學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 胎兒與懷孕女性生命內在價值的權衡-德沃金與康奈爾的同與異
Balance of the Intrinsic Values of Life between Fetus and Mother-to-Be-Similarities and Dissimilarities between Dworkin and Cornell
作者 洪絹閔
Hung,Chuan-Min
貢獻者 陳起行
Chen,Chi-Shin
洪絹閔
Hung,Chuan-Min
關鍵詞 墮胎
胎兒
女性身體自主權
德沃金
康奈爾
後現代
abortion
fetus
female
Dworkin
Cornell
postmodern
日期 2005
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 11:12:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 自1970年代開始,「女性生殖(身體)自主權」的呼聲-爭取的主要是所謂的墮胎權-即伴隨著婦女運動的萌芽與發展,而始終具有一定的能見度,甚至成為婦女運動的主要訴求之一;與之相對(或者是對立)的,則是捍衛胎兒(胚胎)生命權的另一方。時至今日,與生殖自主權相關的墮胎爭議方興未艾,仍舊為法律爭議的焦點以及核心議題;另一方面,由於當代的醫療以及科學在技術上的進步與突破,雖一方面賦與了生殖更多的可能性,同時,也帶來了許多亟待解決的問題。無論是已紛擾半個世紀之久的墮胎權爭議,或者是被歸類為新興議題的生殖科技相關議題,概括觀之,這兩項爭議的論辯主軸,皆能夠廣義的包含在「生殖自由」-主張與生殖相關的私密行為,應交由個人自由決定,故必須盡可能地減少任何形式的干涉,以及「對於人類生命(human life)的保護」-主張應賦予任何形式的人類生命最低限度的生命權保障,或者至少為某種生命倫理的概念所約束,因而不應全然地任由個人恣意決定,這兩個彼此相互衝突的上位概念之下。
     
       在《生命領域》(Life’s Dominion)一書的前半部,德沃金(Ronald Dworkin)由墮胎爭議出發,提出超越選擇權(pro-choice)與生命權(pro-life)的折衷觀點,主張無論是懷孕女性或者是胎兒(胚胎),其生命的神聖性與生命的內在價值,皆應納入考量並同時予以尊重,試圖為當代已陷入對立僵局的墮胎爭議,尋求某種和解之道。而康奈爾(Drucilla Cornell)所抱持的後現代女性主義立場則格外強調,墮胎爭議的論辯與解決,必須有女性觀點與意見的加入、甚至必須全盤採納,期能以更設身處地的方式,探討女性在社會以及性別結構中的處境,並聚焦於女性面臨墮胎決定時的兩難困境,為原本中性(neutral)、超然的墮胎爭議,帶入不可忽視的經驗性面向的討論。
     
       德沃金與康奈爾皆分別針對墮胎爭議,提出其各自的看法與意見,而兩者所採取的立場以及所支持的見解,則各有其獨到之處;此外,德沃金與康奈爾在具體的墮胎爭議中所顯現的態度與提出的主張,也反映了德沃金與康奈爾其各自理論在立論基礎上的類似點以及相異之處。比較兩者理論的異同,對於我們以有別於以往的視野,觀照墮胎爭議的論辯-尤其在自主個人與社群關係的連結、針對正義理論所進行的反省,以及對於法律體系的架構與本質所採取的觀點等面向上,格外有所裨益;大致上來說,德沃金乃以自由主義脈絡及其整全性理論為基調,探討上述幾個理論發展的軸線,康奈爾則是以女性主義與後現代的角度,對這些議題進行處理。在針對墮胎爭議而提出的具體主張中,德沃金與康奈爾的相關論述所各自蘊含的深厚理論基礎,不僅開拓了墮胎議題討論的深度與廣度;另一方面,在墮胎爭議的論辯中,德沃金與康奈爾所採取的觀點以及立論基礎,亦提供了我們在處理當代生殖科技發展所帶來的新爭議時,一些重要的思考切入點與紛爭解決的大方向。
 Since the 1970`s, the right of women’s reproductive self-determination has been put forward as one of the principal claim along with the developments of women’s liberation movements. Against this stream, those who defend right to life of fetus (embryo) called “pro-life” camp are in opposite position. Up to now, the controversy over "pro-choice" and “pro-life” is still clamoring. Besides, “abortion” as an important subject of debate is also what legal disputes focus on. On the other hand, the progress of the contemporary science, technology, and medical treatments even make reproduction techniques advance, thus create more possibilities on reproduction. Accompanied with such developments, lots of issues about new reproductive technologies are brought about and call for immediate solutions. Arguments on abortion which have assailed for a half century as well as reproductive technologies developing in recent decades and approximately esteemed as newly arisen subjects; in general, whether abortion disputes or new issues of reproductive technologies are both involved in the following superordinate but conflict concepts: First, “reproductive self-determination”, which asserts that all decisions on reproduction should ensue from personal choice and reduce any form of control as possible. Second, "protection of human life", which advocates that human life of any form owns the right to life to a certain extent, thus should be guaranteed.
     
      In Ronald Dworkin’s Life’s Dominion, Dworkin offers a compromised standpoint on the controversy of abortion, claiming that whether the expectant mother or the fetus (embryo) should both be given the respect of "the sanctity of life". Dworkin attempts to attain certain agreement on abortion issues rather than variance. Different from Dworkin’s devoting himself to eliminating the antagonism between “pro-choice” and “pro-life”, as a postmodern feminist, Drucilla Cornell emphasizes on the female perspective, concerning about female’s predicament in the gender structure in particular. While applying her abstract notions to concrete abortion issues, Cornell focuses on the dilemma which nearly every female should confront while making the abortion decision. This insight of Cornell brings the "neutral" abortion controversy into more profound discussions. Dworkin and Cornell state their opinions on abortion controversy respectively, and each of their statement is original and simultaneously reflects different foundations on which their theories are based behind concrete abortion issues. Discussions on similarities and dissimilarities of theories between Dworkin and Cornell not only help to regard abortion issues in a different and brand new way, but also expand the widths and depths of the discussions on abortion disputes: Particularly, the relation between the individual and the community, the gender consciousness which Cornell stresses on, theories of judgments and legal structures, and so on. Broadly speaking, Dworkin proceeds his statements from liberalism and his theory of integrity; on the contrary, Cornell sets out from points of view of feminism and postmodernism. Finally, put issues from abortion towards the developments of the contemporary reproductive technologies, the main foundations and argumentations which Dworkin and Cornell provide for abortion debates may also guide us to deal with issues of developments of the contemporary reproductive technologies.
"第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................1
     第一節 前言………………….…………………………………………………1
         一、生殖議題的特殊性:切身性與影響範圍的全面性………….……..1
         二、墮胎爭議:紛擾半個世紀的焦點議題……………………….……..2
           (一)墮胎爭議的特殊性之一-不可妥協性…………………………2
     (二)墮胎爭議的特殊性之二-時間上的急迫性……………………3
     三、生殖議題的開展…….…………………………..…………….……...3
     第二節 研究動機與目的…..……….…….……………………………....…….5
     一、研究動機……….….…………..……………………………...……...5
     (一)歷久彌新的墮胎爭議-矛盾與衝突的結合…………..………..5
     (二)墮胎權-女性身體自主權的核心指標…...………..….………..6
     (三)解決生殖科技相關紛爭的線索:以墮胎爭議為起點…..……..6
     二、研究目的........................... ..................................................................7
     第三節 問題意識……..…..………….………….………………....…..…… .11
     一、傳統定義下的公領域-一個女性缺席的場合….…….…………..11
     二、自主個人與社群之間的連結…...……….……….………………...12
       三、法律穩定性與法律適應性之間的權衡...……….…….…………...14
     第四節 研究方法與取材範圍….……………….…………..….…………….15
     一、研究方法……………………………………………...….………...15
     二、取材範圍…………………………………………....……………...16
     第二章 德沃金的嘗試:從對立到共識…...…………..…………...…….... ……….21
     第一節 生命領域(Life’s Dominion)………...……….....…..………….…...21
     一、前言………...………………….....…..……………………………....21
     二、生命的內在價值(intrinsic value of life)
     與生命的神聖性(the sanctity of life)……..……....……….……..23
     三、取代「衍伸路徑」(derivative approach)的
     「超然路徑」(detached approach)……...…..…………….…..…...26
     四、超然路徑的侷限…………………..…………………………………29
     (一)生命的「內在」價值(intrinsic value of life)?…..……........29
     (二)空洞的「生命的內在價值」概念…………..………..………....30
     (三)浪費生命投注(investment waste of life)的臨界點…...…......31
     (四)懷孕女性與胎兒(胚胎)之間生命神聖性的「權衡」?.......33
     (五)截然可分的衍伸價值與超然價值?…………….…..............…34
     (六)保守派與自由派的「共識」?…………..……....……..….......34
     第二節 政府進行墮胎管制的正當性基礎……………………………………36
     一、前言……..……..……………………………………………………..36
     二、原初地位(original position)概念下所展現的
     平等關切與尊重 (equal concern and respect)…..…..…………...37
     三、「包容」(tolerance)的界限……..………………..…………….......41
     四、「積極的」還是「消極的」平等關切與尊重?…..……..……..….42
     五、政府中立性在墮胎議題上的特殊性…………...….....………..…...45
     六、從衍伸路徑到超然路徑:曖昧不清政府的中立性界限..…....…...46
     (一)衍伸路徑觀點:墮胎為隱私權所保障的自由……..………….46
     (二)超然路徑觀點:墮胎與否的決定,為宗教自由所保障…..….47
     第三節 整全法的檢驗:對於生命神聖性與生命內在價值的尊重….…..….49
     一、前言………….…………………………………………..………...…49
     二、整全法(law as integrity)…………..……………….….……...…..50
     三、整全性理論及其本體性論證..……....………………….……...……53
      四、社群道德:法律正當性(legitimacy)的基礎?…..….…….…….57
       五、整全法的檢驗:生命的神聖性以及生命的內在價值……....…..…59
          (一)不合乎「符合」(fit)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….…...….…60
          (二)不合乎「實質」(substance)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….....62
       第四節 從三時期(trimesters)到實質障礙(substantial obstacle)
     與不當負擔(undue burden)…...….……...………………….…..…63
     一、生殖自主原則的建立………………………………………….…..…63
     二、整全法的檢驗:羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………....….…..…65
     三、與德沃金的超然路徑更為貼近的東南賓州計劃生育機構訴凱西
     案判決(Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v.
