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題名 研發支出與分析師預測關聯性之研究:產業專精度之影響
作者 李慧珍
Hui-Chen,Lee
貢獻者 金成隆
李慧珍
Hui-Chen,Lee
關鍵詞 分析師預測
研發費用
產業專家
Analyst forecast
R&D
Industry expertise
日期 2006
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 17:25:32 (UTC+8)
摘要 分析師扮演著公司與投資大眾之間的資訊中介者角色。本文旨在探討企業研發支出對分析師預測品質的影響,以及企業聘雇屬於產業專家會計師是否能夠緩和研發支出所引發的盈餘管理及代理問題,並進而改善分析師預測品質。本文援引Balsam (2003)之定義,計算會計師事務所於各產業之市場佔有率(auditor industry market share)。作為產業專家之代理變數。實證結果發現:(1)分析師離散性與整合分析師間私有利益的程度,與公司研發費用多寡有關。研發費用愈高的公司,分析師的離散程度及整合分析師間的私有利益也愈高;(2)透過產業專家查核,可以緩和研發費用支出所引發的盈餘操縱及代理問題,因此研究發展費用透過產業專家會計師查核,可以提升企業的會計盈餘資訊品質,以降低分析師盈餘預測的離散程度及降低分析師間整合私有資訊的利益。
Analysts, as an informational intermediary, produce research reports that include forecasts of future earnings, thus fulfill an important role in capital market. The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between analyst forecast’s quality and firm’s R&D expenditure. Recent work has hypothesized that intangible assets affect analyst forecast’s quality. Extending this literature, we hypothesized that firm seek to reduce the degree of earnings’ management and agency’s cost from R&D expenditure by retaining high quality auditor firms, auditor industry expertise, and then increase analyst forecast’s quality. We measure auditor industry expertise based on Balsam (2003). We find that more R&D expenditure increases analyst forecast’s dispersion and enhances the benefits of aggregating individual analysts’ forecasts. Consistent with our hypothesis, we document that auditor industry expertise can mitigate the degree of earnings’ management and agency’s cost from R&D expenditure. We also find that firms retaining auditor industry expertise are more likely to enhance the accounting information quality, decrease analyst forecast’s dispersion, and eliminate the benefits of aggregating individual analysts’ forecasts.
參考文獻 歐進士,1998,我國企業研究發展與經營績效之實證研究。中山管理評論,第六卷第二期:357-386。
金成隆、林修葳與林憶樺,2000,台灣上市電子公司研究發展費用與強制性盈餘預測關聯性之實證研究。管理學報,第17期:711-738。
會計研究發展基金會,「中華民國財務會計準則公報第三十七號」。
Aboody, D., and B. Lev. 2000. Information asymmetry R&D and insider gains. The Journal of Finance 55:2747-2766.
Anwer, S. A., S. M. K. Nainar, and J. Zhou. 2005. Do Analysts` Earnings Forecasts Fully Reflect the Information in Accruals? Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 22(December): 329-342.
Atiase, R. 1985. Pre-disclosure information, firm capitalization, and security price behavior around financial report releases. Journal of Accounting Research 23(Spring): 21–36.
Baber, W. R., P. M. Fairfield, and J. A. Haggard. 1991. The effect of concern about reported income on discretionary spending decisions: The case of research and development. The Accounting Review 66(4): 818-829.
Balsam, S., J. Krishnan, and J. S. Yang. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and earnings quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 22(September): 71-97.
Barron, O., and P. Stuerke. 1998a. Dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts as a measure of uncertainty. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 13 (Summer): 243-268.
, O. Kim, S. Lim, and D. Stevens. 1998b Using analysts’ forecasts to measure properties of analysts’ information environment. The Accounting Review 73(October): 421-33.
, D. Byard, C. Kile, and E. J. Riedl. 2001. High-technology intangibles and analyst’s forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 40(May): 289-311.
