructural Technology-A Case Study of Google and Interneten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國內文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L.(民90)。電子化策略與經營模式(呂執中譯)。臺北市:麥格羅希爾。(原著出版年:2001年)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Battelle, J.(民95)。搜尋未來:Google和對手正在改寫商業規則與人類文化(陳琇玲譯)。臺北市:商周出版。(原著出版年:2005年)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Carr, N. G.(民93)。IT有什麼明天?:資訊科技及消失中的競爭優勢(杜默譯)。臺北市:大塊文化。(原著出版年:2004年)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Vise, D. A. & Malseed, M.(民95)。翻動世界的Google(蕭美惠、林秀津譯)。臺北市:時報文化。(原著出版年:2005年)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Yin, R. K.(民90)。個案研究法(尚榮安譯)。台北市:弘智文化出版。(原著出版年:1994年)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. 林孟暉(民93)。企業網際網絡之運用及市場導向程度對組織績效之影響探討。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國外文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Adner, R. (2006), “Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem,” Harvard Business Review, 84 (4), 98-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Afuah, A. and Tucci, C. L. (2001), Internet Business Models and Strategies: Text and Cases. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Angehrn, A. (1997), “Designing Mature Internet Business Strategies: The ICDI Model,” European Management Journal, 15 (4), 361-369.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Arnold, S. E. (2005), The Google Legacy. Tetbury, England: Infonortics.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Basu, A., Mazumdar, T., and Raj, S. P. (2003), “Indirect Network Externality Effects on Product Attributes,” Marketing Science, 22 (2), 209-221.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Battelle, J. (2005), The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. New York: Portfolio.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Bhatt, G. D. and Grover, V. (2005), “Types of Information Technology Capabilities and Their Role in Competitive Advantage: An empirical Study,” Journal of Management Information System, 22 (2), 253-277.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Bowman, C. and Amrosini, V. (2000), “Value Creation versus Value Capture: Towards a Coherent Definition of Value in Strategy,” British Journal of Management, 11 (1), 1-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. BusinessWeek/Interbrand. (2006, July 28). The BusinessWeek/Interbrand Annual Ranking of the 2006 Best Global Brands [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.ourfishbowl.com/images/press_releases/IB_Press_Release_BGB06.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Carr N. G. (2003), “IT Doesn’t Matter,” Harvard Business Review, 81 (5), 41-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Carr N. G. (2004), Does IT Matter? : Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Chesbrough, H. W. (2007), “Why Companies Should Have Open Business Model,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 48 (2), 22-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Ghosh, S. (1998), “Making Business Sense of the Internet,” Harvard Business Review, 76 (2), 126-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Google Inc. (2007, March 1). Google Annual Report 2006 [Announcement]. Retrieved Jun 5, 2007, from the World Wide Web:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://investor.google.com/pdf/2006_Google_AnnualReport.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Hoffman, D. L. and Novak, T. P. (1996), “Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations,” Journal of Marketing, 60 (3), 50-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Hoffman, D. L. and Novak, T. P. (1997), “A New Marketing Paradigm for Electronic Commerce”, The Information Society, 13 (1), 43-54.zh_TW
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