     Casey)……………………………………………………….......…..70
     (一)聯合意見要點…………..………………….………………....….70
         (二)對於生命的神聖性與生命的內在價值予以尊重的展現…...….71
     四、實質障礙與不當負擔:德沃金概念下的政府中立性……….….….73
     第五節 共同性基礎的找尋…………….……………………………….……...77
     一、從個人到群體的平等關切與尊重-對於真正社群的特別義務...…77
     二、為社群的道德共識所指引的整全法…….…………………......……78
     三、中立性的抽象層次-共同善的展現…………………………….….78
     四、企圖消弭保守派與自由派對立僵局的
     生命神聖性與生命內在價值…………………………………..……79
     五、小結….………………..……………………………………..….……79
     第三章 後現代主義與現代性的揉合……………………………………………....81
     第一節 康奈爾的自主個人概念-自由主義傳統的追本溯源……………....81
     一、前言…………..………………………………………………………81
     二、康奈爾對於自主個人的概念在基本預設上的轉變…….………….83
     三、回到自由主義的發端……………………...…………..…………….86
     四、消除古典自由主義理論中欠缺性別觀點的弊病……...…………...88
     五、小結…………..………………………………..……..….…………...90
     第二節 康奈爾理論中的後現代女性主義內涵……………..…….………….91
     一、前言…………….....…………………………….………….………...91
     二、後現代女性主義…...……..…………………….………….………...93
     (一)發展背景……...…………..…………………………….……….93
     (二)後現代主義對於女性主義法學的影響………...…..….……….95
     1.前言...………………………………………………….……....95
     2.權力-唯一的真實………...………………………….……....96
     3.拉岡的性別認同過程          
     -性別階級(gender hierarchy)的建立………….….............97
     4.性別階級的構築與維持-魯曼系統理論概念的借用............99
     (三)解構性別定義與二元對立…...…………..….……….…………101
     (四)性別-不再是種分類………...……………….…..….…………102
     三、小結……………………………...………………………….……….103
     第三節 後現代主義下所理解的法律概念以及裁判理論….....……..............104
     一、前言…………………………….………...…….…………………....104
     二、法律:永無止盡的詮釋…...…………….…….…………………....105
     (一)詮釋的多元性-德希達理論的借用………....………..............106
     1.雙重閱讀-一種負責任的閱讀態度…...……………………106
     2.分延(différance)…………………..…...………..……......108
     (二)突破傳統的時間概念-魯曼系統理論的借用……………....109
     三、對於正義的追尋………………………….………………..............111
     四、小結……………………………………….……………….…….....114
       第四節 負責任的裁判態度:以康奈爾的裁判理論檢驗實際案例……...115
     一、法官對於裁判所應負的責任……………….………….…..……...116
     (一)羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………………..………..........116
     (二)韋伯斯特訴生殖健康服務案
     (Webster v. Reproductive Health Services)…....….......…….117
     二、國王的新衣:法律的本質-暴力…………………….…………..119
     (一)包爾士訴哈維克案(Bowers v. Hardwick)………………....119
     (二)無根的法律暴力………...……….……………….....................121
     第五節 康奈爾理論的承襲與開創………………………………….............121
     一、以女性自主為出發點的理論建構...………..……..……...………121
     二、康奈爾概念下的想像領域以及解構理論的盲點…...…………...123
     (一)想像領域其視野的侷限性…..…………..…….……..............124
     (二)解構即正義?………..……….……………………………....125
     第四章 德沃金與康奈爾理論的一些比較……….…………….…………………129
     第一節 自主個人與社群連結…….………………….……………………....129
       一、前言…….………………………………….………………………..129
     二、自由主義脈絡底下的自主個人概念…….….…………………..…129
        三、德沃金與康奈爾概念下的自主個人-社群主義觀點的引入…....132
       四、平等關切與尊重原則下的自主個人概念………….…......…….....138
     第二節 不同的話音-從女性觀點出發的思考..………….……..……….....141
     一、前言…..….……………………………………………….................142
     二、自主個人的發展脈絡與歷程-女性經驗………...…….................143
       三、從形式到實質-對於自由、平等概念的省思…...…….................146
     四、走出「娃娃屋」-康奈爾實現女性正義的第一個步驟..………..147
     五、正視性別差異-康奈爾實現女性正義的第二個步驟................…150
     六、小結………………..…………………………………………….….152
     第三節 法律穩定性與適應性的權衡…..……….……………………….......154
     一、既有法律體制的存與廢..………………………………………..…154
     (一)既有的法律規範架構其規範權威性的基礎.…….……….......155
        (二)社群的道德共識可否作為規範權威性的正當性基礎?.....…157
     二、共同善即正義?…………………..……...………………..……….158
     (一)正義乃屬於(of)、並存在(in)於社群之中?…….….......158
     (二)消弭現存體制中的暴力:
            期待社群道德共識變遷或者逕予解構?…...……………….160
     三、對於社群共同善的疑慮…….………………....……………...…....162
     第五章 墮胎議題的延續-新世紀的生殖議題……..………..…………….…….165
       第一節 「人類生命」與「人」之間連結的鬆動...........……………………..165
     一、前言…..………………………..…………………..………………...165
     二、後現代與現代性的銜接….…………… .………..………………...167
     三、解除「以人為中心」與「主體客體二元對立」的思考…………168
     四、人類初期生命-非主體、亦非客體的曖昧地位
     (兼論人類生命定義的浮動性)………..…………….........……..170
     第二節「全新」的生殖科技議題?……….……..….…………..…….……..172
     一、超然價值概念下的思考……………………………..……………..173
     二、倫理個人主義(ethical individualism)…...…...……………...…..174
        三、政府中立性的界線-對於生殖科技的管制….……………….......175
     四、另一個審視生殖科技發展浪潮的切入點-女性身體自主權…....177
     參考文獻……………..……………………………………...…………...………....179
     
     "
參考文獻 (中文著作依照作者姓氏筆劃、英文著作依照作者姓氏字母先後順序排列)
中文書籍
01.朱瑞祥,(1998)。美國聯邦最高法院判例史程。台北:黎明。
02.江怡主編,(2004)。理性與啟蒙-後現代經典文選。北京:東方。
03.林立,(2002)。法學方法與德沃金。台北:學林。
04.紀欣,(2003)。生死一線間:安樂死與死刑制度的探討。台北:商周。
05.姚大志,(2000)。現代之後-20世紀晚期西方哲學。北京:東方。
06.費昌勇,(2002)。動物倫理與公共政策。台北:台灣商務。
07.楊大春,(1994)。解構理論。台北:揚志。
08.楊大春,(1995)。德希達。台北:生智。
09.蔡錚雲,(1995)。從現象學到後現代。台北:三民。
08. Cornell, Drucilla (1991). Sexual Difference, the Feminine, and Equivalency: A
   Critique of MacKinnon`s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. 100 Yale
   L.J. 2247.
09. Cornell, Drucilla (1992). A Symposium on Feminist Critical Legal Studies and
   Postmodernism: Part one: A Diversity of Influence: The Philosophy of the
Limit, Systems Theory and Feminist Legal Reform. 26 New Eng. L. Rev.
783.
10. Cornell, Drucilla (1995). Law and the Postmodern Mind: Rethinking the Beyond
   of the Real. 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 729.
02.沈清松(1999,4月)。從現代到後現代。哲學雜誌,第4期。
10.許家馨(1999)。法與道德-德沃京對法實證主義分離命題之批判。未出版碩
11. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). Freedom’s Conscience. 24 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc.
   Change 149.
12. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). Institutionalization of Meaning, Recollective
   Imagination and the Potential for Transformative Legal Interpretation. 136 U.
   Pa. L. Rev. 1135.
13. Crenshaw, Kimberle (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A
   Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and
   Antiracist Politics. 139 U. Chi. Legal F. 139.
14. Dailey, Anne C. (1993). Feminism’s Return to Liberalism. 102 Yale L.J. 1265.
15. Dolgin Janet L. (2004). Embryonic Discourse: Abortion, Stem Cells, and
士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。
03.李震山(1995,6月)。從憲法保障生命權及人性尊嚴之觀點論人工生殖。月旦法學雜誌,第2期。
   Cloning. 19 Issues in Law & Medicine 203.
16. Dresser, Rebecca (2001). Dementia Research: Ethics and Policy for Twenty-First
   Century. 35 Georgia Law Review 661.
17. Dworkin, Ronald (1985). The 1984 Mccorkle Lecture: Law’s Ambitions for
   Itself. 71 Va. L. Rev. 173.
18. Dworkin, Ronald (1989). Liberal Community. 77 Cal. L. Rev. 279.
19. Dworkin, Ronald (1989). Law, Community, and Moral Reasoning Liberal
   Community. 77 Calif. L. Rev. 479.
20. Dworkin, Ronald (1992). Exchange: the Concept of Unenumerated Rights:
11.許鴻城(1995)。從交易成本看安樂死與墮胎問題。未出版碩士論文,國立清華大學,新竹市。
   Whether and How Roe Should be Overruled. 59 U. Chi. L. Rev. 381.
04.李震山(2002,5月)。胚胎基因工程之法律涵意-以生命權保障為例。台大法學論叢,第31卷第3期。
21. Dworkin, Ronald (1996). Politics, Death, and Nature. 6 Health Matrix 20.
22. Dworkin, Ronald (1997). Fidelity in Constitutional Theory: Fidelity as Integrity:
   The Arduosus Virtue of Fidelity: Originalism, Scalia, Tribe, and Nerve. 65
   Fordham L. Rev. 1249.
23. Dworkin, Ronald (1998). Darwin’s New Bulldog. 111 Har. L. Rev. 1718.
24. Eichner, Maxine (2001). On Postmodern Feminist Legal Theory. 36 Harv.
   C.R.-C. L. L. Rev.1.
25. Elmer, Jerry (2002). Human Genomics: Toward a New Paradigm for
12.許昭元(2003)。論生殖性複製與生殖自由。未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。
   Equal-Protection Jurisprudence, Part I. 50 Rhode Island Bar Journal 5.
26. Faulkner, F. Barrett (2003). Applying Old Law through New Reproductive
05.李鎡堯(1995,6月)。國內人工生殖科技之現況。月旦法學雜誌,第2期。
   Technology. 2 Journal of High Technology Law 27.