, and O. Kim. 2002. Changes in analysts’ information around earnings announcement. The Accounting Review 77(4), 821-846.
Barth, M., R. Kasznik. 1999. Share repurchases and intangible assets. Journal of Accounting and Economics 28(December): 211-241.
, and M. McNichols. 2001. Analyst coverage and intangible assets. Journal of Accounting Research 39: 1-34.
Becker, C., M. DeFond, J. Jiambalvo, and K. Subramanyam. 1998. The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research 15(Spring): 1-24.
Bedard, J., and S. Biggs. 1991. The effect of domain-specific experience on evaluation of management representation in analytical procedures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 10(Suppl.): 77-95.
Brown, L., and J. Han. 1992. The Impact of annual earnings announcements on convergence of beliefs. The Accounting Review 67(October): 150-156.
Carcello, J., and A. Nagy. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and fraudulent financial reporting. Working Paper, University of Tennessee and John Carroll University.
Craswell, J., R. Francis, and S. L. Taylor. 1995. Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations. Journal of Accounting and Economics 20: 297-322.
DeAngelo, L. E. 1981. Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3(3): 183-199.
Dechow, P., and R. Sloan. 1991. Executive incentives and the horizon problem: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting and economics 14(March): 51-89.
DeFond, M., J. Francis, and T. Wong. 2000. Auditor industry specialization and market segmentation: Evidence from Hong Kong. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 19(Spring): 49-66.
Dopuch, N., and D. A. Simunic. 1982. The competition in auditing: An assessment. In Urbana-Champaign.
Dunn, K. A., B. W. Mayhew, and S. G. Morsfield. 2000. Auditor industry specialization and client disclosure quality. Working paper, Baruch college of city University of New York, University of Wisconsin, and The Capital Markets Company.
Eichenseher, J. and P. Danos, 1981. The analysis of industry-specific auditor concentration: Towards an explanatory model. The Accounting Review 56 (July): 479-492.
Francis, J., R., E. Maydew, and H. C. Sparks. 1999. The role of big 6 auditors in the credible reporting of accruals. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 18: 17-34.
, R. Kenneth, and W. Dechun. 2006. National versus office-specific measures of auditor industry expertise and effects on client earnings quality. Working Paper, University of Missouri, Louisiana State University, University of Nebraska.
Greene, W. H. 2002. Econometric analysis. 5Th. New York:Prentice Hall.
Godfrey, M. J., and J. Hamilton. 2005. The Impact of R&D intensity on demand for specialist auditor services. Contemporary Accounting Research 22(1): 56 - 93
Gu, Z. 2005. Measuring the precision of analysts’ common and private information: Generalization and an application. Working paper, Carnegie Mellon University.
Healy, P., and K. Palepu. 1993. The effect of firms’ financial disclosure strategies on stock prices. Accounting Horizons 7: 1-11.
. 1995. The challenges of investor communication: The case of CUC international, Inc. Journal of Financial Economics 38(June): 111-140.
Ho, L. C. J., J. M. Hassell, and S. Swidler. 1995. An empirical examination of the dispersion and accuracy of analyst forecasts surrounding option listing. Review of Financial Economics 4: 171-185.
Hope, O. K. 2003. Accounting policy disclosures and analysts’ forecasts. Contemporary Accounting 20: 295-321.
, and T. Kang 2005. The association between macroeconomic uncertainty and analysts’ forecast accuracy. Journal of International Accounting Research4(1): 23-38.
Horngren C.T., C. Foster, and S. Datar. 1997. Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis.7th. Prentice-Hall international limited, London.
Johnson P., K. Jamal, and R. Berryman. 1991. Effects of framing on auditor decisions. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(October): 75-105.
Jensen, M. C., and W. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(October): 305-360.
. 1993. The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. Journal of Finance 48: 831-880.
Joseph P., H. Fan, and T. J. Wong. 2004. Do external auditors perform a corporate governance role in emerging markets? Evidence from east asia. Journal of Accounting Research 43(March): 35-64.