27. Fellas, John (1993). Reconstruction Law’s Empire. 73 B.U.L. Rev. 715.
28. Garrison, Marsha (2003). Law Making for Baby Making: An Interpretive
   Approach to the Determination of Legal Parentage. 113 Harvard Law Review
 409.
29. Greenwood, Daniel J. H. (1994). Beyond Dworkin’s Dominions: Investments,
   Memberships, the Tree of Life, and the Abortion Questions. 72 Tex. L. Rev.
13.寇健文(1988)。美國保守運動之研究(1970-1980年代)。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。
 471.
30. Ginsberg, Ruth B. (1985). Some Thoughts on Autonomy and Equality in Relation
   to Roe v. Wade. 63 North Carolina Law Review 375. Reprinted in the Abortion
06.李國光(2003,7月)。挑戰生殖倫理的新科技。科學人,第17期。
 Controvorst: A Reader 119 (Louis P. Pojman & Rrancis L. Beckwith ed.,1994).
31. Gunsburg, Samuel A. (1997). Extending Reproductive Autonomy Rights to in
 Vitro Fertilization. 65 Fordham L. Rev. 2205.
32. Hartogh, Govert (1997). The Values of Life. Bioethics, Volume 11, Number 1.
33. Henderson, Meredith R. (2001). Stenberg v. Carhart: ”Partial-Birth” Abortion
 Bans and the Supreme Court’s Rejection of the “Methodical” Erasure of the
14.郭展裕(1998)。八零年代美國新基督教右派政治參與之研究-以弗瑞.弗威爾為案例。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。
 Right to Abortion. 70 North Carolina Law Review 1127.
34. Henry, Karen (2003). Everyone Knows Men and Women are Different, So What?
   32 Southwesetern University Law Review 335.
35. Hohfld, Wesley Newcom (1993). Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as
07.何建志(1999,1月)。世界各國基因科技相關法令摘要。生物科技與法律研究通訊,第1期。
   Applied in Judical Reasoning. 23 Yale Law Journal 16.
36. Jennings, Bruce (1999). The Liberal Neutrality of Living and Dying: Bioethics,
   Constitutional Law, and Political Theory in the American Right-to-Die Debate. 16 J. Contemp. Fealth L. & Pol’y 97.
37. Kamm, Frances M. (1995). Abortion and the Value of Life: A Discussion of Life’s
 Dominion. 95 Colum. L. Rev. 160.
15.郭國斌(2001)。從美國墮胎議題的爭議論「生命權」與「自由權」的價值衝突。未出版碩士論文,文化大學,台北市。
38. Karlan, Pamela S., and Daniel R. Ortiz (1992). In a Different Voice: Relational
 Feminism, Abortion Rights, and the Feminist Legal Agenda. 87 Nw. U.L. Rev. 858.
39. Kass, Leon R. (2000). Triumph or Tragedy? The Moral Meaning of Genetic
 Technology. 45 The American Journal of Jurisprudence.
40. Kay, Herma Hill (1985). Models of Equality. 39 U Ill. L. Rev. 87.
08.何建志(2003,6月)。反反胚胎商品化的一些法律論證。律師雜誌,第285期。
41. Kommers, Donald P. (1985). Liberty and Community in Constitutional Law: The
 Abortion Cases in Comparative perspective. Brigham Young University Law
 Review 371.
42. Knoppers, Bartha Maria (1985). Modern Birth Technology and Human Rights.
16.陳淑卿(1994)。墮胎的道德問題研究。未出版碩士論文,國立中央大學,桃園市。
 The American Journal of Comparative Law Vol. 33.
43. Krieger, Linda J. and Patricia N. Cooney (1983). The Miller-Wohl Controversy:
 Equal Treatment, Positive Action and the Meaning of Women’s Equality. 13
 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 513.
44. Lugosi, Charles I. (2004). Respecting Human Life in 21st Century America: A
 Moral Perspective to Extend Civil Rights to the Unborn from Creation to Natural Death. 48 Saint Louis University Law Journal 425.
09.林春明(1993,4月)。後結構主義與差異哲學。哲學雜誌,第4期。
45. McClain, Linda C. (1992). “Atomistic Man” Revisited: Liberalism, Connection,
 and Feminist Jurisprudence. 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1171.
46. McClain, Linda C. (1998). “Toleration, Autonomy, and Governmental Promotion
17.陳美伶(1994)。人工生殖之立法規範。未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。
 of Good Lives: Beyond ”Empty “Toleration to Toleration as Respect. 59 Ohio
 St. L. J. 19.
47. McClain, Linda C. (2004). Panel II: Equal Citizenship:Gender:Negotiating
 Gender and(Free and Equal)Citizenship: the Place of Association. 72 Fordham L. Rev. 1569.
48. Metzger, Gilian E. (1994). Unburdening the Undue Burden Standard: Orienting
 Casey in Constitutional Jurisprudence. 94 Columbia Law Review 2025.
49. Michelman, Frank (1988). The Republican Civic Tradition: Law’s Republic. 97
10.林明定與翁濬一(2002,10月)。胚胎幹細胞公然挑戰人類生命倫理?!。生技時代,第12期。
 Yale L. J. 1493.
50. Miedel, Florian (1993-1994). Is West Germany’s 1975 Abortion Decision a
18.陳美華(1995)。從露對威德案論墮胎權─自由女性主義及其超越。未出版碩士論文,東吳大學,台北市。
   Solution to the American Abortion Debate?: A critique of Mary Ann Glendon and Donald Kommers. 20 New York University Review of Law & Social Change 471.
51. Minda, Gary (1989). The Jurisprudential Movements of the 1980s. 50 Ohio St. L.
 J. 599.
52. Morris, Douglas G. (1988). Abortion and Liberalism: A Comparison Between the
 Abortion Decisions of Supreme Court of the United States and the Constitutional Court of West Germany. 11 Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 159.
53. Munzer, Stephen R. (1977). Right Answer, Preexisting Rights, and Fairness. Geo.
 L. Rev. 11
54. Nelsen, William E. (1986). History and Neutrality in Constitutional Adjudication.
11.陳愛娥(1997,12月)。憲法對未出生胎兒的保護-作為基本權保護義務的一例來觀察。政大法學評論,第58期。
 72 Va. L. Rev. 1237.
10.劉仲冬,(1998)。女性醫療社會學。台北:女書。
55. Okin, Susan Moller (1989). Reason and Feeling in Thinking about Justice. 99
 Ethics 229, 244.
56. Okin, Susan Moller (2004). Equal Citizenship: Gender: Justice and Gender: an
 Unfinished Debate. 72 Fordham L. Rev. 1537.
57. Patterson, Dennis (1992). Postmodernism, Modernism ,and Law. 77 Cornell L.
 Rev. 254.
58. Pellegrino, E.D. (2002). Balancing Science, Ethics and Politics: Stem Cell
 Research, A Paradigm Case. 18 Journal of Contemporary Health Law and
 Policy 591.
12.陳美華(1999,9月)。物化或解放-女性主義者關於代理孕母的爭論。月旦
19.陳慧雯(1999)。人工協助生殖技術管理模式之法律政策分析-以代理孕母之管制為中心-。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣大學,台北市。
59. Rakowski, Eric (1994). The Sanctity of Human Life. 103 Yale L.J. 2049.
60. Rawls, John (1985). Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical. 14 Phil. &
 PUB. AFF. 223, 231.
61. Regan, Milton C., Jr. (1997). Law and Civil Society: Response: Getting Our
 Stories Straight: Narrative Autonomy and Feminist Commitments. 72 Ind. L. J. 449.
62. Roertson, John A. (1989). Technology and Motherhood: Legal and Ethical Issues
 in Human Egg Dominion. 39 Case Western Reserve Law Review 1.
63. Stacy, Tom (1994). Reconciling Reason and Religion: On Dworkin and Religious
 Freedom. 63 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1.
64. Thurschwell, Adam (1999). Book Review: Radical Feminist Liberalism: At the
20.陳世杰(2002)。墮胎罪之研究。未出版碩士論文,東海大學,台中市。
    法學雜誌,第52期。
 Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality, by Drucilla Cornell. 51
 Rutgers L. Rev. 745.
65. Trackman, Leon E., and Sean Gatien (1995). Abortion Rights: Taking
 Responsibilities More Seriously than Dworkin. 48 SMU L. Rev. 585.
66. Walther, Deborah Kay (1992). “Ownership” of the Fertilized Ovum in Vitro.
 Family Law Quarterly, Volume 26, Number 3, Fall.