King, R., G. Pownall, and G. Waymire. 1990. Expectations adjustments via timely management forecasts: review, synthesis, and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature 9: 113–44.
Krishnan, G. 2003. Does big 6 auditor industry expertise constrain earnings management. Accounting Horizons 17(Suppl.): 1-16.
. 2006. The association between big 6 auditor industry expertise and the
asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance (Suppl.):1-16
Lang, M., and R. Lundholm. 1993. Cross-sectional determinants of analysts ratings of corporate disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research 31: 246-271.
_______________________ 1996. Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior. The Accounting Review 71: 467-492.
Lev, B., and T. Sougiannis. 1996. The capitalization, amortization, and vale-relevance of R&D. Journal of Accounting and economics 21(February): 107-138.
______, and P. Zarowin. The boundaries of financial reporting and how to extend them. Journal of Accounting Research 37(Autumn): 353-385.
Lo, K. 2003. Economic consequences of regulated changes in disclosure: the case of executive compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 35: 285-314.
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Markoff, J. 1990. A corporate lag in research funds is causing worry. New York Times 139 (January 23): A1, D6.
O`Brien, P., and R. Bhushan. 1990. Analyst following and institutional ownership. Journal of Accounting Research 28: 55-82.
O’Keefe, T., R. King, and K. Gaver. 1994. Audit fees, industry specialization, and compliance with GAAS Reporting Standards. Auditing: A Journal of Practice &Theory 13(Fall): 41–55.
Owhoso, V. E., W. F. Messier, and J. G. Lynch, 2002, Error Detection by Industry-Specialized Teams During Sequential Audit Review, Journal of Accounting Research 40: 883-900.
Parkash, M., D. S. Dhaliwal, and W. K. Salatka. 1995. How certain firm-specific characteristics affect the accuracy and dispersion of analysts’ forecasts: A latent Variables Approach. Journal of Business Research 34:161-169.
Penman, S. H. 2001. Financial statement analysis and security valuation. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston.
Perry, S., and R. Grinaker. 1994. Earnings expectations and discretionary research and development spending. Accounting Horizons (December):43-51.
Rajgopal S., T. Shevlin, and M. Venkatachalam. 2003. Does the stock market fully appreciate the implications of leading indicators for future earnings? Evidence from order backlog. Review of Accounting Studies 8(4): 461-492.
Reed, M. P. 1997. Two empirical studies on the effects of earnings management objectives and tax incentives on advertising, research and development and capital expenditures. Working Paper, Un Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International Dissertation Services, A Bell & Howell Co.
Richardson, V. J. 1997. An empirical investigation of the relationship between information asymmetry and earnings management. Unpublished Dissertation (Illinois University).
Skinner, D.J. 1993. The investment opportunity set and accounting procedure choice. Journal of Accounting and economics16: 407-445.
Solomon, I., M. Shields and R. Whittington. 1999. What do industry-specialist auditors know? Journal of Accounting Research 37(Spring): 191–208.
Stickel, S.1989. The timing of and incentives for annual earnings forecasts near interim financial report releases. Journal of Accounting and Economics 11(July): 275–92.
Subramanyam, K. R. 1996, The pricing of discretionary accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics 22(1-3): 249-281.