67. Young, Steven M. (1999). Beyond Neutrality. 49 Univ. of Toronto L. J. 151.
13.陳妙芬(1999,9月)。浮濫的平等?-談代理孕母的法理問題。月旦法學雜
    誌,第52期。
21.楊慶輝(1990)。美國支持與反對墮胎運動之研究一兼論單一議題政治。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北市。
14.陳妙芬(2004,1月)。當代法學的女性主義運動:一個法哲學史的分析。台大法學論叢,第33卷第1期。
15.陳文吟(2001,12月)。由胚胎幹細胞研究探討美國專立法上「道德」實用性因應生物科技的必要性。台北大學法學論叢,第49期。
16.陳英鈴(2002,4月)。胚胎植入前基因檢測的憲法問題。生物科技與法律研
    究通訊,第14期。
17.陳英鈴(2003,6月)。人類胚胎幹細胞研究的法問題-胚胎基本權利地位。
    律師雜誌,第285期。
18.陳英淙(2002,7月)。由德國聯邦憲法法院之判決(BverfGE88,203)探討墮
    胎合法化問題。憲政時代,第28卷第1期。
19.莊世同(2000,9月)。論法律原則的地位:為消極的法律原則理論而辯。輔
    仁法學,第19期。
22.鄒孟珍(2003)。優生保健法修法準備過程之觀察。未出版碩士論文,國立成功大學,台南市。
20.程明修(2002,2月)。胎兒與生命權保障主體間的憲法論證難題。東吳大學
    法律學報,第13卷第2期。
21.曾淑瑜(2003,6月)。人類胚胎在法律上之地位及其保護。法令月刊,第54
    卷第6期。
22.楊雅雯(2000,7月)。複製人類的倫理爭辯與法律管制模式研究。生物科技
    與法律研究通訊,第7期。
23.蔡宗珍(1992,7月)。基因科技安全管制法草案總說明。生物科技與法律研
    究通訊,第11期。
24.蔡維音(2001,12月)。「疑似權利主體」之法律意涵-重新建構人類基因的
    法律地位。成大法學,第2期。
23.蒲菁菁(1997)。德我肯論墮胎與安樂死。未出版碩士論文,國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
25.鄧曉芳(2002,2月)。日本政府公佈「特定胚胎處理指針」。科技法律透析,
    第14卷第2期。
26.鄧曉芳(2002,8月)。簡介日本生技法制倫理規範趨勢-兼評析我國相關生
    技法規概況(上)。科技法律透析,第14卷第8期。
27.鄧曉芳(2002,8月)。簡介日本生技法制倫理規範趨勢-兼評析我國相關生
    技法規概況(下)。科技法律透析,第14卷第9期。
28.劉承慶(2003,2月)。人體組織應用於生物科技之管制法令與財產權。月旦  
    法學雜誌,第93期。
29.顏厥安(2002,1月)。財產、人格,還是資訊?論人類基因的法律地位。台
    大法學論叢,第31卷第1期。
24.蔡達智(1997)。生命科技的發展對基本人權的影響。未出版碩士論文,國立中興大學,台北市,
外文翻譯書籍
01.關曉薇與高培恆(譯)(2000)。法律之前的女性-建構女性主義法理學。台
     北:商周。(Judith Baer, Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence)
02.林丹卉與楊育明(譯)(2002)。體內小訪客:性、懷孕、分娩的生命奧秘。台北:時報。(David Bainbridge, A Visitor Within: The Science of Pregnancy)
03.信春鷹與吳玉章(譯)(1998)。認真對待權利。北京:中國大百科全書。(Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously)
04.馮克利(譯)(2003)。至上的美德:平等的理論與實踐。江蘇:江蘇人民出版社。(Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue)
05.郭貞伶與陳雅汝(譯)(2002)。生命的自主權。台北:商周。(Ronald Dworkin,
Life’s Dominion)
06.李冠宜(譯)(2002)。法律帝國。台北:時英。(Ronald Dworkin, Law’s Empire)
07.杜默(譯)(2002)。後人類未來:基因工程的人性浩劫。台北:時報。(Francis
25.劉后安(1998)。論美國與台灣墮胎法律制度合憲性問題之研究。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。
Fukuyama, Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of The Biotechnology Revolution)
08.鄧曉芒(譯)(2004)。實踐理性批判。台北:聯經。(Immanuel Kant)
09.洪蘭(譯)(1998)。基因複製:從複製羊陶麗看人類的未來。台北:遠流。(Gina
Kolota)
10.姚大志(譯)(2002)。作為公平的正義。台北:左岸。(John Rawls)
11.潘震澤與杜默(譯)(2003)。生命的線索。台北:時報。(John Sulston, Georgina
     Ferry)
12.商千儀與高忠義(譯)(2001)。司法極簡主義。台北:商周。(Cass R. Sunstein,
One Case at a Time)
13.周業仁(譯)(1998)。胚胎大勝利。台北:天下。(Lewis Wolpert, Triumph Embryo)
26.潘宣吾(2003)。論法律的主體—從人工智能與基因科技之進化觀察。未出版碩士論文,國立台北大學,台北市。
國內學位論文
01.王素珍(2003)。人體組織與人格權結合的另類思考。未出版碩士論文,輔仁
大學,台北縣。
02.白又謙(1991)。論墮胎罪與殺人罪之界限。未出版碩士論文,輔仁大學,台北縣。
03.李惠娥(2001)。以三角交叉探討婦女接受生育控制的身心經驗。未出版碩士論文,高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
04.李素楨(2002)。從女性主義論墮胎的道德爭議:胎兒道德地位與女性身體自
主權。未出版碩士論文,國立中央大學,桃園市。
05.周嘉辰(2003)。命名風波:從「女人」作為政治範疇談女性主義的政治觀。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。
06.林翰緯(2004)。由女性主義法學檢視我國墮胎法律制度。未出版碩士論文,
國立臺灣大學,台北市。
27.盧源仁(1986)。美國新右派興起與保守思潮之研究。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。
07.紀靜惠(2001)。各類人士對醫療倫理觀點差異之探究。未出版碩士論文,國立中山大學,高雄市。
08.張志明(1999)。美國聯邦最高法院與德國聯邦憲法法院墮胎判決的比較研究。
未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。
09.張美鶴(2002)。墮胎與生育、非期望懷孕與期望懷孕、及重複懷孕與初次懷
孕在未成年少女中間之比較。未出版碩士論文,國立成功大學,台南
市。
28.謝榮泰(1982)。墮胎合法化問題之研究。未出版碩士論文,東海大學,台中市。
11.賴俊雄,(2005)。晚期解構理論。台北:揚智。
29.藍培菁(1996)。隱私權在美國演進歷程之研究。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。
其他
01.黃競涓(2002,6月)。性別、公民與市民社會。內政(研)091-069號。
02.國民健康局與台灣大學社會學系(2004年9月18日)。代理孕母公民共識會議公民小組結論報告。
英文書籍
01. Ackerman, Bruce A. (1980). Social Justice in the Liberal State. New Haven: Yale
   University Press.
02. Bowers, James R. (1994). Pro-choice and Anti-abortion Constitutional Theory and Public Policy. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
03. Burley, Justine (2004). Dworkin and His Critics: with Replies by Dworkin. UK:
   Blackwell.
12.顏厥安,(1998)。法與實踐理性。台北:允晨叢刊。
04. Callahan , Joan C., ed. (1991). Reproduction, Ethics, and the Law:Feminist
   Perspectives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
05. Cohen, Marshall, (ed.) (1983). Ronald Dworkin and Contemporary Jurisprudence. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld.
06. Colker , Ruth (1992). Abortion and Dialogue: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life and American
   Law. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
07. Cornell, Drucilla (1991). Beyond Accommodation: Ethical Feminism,
   Deconstruction, and the Law. NY: Routledge.
08. Cornell, Drucilla (1992). The Philosophy of the Limit. NY: Routledge, Chapman
   and Hall.
09. Cornell, Drucilla (1993). Transformations: Recollective Imagination and Sexual
13.顏厥安,(2004)。鼠肝與蟲臂的管制。台北:商周。
   Difference. NY: Routledge.
10. Cornell, Drucilla (1995). The Imaginary Domain: Abortion, Pornography and
   Sexual Harassment. NY: Routledge.
11. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality.
   NJ: Princeton University Press.
12. Douglas, Gillian (1991). Law, Fertility and Reproduction. London: Sweet and
   Maxwell.
13. Dworkin, Ronald (1978). Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard
   University Press.
14. Dworkin, Ronald (1987). Law’s Empire. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University
14.顧燕翎與鄭至慧主編,(1999)。女性主義經典。台北:女書。
   Press.
15. Dworkin, Ronald (1994). Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion,
   Enthanasia, and Individual Freedom. NY: Vintage.
16. Dworkin, Ronald (1996). Freedom’s Law. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University
   Press.
17. Dworkin, Ronald (2000). Sovereign Virtue. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
   Press.
18. Limbaugh, Rush (1993). The Way Things Ought to Be. New York: Pocket Books.
19. Petersen, Kerry A. (1993). Abortion Regimes. Aldershot, England: Dartmouth.
20. Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of
15.顧燕翎主編,(2000)。女性主義理論與流派。台北:女書。
   Harvard University Press.
21. Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
22. Sandel, Michael (1982). Liberalism and the Limit of Justice. Cambridge:
   Cambridge University Press.
23. Shapiro, Ian (1995). Abortion the Supreme Court Decisions. Indianapolis, Ind.:
   Hackett Publishing Company.
外文期刊論文(以下文獻皆搜尋自Lexis Nexis電子資料庫)
01. Belshaw, Christopher (1997). Abortion, Value and the Sanctity of Life. Bioethics,
   Volume 11, Number 2.
02. Bradley, Gerard V. (1993). Life’s Dominion Essay. 69 Notre Dame L. Rev. 329.
中文期刊論文
03. Campbell, A.I.L. (1990). The Constitution and Abortion. 53 the Modern Law
   Review 23.
04. Capron, Alexander Morgan (1994). Life’s Sacred Value- Common Ground of
   Battleground: Life’s Dominion: An Argument About Abortion, Enthanasia,
   and Individual Freedom. 92 Mich. L. Rev. 1491
05. Cornell, Drucilla (1985). Toward a Modern/Postmodern Reconstruction of
   Ethics. 133 U. Pa. L. Rev. 291.
06. Cornell, Drucilla (1986). Two Lectures on the Normative Dimensions of
   Community in the Law. 54 Tenn. L. Rev. 327.
07. Cornell, Drucilla (1987). Roberto Unger’s Politics: A Work in Constructive Social
01.王富仙(2001,7月)。授精卵法律地位之探索。法學叢刊,第183期。
   Theory: Beyond Tragedy and Complacency. 81 Nw. U. L. Rev. 693.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律學研究所
92651041
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0926510412
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳起行zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen,Chi-Shinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 洪絹閔zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hung,Chuan-Minen_US
dc.creator (作者) 洪絹閔zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hung,Chuan-Minen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 11:12:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 11:12:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 11:12:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0926510412en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31649-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 法律學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92651041zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自1970年代開始,「女性生殖(身體)自主權」的呼聲-爭取的主要是所謂的墮胎權-即伴隨著婦女運動的萌芽與發展,而始終具有一定的能見度,甚至成為婦女運動的主要訴求之一;與之相對(或者是對立)的,則是捍衛胎兒(胚胎)生命權的另一方。時至今日,與生殖自主權相關的墮胎爭議方興未艾,仍舊為法律爭議的焦點以及核心議題;另一方面,由於當代的醫療以及科學在技術上的進步與突破,雖一方面賦與了生殖更多的可能性,同時,也帶來了許多亟待解決的問題。無論是已紛擾半個世紀之久的墮胎權爭議,或者是被歸類為新興議題的生殖科技相關議題,概括觀之,這兩項爭議的論辯主軸,皆能夠廣義的包含在「生殖自由」-主張與生殖相關的私密行為,應交由個人自由決定,故必須盡可能地減少任何形式的干涉,以及「對於人類生命(human life)的保護」-主張應賦予任何形式的人類生命最低限度的生命權保障,或者至少為某種生命倫理的概念所約束,因而不應全然地任由個人恣意決定,這兩個彼此相互衝突的上位概念之下。
     
       在《生命領域》(Life’s Dominion)一書的前半部,德沃金(Ronald Dworkin)由墮胎爭議出發,提出超越選擇權(pro-choice)與生命權(pro-life)的折衷觀點,主張無論是懷孕女性或者是胎兒(胚胎),其生命的神聖性與生命的內在價值,皆應納入考量並同時予以尊重,試圖為當代已陷入對立僵局的墮胎爭議,尋求某種和解之道。而康奈爾(Drucilla Cornell)所抱持的後現代女性主義立場則格外強調,墮胎爭議的論辯與解決,必須有女性觀點與意見的加入、甚至必須全盤採納,期能以更設身處地的方式,探討女性在社會以及性別結構中的處境,並聚焦於女性面臨墮胎決定時的兩難困境,為原本中性(neutral)、超然的墮胎爭議,帶入不可忽視的經驗性面向的討論。
     
       德沃金與康奈爾皆分別針對墮胎爭議,提出其各自的看法與意見,而兩者所採取的立場以及所支持的見解,則各有其獨到之處;此外,德沃金與康奈爾在具體的墮胎爭議中所顯現的態度與提出的主張,也反映了德沃金與康奈爾其各自理論在立論基礎上的類似點以及相異之處。比較兩者理論的異同,對於我們以有別於以往的視野,觀照墮胎爭議的論辯-尤其在自主個人與社群關係的連結、針對正義理論所進行的反省,以及對於法律體系的架構與本質所採取的觀點等面向上,格外有所裨益;大致上來說,德沃金乃以自由主義脈絡及其整全性理論為基調,探討上述幾個理論發展的軸線,康奈爾則是以女性主義與後現代的角度,對這些議題進行處理。在針對墮胎爭議而提出的具體主張中,德沃金與康奈爾的相關論述所各自蘊含的深厚理論基礎,不僅開拓了墮胎議題討論的深度與廣度;另一方面,在墮胎爭議的論辯中,德沃金與康奈爾所採取的觀點以及立論基礎,亦提供了我們在處理當代生殖科技發展所帶來的新爭議時,一些重要的思考切入點與紛爭解決的大方向。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)  Since the 1970`s, the right of women’s reproductive self-determination has been put forward as one of the principal claim along with the developments of women’s liberation movements. Against this stream, those who defend right to life of fetus (embryo) called “pro-life” camp are in opposite position. Up to now, the controversy over "pro-choice" and “pro-life” is still clamoring. Besides, “abortion” as an important subject of debate is also what legal disputes focus on. On the other hand, the progress of the contemporary science, technology, and medical treatments even make reproduction techniques advance, thus create more possibilities on reproduction. Accompanied with such developments, lots of issues about new reproductive technologies are brought about and call for immediate solutions. Arguments on abortion which have assailed for a half century as well as reproductive technologies developing in recent decades and approximately esteemed as newly arisen subjects; in general, whether abortion disputes or new issues of reproductive technologies are both involved in the following superordinate but conflict concepts: First, “reproductive self-determination”, which asserts that all decisions on reproduction should ensue from personal choice and reduce any form of control as possible. Second, "protection of human life", which advocates that human life of any form owns the right to life to a certain extent, thus should be guaranteed.
     
      In Ronald Dworkin’s Life’s Dominion, Dworkin offers a compromised standpoint on the controversy of abortion, claiming that whether the expectant mother or the fetus (embryo) should both be given the respect of "the sanctity of life". Dworkin attempts to attain certain agreement on abortion issues rather than variance. Different from Dworkin’s devoting himself to eliminating the antagonism between “pro-choice” and “pro-life”, as a postmodern feminist, Drucilla Cornell emphasizes on the female perspective, concerning about female’s predicament in the gender structure in particular. While applying her abstract notions to concrete abortion issues, Cornell focuses on the dilemma which nearly every female should confront while making the abortion decision. This insight of Cornell brings the "neutral" abortion controversy into more profound discussions. Dworkin and Cornell state their opinions on abortion controversy respectively, and each of their statement is original and simultaneously reflects different foundations on which their theories are based behind concrete abortion issues. Discussions on similarities and dissimilarities of theories between Dworkin and Cornell not only help to regard abortion issues in a different and brand new way, but also expand the widths and depths of the discussions on abortion disputes: Particularly, the relation between the individual and the community, the gender consciousness which Cornell stresses on, theories of judgments and legal structures, and so on. Broadly speaking, Dworkin proceeds his statements from liberalism and his theory of integrity; on the contrary, Cornell sets out from points of view of feminism and postmodernism. Finally, put issues from abortion towards the developments of the contemporary reproductive technologies, the main foundations and argumentations which Dworkin and Cornell provide for abortion debates may also guide us to deal with issues of developments of the contemporary reproductive technologies.
en_US
dc.description.abstract (摘要) "第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................1
     第一節 前言………………….…………………………………………………1
         一、生殖議題的特殊性:切身性與影響範圍的全面性………….……..1
         二、墮胎爭議:紛擾半個世紀的焦點議題……………………….……..2
           (一)墮胎爭議的特殊性之一-不可妥協性…………………………2
     (二)墮胎爭議的特殊性之二-時間上的急迫性……………………3
     三、生殖議題的開展…….…………………………..…………….……...3
     第二節 研究動機與目的…..……….…….……………………………....…….5
     一、研究動機……….….…………..……………………………...……...5
     (一)歷久彌新的墮胎爭議-矛盾與衝突的結合…………..………..5
     (二)墮胎權-女性身體自主權的核心指標…...………..….………..6
     (三)解決生殖科技相關紛爭的線索:以墮胎爭議為起點…..……..6
     二、研究目的........................... ..................................................................7
     第三節 問題意識……..…..………….………….………………....…..…… .11
     一、傳統定義下的公領域-一個女性缺席的場合….…….…………..11
     二、自主個人與社群之間的連結…...……….……….………………...12
       三、法律穩定性與法律適應性之間的權衡...……….…….…………...14
     第四節 研究方法與取材範圍….……………….…………..….…………….15
     一、研究方法……………………………………………...….………...15
     二、取材範圍…………………………………………....……………...16
     第二章 德沃金的嘗試:從對立到共識…...…………..…………...…….... ……….21
     第一節 生命領域(Life’s Dominion)………...……….....…..………….…...21
     一、前言………...………………….....…..……………………………....21
     二、生命的內在價值(intrinsic value of life)
     與生命的神聖性(the sanctity of life)……..……....……….……..23
     三、取代「衍伸路徑」(derivative approach)的
     「超然路徑」(detached approach)……...…..…………….…..…...26
     四、超然路徑的侷限…………………..…………………………………29
     (一)生命的「內在」價值(intrinsic value of life)?…..……........29
     (二)空洞的「生命的內在價值」概念…………..………..………....30
     (三)浪費生命投注(investment waste of life)的臨界點…...…......31
     (四)懷孕女性與胎兒(胚胎)之間生命神聖性的「權衡」?.......33
     (五)截然可分的衍伸價值與超然價值?…………….…..............…34
     (六)保守派與自由派的「共識」?…………..……....……..….......34
     第二節 政府進行墮胎管制的正當性基礎……………………………………36
     一、前言……..……..……………………………………………………..36
     二、原初地位(original position)概念下所展現的
     平等關切與尊重 (equal concern and respect)…..…..…………...37
     三、「包容」(tolerance)的界限……..………………..…………….......41
     四、「積極的」還是「消極的」平等關切與尊重?…..……..……..….42
     五、政府中立性在墮胎議題上的特殊性…………...….....………..…...45
     六、從衍伸路徑到超然路徑:曖昧不清政府的中立性界限..…....…...46
     (一)衍伸路徑觀點:墮胎為隱私權所保障的自由……..………….46
     (二)超然路徑觀點:墮胎與否的決定,為宗教自由所保障…..….47
     第三節 整全法的檢驗:對於生命神聖性與生命內在價值的尊重….…..….49
     一、前言………….…………………………………………..………...…49
     二、整全法(law as integrity)…………..……………….….……...…..50
     三、整全性理論及其本體性論證..……....………………….……...……53
      四、社群道德:法律正當性(legitimacy)的基礎?…..….…….…….57
       五、整全法的檢驗:生命的神聖性以及生命的內在價值……....…..…59
          (一)不合乎「符合」(fit)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….…...….…60
          (二)不合乎「實質」(substance)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….....62
       第四節 從三時期(trimesters)到實質障礙(substantial obstacle)
     與不當負擔(undue burden)…...….……...………………….…..…63
     一、生殖自主原則的建立………………………………………….…..…63
     二、整全法的檢驗:羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………....….…..…65
     三、與德沃金的超然路徑更為貼近的東南賓州計劃生育機構訴凱西
     案判決(Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v.