Watts, R. 1977. Corporate financial statements: A product of the market and political processes. Australian Journal of Management: 52-75.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
94353001
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094353001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 金成隆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李慧珍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hui-Chen,Leeen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李慧珍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hui-Chen,Leeen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 17:25:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 17:25:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 17:25:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094353001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30191-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94353001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 分析師扮演著公司與投資大眾之間的資訊中介者角色。本文旨在探討企業研發支出對分析師預測品質的影響,以及企業聘雇屬於產業專家會計師是否能夠緩和研發支出所引發的盈餘管理及代理問題,並進而改善分析師預測品質。本文援引Balsam (2003)之定義,計算會計師事務所於各產業之市場佔有率(auditor industry market share)。作為產業專家之代理變數。實證結果發現:(1)分析師離散性與整合分析師間私有利益的程度,與公司研發費用多寡有關。研發費用愈高的公司,分析師的離散程度及整合分析師間的私有利益也愈高;(2)透過產業專家查核,可以緩和研發費用支出所引發的盈餘操縱及代理問題,因此研究發展費用透過產業專家會計師查核,可以提升企業的會計盈餘資訊品質,以降低分析師盈餘預測的離散程度及降低分析師間整合私有資訊的利益。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Analysts, as an informational intermediary, produce research reports that include forecasts of future earnings, thus fulfill an important role in capital market. The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between analyst forecast’s quality and firm’s R&D expenditure. Recent work has hypothesized that intangible assets affect analyst forecast’s quality. Extending this literature, we hypothesized that firm seek to reduce the degree of earnings’ management and agency’s cost from R&D expenditure by retaining high quality auditor firms, auditor industry expertise, and then increase analyst forecast’s quality. We measure auditor industry expertise based on Balsam (2003). We find that more R&D expenditure increases analyst forecast’s dispersion and enhances the benefits of aggregating individual analysts’ forecasts. Consistent with our hypothesis, we document that auditor industry expertise can mitigate the degree of earnings’ management and agency’s cost from R&D expenditure. We also find that firms retaining auditor industry expertise are more likely to enhance the accounting information quality, decrease analyst forecast’s dispersion, and eliminate the benefits of aggregating individual analysts’ forecasts.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 研究問題 5
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 分析師預測與研發費用支出 6
     第二節 產業專家會計師事務所與研發費用支出 8
     第三章 研究方法 11
     第一節 研究假說 11
     第二節 實證模型 16
     第三節 變數定義與衡量 18
     第四節 資料來源與樣本篩選 21
     第四章 實證分析與結果 23
     第一節 敘述性統計量 23
     第二節 相關性檢定 25
     第三節 迴歸結果分析 31
     第四節 敏感性分析 35
     第五章 研究結論與建議 40
     第一節 研究結論與貢獻 40
     第二節 研究限制與建議 41
     參考文獻 42
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094353001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分析師預測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 研發費用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業專家zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Analyst forecasten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) R&Den_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry expertiseen_US
dc.title (題名) 研發支出與分析師預測關聯性之研究:產業專精度之影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 歐進士,1998,我國企業研究發展與經營績效之實證研究。中山管理評論,第六卷第二期:357-386。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 金成隆、林修葳與林憶樺,2000,台灣上市電子公司研究發展費用與強制性盈餘預測關聯性之實證研究。管理學報,第17期:711-738。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 會計研究發展基金會,「中華民國財務會計準則公報第三十七號」。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aboody, D., and B. Lev. 2000. Information asymmetry R&D and insider gains. The Journal of Finance 55:2747-2766.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anwer, S. A., S. M. K. Nainar, and J. Zhou. 2005. Do Analysts` Earnings Forecasts Fully Reflect the Information in Accruals? Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 22(December): 329-342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atiase, R. 1985. Pre-disclosure information, firm capitalization, and security price behavior around financial report releases. Journal of Accounting Research 23(Spring): 21–36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baber, W. R., P. M. Fairfield, and J. A. Haggard. 1991. The effect of concern about reported income on discretionary spending decisions: The case of research and development. The Accounting Review 66(4): 818-829.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Balsam, S., J. Krishnan, and J. S. Yang. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and earnings quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 22(September): 71-97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barron, O., and P. Stuerke. 1998a. Dispersion in analysts’ earnings forecasts as a measure of uncertainty. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 13 (Summer): 243-268.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , O. Kim, S. Lim, and D. Stevens. 1998b Using analysts’ forecasts to measure properties of analysts’ information environment. The Accounting Review 73(October): 421-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , D. Byard, C. Kile, and E. J. Riedl. 2001. High-technology intangibles and analyst’s forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 40(May): 289-311.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , and O. Kim. 2002. Changes in analysts’ information around earnings announcement. The Accounting Review 77(4), 821-846.