     Casey)……………………………………………………….......…..70
     (一)聯合意見要點…………..………………….………………....….70
         (二)對於生命的神聖性與生命的內在價值予以尊重的展現…...….71
     四、實質障礙與不當負擔:德沃金概念下的政府中立性……….….….73
     第五節 共同性基礎的找尋…………….……………………………….……...77
     一、從個人到群體的平等關切與尊重-對於真正社群的特別義務...…77
     二、為社群的道德共識所指引的整全法…….…………………......……78
     三、中立性的抽象層次-共同善的展現…………………………….….78
     四、企圖消弭保守派與自由派對立僵局的
     生命神聖性與生命內在價值…………………………………..……79
     五、小結….………………..……………………………………..….……79
     第三章 後現代主義與現代性的揉合……………………………………………....81
     第一節 康奈爾的自主個人概念-自由主義傳統的追本溯源……………....81
     一、前言…………..………………………………………………………81
     二、康奈爾對於自主個人的概念在基本預設上的轉變…….………….83
     三、回到自由主義的發端……………………...…………..…………….86
     四、消除古典自由主義理論中欠缺性別觀點的弊病……...…………...88
     五、小結…………..………………………………..……..….…………...90
     第二節 康奈爾理論中的後現代女性主義內涵……………..…….………….91
     一、前言…………….....…………………………….………….………...91
     二、後現代女性主義…...……..…………………….………….………...93
     (一)發展背景……...…………..…………………………….……….93
     (二)後現代主義對於女性主義法學的影響………...…..….……….95
     1.前言...………………………………………………….……....95
     2.權力-唯一的真實………...………………………….……....96
     3.拉岡的性別認同過程          
     -性別階級(gender hierarchy)的建立………….….............97
     4.性別階級的構築與維持-魯曼系統理論概念的借用............99
     (三)解構性別定義與二元對立…...…………..….……….…………101
     (四)性別-不再是種分類………...……………….…..….…………102
     三、小結……………………………...………………………….……….103
     第三節 後現代主義下所理解的法律概念以及裁判理論….....……..............104
     一、前言…………………………….………...…….…………………....104
     二、法律:永無止盡的詮釋…...…………….…….…………………....105
     (一)詮釋的多元性-德希達理論的借用………....………..............106
     1.雙重閱讀-一種負責任的閱讀態度…...……………………106
     2.分延(différance)…………………..…...………..……......108
     (二)突破傳統的時間概念-魯曼系統理論的借用……………....109
     三、對於正義的追尋………………………….………………..............111
     四、小結……………………………………….……………….…….....114
       第四節 負責任的裁判態度:以康奈爾的裁判理論檢驗實際案例……...115
     一、法官對於裁判所應負的責任……………….………….…..……...116
     (一)羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………………..………..........116
     (二)韋伯斯特訴生殖健康服務案
     (Webster v. Reproductive Health Services)…....….......…….117
     二、國王的新衣:法律的本質-暴力…………………….…………..119
     (一)包爾士訴哈維克案(Bowers v. Hardwick)………………....119
     (二)無根的法律暴力………...……….……………….....................121
     第五節 康奈爾理論的承襲與開創………………………………….............121
     一、以女性自主為出發點的理論建構...………..……..……...………121
     二、康奈爾概念下的想像領域以及解構理論的盲點…...…………...123
     (一)想像領域其視野的侷限性…..…………..…….……..............124
     (二)解構即正義?………..……….……………………………....125
     第四章 德沃金與康奈爾理論的一些比較……….…………….…………………129
     第一節 自主個人與社群連結…….………………….……………………....129
       一、前言…….………………………………….………………………..129
     二、自由主義脈絡底下的自主個人概念…….….…………………..…129
        三、德沃金與康奈爾概念下的自主個人-社群主義觀點的引入…....132
       四、平等關切與尊重原則下的自主個人概念………….…......…….....138
     第二節 不同的話音-從女性觀點出發的思考..………….……..……….....141
     一、前言…..….……………………………………………….................142
     二、自主個人的發展脈絡與歷程-女性經驗………...…….................143
       三、從形式到實質-對於自由、平等概念的省思…...…….................146
     四、走出「娃娃屋」-康奈爾實現女性正義的第一個步驟..………..147
     五、正視性別差異-康奈爾實現女性正義的第二個步驟................…150
     六、小結………………..…………………………………………….….152
     第三節 法律穩定性與適應性的權衡…..……….……………………….......154
     一、既有法律體制的存與廢..………………………………………..…154
     (一)既有的法律規範架構其規範權威性的基礎.…….……….......155
        (二)社群的道德共識可否作為規範權威性的正當性基礎?.....…157
     二、共同善即正義?…………………..……...………………..……….158
     (一)正義乃屬於(of)、並存在(in)於社群之中?…….….......158
     (二)消弭現存體制中的暴力:
            期待社群道德共識變遷或者逕予解構?…...……………….160
     三、對於社群共同善的疑慮…….………………....……………...…....162
     第五章 墮胎議題的延續-新世紀的生殖議題……..………..…………….…….165
       第一節 「人類生命」與「人」之間連結的鬆動...........……………………..165
     一、前言…..………………………..…………………..………………...165
     二、後現代與現代性的銜接….…………… .………..………………...167
     三、解除「以人為中心」與「主體客體二元對立」的思考…………168
     四、人類初期生命-非主體、亦非客體的曖昧地位
     (兼論人類生命定義的浮動性)………..…………….........……..170
     第二節「全新」的生殖科技議題?……….……..….…………..…….……..172
     一、超然價值概念下的思考……………………………..……………..173
     二、倫理個人主義(ethical individualism)…...…...……………...…..174
        三、政府中立性的界線-對於生殖科技的管制….……………….......175
     四、另一個審視生殖科技發展浪潮的切入點-女性身體自主權…....177
     參考文獻……………..……………………………………...…………...………....179
     
     "
-
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................1
     第一節 前言………………….…………………………………………………1
         一、生殖議題的特殊性:切身性與影響範圍的全面性………….……..1
         二、墮胎爭議:紛擾半個世紀的焦點議題……………………….……..2
           (一)墮胎爭議的特殊性之一-不可妥協性…………………………2
     (二)墮胎爭議的特殊性之二-時間上的急迫性……………………3
     三、生殖議題的開展…….…………………………..…………….……...3
     第二節 研究動機與目的…..……….…….……………………………....…….5
      一、研究動機……….….…………..……………………………...……...5
      (一)歷久彌新的墮胎爭議-矛盾與衝突的結合…………..………..5
      (二)墮胎權-女性身體自主權的核心指標…...………..….………..6
      (三)解決生殖科技相關紛爭的線索:以墮胎爭議為起點…..……..6
     二、研究目的........................... ..................................................................7
     第三節 問題意識……..…..………….………….………………....…..…… .11
     一、傳統定義下的公領域-一個女性缺席的場合….…….…………..11
      二、自主個人與社群之間的連結…...……….……….………………...12
       三、法律穩定性與法律適應性之間的權衡...……….…….…………...14
      第四節 研究方法與取材範圍….……………….…………..….…………….15
     一、研究方法……………………………………………...….………...15
     二、取材範圍…………………………………………....……………...16
     第二章 德沃金的嘗試:從對立到共識…...…………..…………...…….... ……….21
     第一節 生命領域(Life’s Dominion)………...……….....…..………….…...21
     一、前言………...………………….....…..……………………………....21
     二、生命的內在價值(intrinsic value of life)
      與生命的神聖性(the sanctity of life)……..……....……….……..23
     三、取代「衍伸路徑」(derivative approach)的
      「超然路徑」(detached approach)……...…..…………….…..…...26
     四、超然路徑的侷限…………………..…………………………………29
      (一)生命的「內在」價值(intrinsic value of life)?…..……........29
      (二)空洞的「生命的內在價值」概念…………..………..………....30
      (三)浪費生命投注(investment waste of life)的臨界點…...…......31
      (四)懷孕女性與胎兒(胚胎)之間生命神聖性的「權衡」?.......33
      (五)截然可分的衍伸價值與超然價值?…………….…..............…34
      (六)保守派與自由派的「共識」?…………..……....……..….......34
     第二節 政府進行墮胎管制的正當性基礎……………………………………36
     一、前言……..……..……………………………………………………..36
      二、原初地位(original position)概念下所展現的
      平等關切與尊重 (equal concern and respect)…..…..…………...37
      三、「包容」(tolerance)的界限……..………………..…………….......41
     四、「積極的」還是「消極的」平等關切與尊重?…..……..……..….42
     五、政府中立性在墮胎議題上的特殊性…………...….....………..…...45
     六、從衍伸路徑到超然路徑:曖昧不清政府的中立性界限..…....…...46
      (一)衍伸路徑觀點:墮胎為隱私權所保障的自由……..………….46
      (二)超然路徑觀點:墮胎與否的決定,為宗教自由所保障…..….47
     第三節 整全法的檢驗:對於生命神聖性與生命內在價值的尊重….…..….49
     一、前言………….…………………………………………..………...…49
      二、整全法(law as integrity)…………..……………….….……...…..50
     三、整全性理論及其本體性論證..……....………………….……...……53
      四、社群道德:法律正當性(legitimacy)的基礎?…..….…….…….57
       五、整全法的檢驗:生命的神聖性以及生命的內在價值……....…..…59
          (一)不合乎「符合」(fit)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….…...….…60
          (二)不合乎「實質」(substance)標準的墮胎爭議「共識」.….....62
       第四節 從三時期(trimesters)到實質障礙(substantial obstacle)
      與不當負擔(undue burden)…...….……...………………….…..…63
     一、生殖自主原則的建立………………………………………….…..…63
     二、整全法的檢驗:羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………....….…..…65
     三、與德沃金的超然路徑更為貼近的東南賓州計劃生育機構訴凱西
      案判決(Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v.
     Casey)……………………………………………………….......…..70
      (一)聯合意見要點…………..………………….………………....….70
         (二)對於生命的神聖性與生命的內在價值予以尊重的展現…...….71
     四、實質障礙與不當負擔:德沃金概念下的政府中立性……….….….73
     第五節 共同性基礎的找尋…………….……………………………….……...77
     一、從個人到群體的平等關切與尊重-對於真正社群的特別義務...…77
     二、為社群的道德共識所指引的整全法…….…………………......……78
     三、中立性的抽象層次-共同善的展現…………………………….….78
     四、企圖消弭保守派與自由派對立僵局的
     生命神聖性與生命內在價值…………………………………..……79
      五、小結….………………..……………………………………..….……79
     第三章 後現代主義與現代性的揉合……………………………………………....81
     第一節 康奈爾的自主個人概念-自由主義傳統的追本溯源……………....81
      一、前言…………..………………………………………………………81
     二、康奈爾對於自主個人的概念在基本預設上的轉變…….………….83
      三、回到自由主義的發端……………………...…………..…………….86
      四、消除古典自由主義理論中欠缺性別觀點的弊病……...…………...88
      五、小結…………..………………………………..……..….…………...90
     第二節 康奈爾理論中的後現代女性主義內涵……………..…….………….91
     一、前言…………….....…………………………….………….………...91
      二、後現代女性主義…...……..…………………….………….………...93
      (一)發展背景……...…………..…………………………….……….93
      (二)後現代主義對於女性主義法學的影響………...…..….……….95
      1.前言...………………………………………………….……....95
      2.權力-唯一的真實………...………………………….……....96
      3.拉岡的性別認同過程          
      -性別階級(gender hierarchy)的建立………….….............97
      4.性別階級的構築與維持-魯曼系統理論概念的借用............99
      (三)解構性別定義與二元對立…...…………..….……….…………101
      (四)性別-不再是種分類………...……………….…..….…………102
      三、小結……………………………...………………………….……….103
      第三節 後現代主義下所理解的法律概念以及裁判理論….....……..............104
      一、前言…………………………….………...…….…………………....104
      二、法律:永無止盡的詮釋…...…………….…….…………………....105
      (一)詮釋的多元性-德希達理論的借用………....………..............106
      1.雙重閱讀-一種負責任的閱讀態度…...……………………106
      2.分延(différance)…………………..…...………..……......108
      (二)突破傳統的時間概念-魯曼系統理論的借用……………....109
     三、對於正義的追尋………………………….………………..............111
      四、小結……………………………………….……………….…….....114
       第四節 負責任的裁判態度:以康奈爾的裁判理論檢驗實際案例……...115
      一、法官對於裁判所應負的責任……………….………….…..……...116
      (一)羅伊訴韋德案(Roe v. Wade)………………..………..........116
      (二)韋伯斯特訴生殖健康服務案
      (Webster v. Reproductive Health Services)…....….......…….117
      二、國王的新衣:法律的本質-暴力…………………….…………..119
      (一)包爾士訴哈維克案(Bowers v. Hardwick)………………....119
      (二)無根的法律暴力………...……….……………….....................121
     第五節 康奈爾理論的承襲與開創………………………………….............121
      一、以女性自主為出發點的理論建構...………..……..……...………121
      二、康奈爾概念下的想像領域以及解構理論的盲點…...…………...123
      (一)想像領域其視野的侷限性…..…………..…….……..............124
      (二)解構即正義?………..……….……………………………....125
     第四章 德沃金與康奈爾理論的一些比較……….…………….…………………129
      第一節 自主個人與社群連結…….………………….……………………....129
       一、前言…….………………………………….………………………..129
      二、自由主義脈絡底下的自主個人概念…….….…………………..…129
        三、德沃金與康奈爾概念下的自主個人-社群主義觀點的引入…....132
       四、平等關切與尊重原則下的自主個人概念………….…......…….....138
     第二節 不同的話音-從女性觀點出發的思考..………….……..……….....141
      一、前言…..….……………………………………………….................142
     二、自主個人的發展脈絡與歷程-女性經驗………...…….................143
       三、從形式到實質-對於自由、平等概念的省思…...…….................146
      四、走出「娃娃屋」-康奈爾實現女性正義的第一個步驟..………..147
      五、正視性別差異-康奈爾實現女性正義的第二個步驟................…150
      六、小結………………..…………………………………………….….152
     第三節 法律穩定性與適應性的權衡…..……….……………………….......154
      一、既有法律體制的存與廢..………………………………………..…154
      (一)既有的法律規範架構其規範權威性的基礎.…….……….......155
        (二)社群的道德共識可否作為規範權威性的正當性基礎?.....…157
      二、共同善即正義?…………………..……...………………..……….158
      (一)正義乃屬於(of)、並存在(in)於社群之中?…….….......158
      (二)消弭現存體制中的暴力:
            期待社群道德共識變遷或者逕予解構?…...……………….160
      三、對於社群共同善的疑慮…….………………....……………...…....162
     第五章 墮胎議題的延續-新世紀的生殖議題……..………..…………….…….165
       第一節 「人類生命」與「人」之間連結的鬆動...........……………………..165
      一、前言…..………………………..…………………..………………...165
      二、後現代與現代性的銜接….…………… .………..………………...167
     三、解除「以人為中心」與「主體客體二元對立」的思考…………168
     四、人類初期生命-非主體、亦非客體的曖昧地位
      (兼論人類生命定義的浮動性)………..…………….........……..170
      第二節「全新」的生殖科技議題?……….……..….…………..…….……..172
      一、超然價值概念下的思考……………………………..……………..173
      二、倫理個人主義(ethical individualism)…...…...……………...…..174
        三、政府中立性的界線-對於生殖科技的管制….……………….......175
     四、另一個審視生殖科技發展浪潮的切入點-女性身體自主權…....177
     參考文獻……………..……………………………………...…………...………....179
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0926510412en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 墮胎zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 胎兒zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性身體自主權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德沃金zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 康奈爾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 後現代zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) abortionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) fetusen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) femaleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dworkinen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cornellen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) postmodernen_US
dc.title (題名) 胎兒與懷孕女性生命內在價值的權衡-德沃金與康奈爾的同與異zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Balance of the Intrinsic Values of Life between Fetus and Mother-to-Be-Similarities and Dissimilarities between Dworkin and Cornellen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (中文著作依照作者姓氏筆劃、英文著作依照作者姓氏字母先後順序排列)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01.朱瑞祥,(1998)。美國聯邦最高法院判例史程。台北:黎明。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02.江怡主編,(2004)。理性與啟蒙-後現代經典文選。北京:東方。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03.林立,(2002)。法學方法與德沃金。台北:學林。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04.紀欣,(2003)。生死一線間:安樂死與死刑制度的探討。台北:商周。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05.姚大志,(2000)。現代之後-20世紀晚期西方哲學。北京:東方。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06.費昌勇,(2002)。動物倫理與公共政策。台北:台灣商務。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07.楊大春,(1994)。解構理論。台北:揚志。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08.楊大春,(1995)。德希達。台北:生智。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09.蔡錚雲,(1995)。從現象學到後現代。台北:三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08. Cornell, Drucilla (1991). Sexual Difference, the Feminine, and Equivalency: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Critique of MacKinnon`s Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. 100 Yalezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    L.J. 2247.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09. Cornell, Drucilla (1992). A Symposium on Feminist Critical Legal Studies andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Postmodernism: Part one: A Diversity of Influence: The Philosophy of thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Limit, Systems Theory and Feminist Legal Reform. 26 New Eng. L. Rev.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 783.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Cornell, Drucilla (1995). Law and the Postmodern Mind: Rethinking the Beyondzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    of the Real. 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 729.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02.沈清松(1999,4月)。從現代到後現代。哲學雜誌,第4期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.許家馨(1999)。法與道德-德沃京對法實證主義分離命題之批判。未出版碩zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). Freedom’s Conscience. 24 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Change 149.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). Institutionalization of Meaning, Recollectivezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Imagination and the Potential for Transformative Legal Interpretation. 136 U.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Pa. L. Rev. 1135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Crenshaw, Kimberle (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Antiracist Politics. 139 U. Chi. Legal F. 139.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Dailey, Anne C. (1993). Feminism’s Return to Liberalism. 102 Yale L.J. 1265.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Dolgin Janet L. (2004). Embryonic Discourse: Abortion, Stem Cells, andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03.李震山(1995,6月)。從憲法保障生命權及人性尊嚴之觀點論人工生殖。月旦法學雜誌,第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Cloning. 19 Issues in Law & Medicine 203.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Dresser, Rebecca (2001). Dementia Research: Ethics and Policy for Twenty-Firstzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Century. 35 Georgia Law Review 661.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Dworkin, Ronald (1985). The 1984 Mccorkle Lecture: Law’s Ambitions forzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Itself. 71 Va. L. Rev. 173.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Dworkin, Ronald (1989). Liberal Community. 77 Cal. L. Rev. 279.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Dworkin, Ronald (1989). Law, Community, and Moral Reasoning Liberalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Community. 77 Calif. L. Rev. 479.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Dworkin, Ronald (1992). Exchange: the Concept of Unenumerated Rights:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.許鴻城(1995)。從交易成本看安樂死與墮胎問題。未出版碩士論文,國立清華大學,新竹市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Whether and How Roe Should be Overruled. 59 U. Chi. L. Rev. 381.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04.李震山(2002,5月)。胚胎基因工程之法律涵意-以生命權保障為例。台大法學論叢,第31卷第3期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Dworkin, Ronald (1996). Politics, Death, and Nature. 6 Health Matrix 20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Dworkin, Ronald (1997). Fidelity in Constitutional Theory: Fidelity as Integrity:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    The Arduosus Virtue of Fidelity: Originalism, Scalia, Tribe, and Nerve. 65zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Fordham L. Rev. 1249.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Dworkin, Ronald (1998). Darwin’s New Bulldog. 111 Har. L. Rev. 1718.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Eichner, Maxine (2001). On Postmodern Feminist Legal Theory. 36 Harv.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    C.R.-C. L. L. Rev.1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Elmer, Jerry (2002). Human Genomics: Toward a New Paradigm forzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.許昭元(2003)。論生殖性複製與生殖自由。未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Equal-Protection Jurisprudence, Part I. 50 Rhode Island Bar Journal 5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Faulkner, F. Barrett (2003). Applying Old Law through New Reproductivezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05.李鎡堯(1995,6月)。國內人工生殖科技之現況。月旦法學雜誌,第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Technology. 2 Journal of High Technology Law 27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Fellas, John (1993). Reconstruction Law’s Empire. 73 B.U.L. Rev. 715.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Garrison, Marsha (2003). Law Making for Baby Making: An Interpretivezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Approach to the Determination of Legal Parentage. 113 Harvard Law Reviewzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  409.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Greenwood, Daniel J. H. (1994). Beyond Dworkin’s Dominions: Investments,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Memberships, the Tree of Life, and the Abortion Questions. 72 Tex. L. Rev.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.寇健文(1988)。美國保守運動之研究(1970-1980年代)。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  471.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Ginsberg, Ruth B. (1985). Some Thoughts on Autonomy and Equality in Relationzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    to Roe v. Wade. 63 North Carolina Law Review 375. Reprinted in the Abortionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06.李國光(2003,7月)。挑戰生殖倫理的新科技。科學人,第17期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Controvorst: A Reader 119 (Louis P. Pojman & Rrancis L. Beckwith ed.,1994).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Gunsburg, Samuel A. (1997). Extending Reproductive Autonomy Rights to inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Vitro Fertilization. 65 Fordham L. Rev. 2205.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Hartogh, Govert (1997). The Values of Life. Bioethics, Volume 11, Number 1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Henderson, Meredith R. (2001). Stenberg v. Carhart: ”Partial-Birth” Abortionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Bans and the Supreme Court’s Rejection of the “Methodical” Erasure of thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.郭展裕(1998)。八零年代美國新基督教右派政治參與之研究-以弗瑞.弗威爾為案例。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Right to Abortion. 70 North Carolina Law Review 1127.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Henry, Karen (2003). Everyone Knows Men and Women are Different, So What?zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    32 Southwesetern University Law Review 335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. Hohfld, Wesley Newcom (1993). Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions aszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07.何建志(1999,1月)。世界各國基因科技相關法令摘要。生物科技與法律研究通訊,第1期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Applied in Judical Reasoning. 23 Yale Law Journal 16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. Jennings, Bruce (1999). The Liberal Neutrality of Living and Dying: Bioethics,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Constitutional Law, and Political Theory in the American Right-to-Die Debate. 