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barth, M., R. Kasznik. 1999. Share repurchases and intangible assets. Journal of Accounting and Economics 28(December): 211-241.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , and M. McNichols. 2001. Analyst coverage and intangible assets. Journal of Accounting Research 39: 1-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, C., M. DeFond, J. Jiambalvo, and K. Subramanyam. 1998. The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research 15(Spring): 1-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bedard, J., and S. Biggs. 1991. The effect of domain-specific experience on evaluation of management representation in analytical procedures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 10(Suppl.): 77-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, L., and J. Han. 1992. The Impact of annual earnings announcements on convergence of beliefs. The Accounting Review 67(October): 150-156.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carcello, J., and A. Nagy. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and fraudulent financial reporting. Working Paper, University of Tennessee and John Carroll University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craswell, J., R. Francis, and S. L. Taylor. 1995. Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations. Journal of Accounting and Economics 20: 297-322.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DeAngelo, L. E. 1981. Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3(3): 183-199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dechow, P., and R. Sloan. 1991. Executive incentives and the horizon problem: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting and economics 14(March): 51-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DeFond, M., J. Francis, and T. Wong. 2000. Auditor industry specialization and market segmentation: Evidence from Hong Kong. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 19(Spring): 49-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dopuch, N., and D. A. Simunic. 1982. The competition in auditing: An assessment. In Urbana-Champaign.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dunn, K. A., B. W. Mayhew, and S. G. Morsfield. 2000. Auditor industry specialization and client disclosure quality. Working paper, Baruch college of city University of New York, University of Wisconsin, and The Capital Markets Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eichenseher, J. and P. Danos, 1981. The analysis of industry-specific auditor concentration: Towards an explanatory model. The Accounting Review 56 (July): 479-492.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Francis, J., R., E. Maydew, and H. C. Sparks. 1999. The role of big 6 auditors in the credible reporting of accruals. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 18: 17-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , R. Kenneth, and W. Dechun. 2006. National versus office-specific measures of auditor industry expertise and effects on client earnings quality. Working Paper, University of Missouri, Louisiana State University, University of Nebraska.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greene, W. H. 2002. Econometric analysis. 5Th. New York:Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Godfrey, M. J., and J. Hamilton. 2005. The Impact of R&D intensity on demand for specialist auditor services. Contemporary Accounting Research 22(1): 56 - 93zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gu, Z. 2005. Measuring the precision of analysts’ common and private information: Generalization and an application. Working paper, Carnegie Mellon University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Healy, P., and K. Palepu. 1993. The effect of firms’ financial disclosure strategies on stock prices. Accounting Horizons 7: 1-11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) . 1995. The challenges of investor communication: The case of CUC international, Inc. Journal of Financial Economics 38(June): 111-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ho, L. C. J., J. M. Hassell, and S. Swidler. 1995. An empirical examination of the dispersion and accuracy of analyst forecasts surrounding option listing. Review of Financial Economics 4: 171-185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hope, O. K. 2003. Accounting policy disclosures and analysts’ forecasts. Contemporary Accounting 20: 295-321.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) , and T. Kang 2005. The association between macroeconomic uncertainty and analysts’ forecast accuracy. Journal of International Accounting Research4(1): 23-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Horngren C.T., C. Foster, and S. Datar. 1997. Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis.7th. Prentice-Hall international limited, London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson P., K. Jamal, and R. Berryman. 1991. Effects of framing on auditor decisions. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(October): 75-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C., and W. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(October): 305-360.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) . 1993. The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. Journal of Finance 48: 831-880.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Joseph P., H. Fan, and T. J. Wong. 2004. Do external auditors perform a corporate governance role in emerging markets? Evidence from east asia. Journal of Accounting Research 43(March): 35-64.zh_TW
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