16 J. Contemp. Fealth L. & Pol’y 97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. Kamm, Frances M. (1995). Abortion and the Value of Life: A Discussion of Life’szh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Dominion. 95 Colum. L. Rev. 160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.郭國斌(2001)。從美國墮胎議題的爭議論「生命權」與「自由權」的價值衝突。未出版碩士論文,文化大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. Karlan, Pamela S., and Daniel R. Ortiz (1992). In a Different Voice: Relationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Feminism, Abortion Rights, and the Feminist Legal Agenda. 87 Nw. U.L. Rev. 858.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. Kass, Leon R. (2000). Triumph or Tragedy? The Moral Meaning of Geneticzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Technology. 45 The American Journal of Jurisprudence.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. Kay, Herma Hill (1985). Models of Equality. 39 U Ill. L. Rev. 87.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08.何建志(2003,6月)。反反胚胎商品化的一些法律論證。律師雜誌,第285期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Kommers, Donald P. (1985). Liberty and Community in Constitutional Law: Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Abortion Cases in Comparative perspective. Brigham Young University Lawzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Review 371.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42. Knoppers, Bartha Maria (1985). Modern Birth Technology and Human Rights.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.陳淑卿(1994)。墮胎的道德問題研究。未出版碩士論文,國立中央大學,桃園市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  The American Journal of Comparative Law Vol. 33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43. Krieger, Linda J. and Patricia N. Cooney (1983). The Miller-Wohl Controversy:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Equal Treatment, Positive Action and the Meaning of Women’s Equality. 13zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 513.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44. Lugosi, Charles I. (2004). Respecting Human Life in 21st Century America: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Moral Perspective to Extend Civil Rights to the Unborn from Creation to Natural Death. 48 Saint Louis University Law Journal 425.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09.林春明(1993,4月)。後結構主義與差異哲學。哲學雜誌,第4期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45. McClain, Linda C. (1992). “Atomistic Man” Revisited: Liberalism, Connection,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  and Feminist Jurisprudence. 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1171.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46. McClain, Linda C. (1998). “Toleration, Autonomy, and Governmental Promotionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.陳美伶(1994)。人工生殖之立法規範。未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  of Good Lives: Beyond ”Empty “Toleration to Toleration as Respect. 59 Ohiozh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  St. L. J. 19.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47. McClain, Linda C. (2004). Panel II: Equal Citizenship:Gender:Negotiatingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Gender and(Free and Equal)Citizenship: the Place of Association. 72 Fordham L. Rev. 1569.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48. Metzger, Gilian E. (1994). Unburdening the Undue Burden Standard: Orientingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Casey in Constitutional Jurisprudence. 94 Columbia Law Review 2025.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49. Michelman, Frank (1988). The Republican Civic Tradition: Law’s Republic. 97zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.林明定與翁濬一(2002,10月)。胚胎幹細胞公然挑戰人類生命倫理?!。生技時代,第12期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Yale L. J. 1493.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 50. Miedel, Florian (1993-1994). Is West Germany’s 1975 Abortion Decision azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.陳美華(1995)。從露對威德案論墮胎權─自由女性主義及其超越。未出版碩士論文,東吳大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Solution to the American Abortion Debate?: A critique of Mary Ann Glendon and Donald Kommers. 20 New York University Review of Law & Social Change 471.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 51. Minda, Gary (1989). The Jurisprudential Movements of the 1980s. 50 Ohio St. L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  J. 599.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 52. Morris, Douglas G. (1988). Abortion and Liberalism: A Comparison Between thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Abortion Decisions of Supreme Court of the United States and the Constitutional Court of West Germany. 11 Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 159.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 53. Munzer, Stephen R. (1977). Right Answer, Preexisting Rights, and Fairness. Geo.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  L. Rev. 11zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 54. Nelsen, William E. (1986). History and Neutrality in Constitutional Adjudication.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.陳愛娥(1997,12月)。憲法對未出生胎兒的保護-作為基本權保護義務的一例來觀察。政大法學評論,第58期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  72 Va. L. Rev. 1237.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.劉仲冬,(1998)。女性醫療社會學。台北:女書。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 55. Okin, Susan Moller (1989). Reason and Feeling in Thinking about Justice. 99zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Ethics 229, 244.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 56. Okin, Susan Moller (2004). Equal Citizenship: Gender: Justice and Gender: anzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Unfinished Debate. 72 Fordham L. Rev. 1537.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 57. Patterson, Dennis (1992). Postmodernism, Modernism ,and Law. 77 Cornell L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Rev. 254.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 58. Pellegrino, E.D. (2002). Balancing Science, Ethics and Politics: Stem Cellzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Research, A Paradigm Case. 18 Journal of Contemporary Health Law andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Policy 591.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.陳美華(1999,9月)。物化或解放-女性主義者關於代理孕母的爭論。月旦zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.陳慧雯(1999)。人工協助生殖技術管理模式之法律政策分析-以代理孕母之管制為中心-。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 59. Rakowski, Eric (1994). The Sanctity of Human Life. 103 Yale L.J. 2049.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 60. Rawls, John (1985). Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical. 14 Phil. &zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  PUB. AFF. 223, 231.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 61. Regan, Milton C., Jr. (1997). Law and Civil Society: Response: Getting Ourzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Stories Straight: Narrative Autonomy and Feminist Commitments. 72 Ind. L. J. 449.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 62. Roertson, John A. (1989). Technology and Motherhood: Legal and Ethical Issueszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  in Human Egg Dominion. 39 Case Western Reserve Law Review 1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 63. Stacy, Tom (1994). Reconciling Reason and Religion: On Dworkin and Religiouszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Freedom. 63 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 64. Thurschwell, Adam (1999). Book Review: Radical Feminist Liberalism: At thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.陳世杰(2002)。墮胎罪之研究。未出版碩士論文,東海大學,台中市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     法學雜誌,第52期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality, by Drucilla Cornell. 51zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Rutgers L. Rev. 745.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 65. Trackman, Leon E., and Sean Gatien (1995). Abortion Rights: Takingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Responsibilities More Seriously than Dworkin. 48 SMU L. Rev. 585.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 66. Walther, Deborah Kay (1992). “Ownership” of the Fertilized Ovum in Vitro.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Family Law Quarterly, Volume 26, Number 3, Fall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 67. Young, Steven M. (1999). Beyond Neutrality. 49 Univ. of Toronto L. J. 151.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.陳妙芬(1999,9月)。浮濫的平等?-談代理孕母的法理問題。月旦法學雜zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     誌,第52期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.楊慶輝(1990)。美國支持與反對墮胎運動之研究一兼論單一議題政治。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.陳妙芬(2004,1月)。當代法學的女性主義運動:一個法哲學史的分析。台大法學論叢,第33卷第1期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.陳文吟(2001,12月)。由胚胎幹細胞研究探討美國專立法上「道德」實用性因應生物科技的必要性。台北大學法學論叢,第49期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.陳英鈴(2002,4月)。胚胎植入前基因檢測的憲法問題。生物科技與法律研zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     究通訊,第14期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.陳英鈴(2003,6月)。人類胚胎幹細胞研究的法問題-胚胎基本權利地位。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     律師雜誌,第285期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.陳英淙(2002,7月)。由德國聯邦憲法法院之判決(BverfGE88,203)探討墮zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     胎合法化問題。憲政時代,第28卷第1期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.莊世同(2000,9月)。論法律原則的地位:為消極的法律原則理論而辯。輔zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     仁法學,第19期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.鄒孟珍(2003)。優生保健法修法準備過程之觀察。未出版碩士論文,國立成功大學,台南市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.程明修(2002,2月)。胎兒與生命權保障主體間的憲法論證難題。東吳大學zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     法律學報,第13卷第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.曾淑瑜(2003,6月)。人類胚胎在法律上之地位及其保護。法令月刊,第54zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     卷第6期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.楊雅雯(2000,7月)。複製人類的倫理爭辯與法律管制模式研究。生物科技zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     與法律研究通訊,第7期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.蔡宗珍(1992,7月)。基因科技安全管制法草案總說明。生物科技與法律研zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     究通訊,第11期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.蔡維音(2001,12月)。「疑似權利主體」之法律意涵-重新建構人類基因的zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     法律地位。成大法學,第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.蒲菁菁(1997)。德我肯論墮胎與安樂死。未出版碩士論文,國立中正大學,嘉義縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.鄧曉芳(2002,2月)。日本政府公佈「特定胚胎處理指針」。科技法律透析,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     第14卷第2期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.鄧曉芳(2002,8月)。簡介日本生技法制倫理規範趨勢-兼評析我國相關生zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     技法規概況(上)。科技法律透析,第14卷第8期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.鄧曉芳(2002,8月)。簡介日本生技法制倫理規範趨勢-兼評析我國相關生zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     技法規概況(下)。科技法律透析,第14卷第9期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.劉承慶(2003,2月)。人體組織應用於生物科技之管制法令與財產權。月旦  zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     法學雜誌,第93期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.顏厥安(2002,1月)。財產、人格,還是資訊?論人類基因的法律地位。台zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     大法學論叢,第31卷第1期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.蔡達智(1997)。生命科技的發展對基本人權的影響。未出版碩士論文,國立中興大學,台北市,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 外文翻譯書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01.關曉薇與高培恆(譯)(2000)。法律之前的女性-建構女性主義法理學。台zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)      北:商周。(Judith Baer, Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02.林丹卉與楊育明(譯)(2002)。體內小訪客:性、懷孕、分娩的生命奧秘。台北:時報。(David Bainbridge, A Visitor Within: The Science of Pregnancy)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03.信春鷹與吳玉章(譯)(1998)。認真對待權利。北京:中國大百科全書。(Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04.馮克利(譯)(2003)。至上的美德:平等的理論與實踐。江蘇:江蘇人民出版社。(Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05.郭貞伶與陳雅汝(譯)(2002)。生命的自主權。台北:商周。(Ronald Dworkin,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Life’s Dominion)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06.李冠宜(譯)(2002)。法律帝國。台北:時英。(Ronald Dworkin, Law’s Empire)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07.杜默(譯)(2002)。後人類未來:基因工程的人性浩劫。台北:時報。(Franciszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.劉后安(1998)。論美國與台灣墮胎法律制度合憲性問題之研究。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fukuyama, Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of The Biotechnology Revolution)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08.鄧曉芒(譯)(2004)。實踐理性批判。台北:聯經。(Immanuel Kant)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09.洪蘭(譯)(1998)。基因複製:從複製羊陶麗看人類的未來。台北:遠流。(Ginazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kolota)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.姚大志(譯)(2002)。作為公平的正義。台北:左岸。(John Rawls)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.潘震澤與杜默(譯)(2003)。生命的線索。台北:時報。(John Sulston, Georginazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)      Ferry)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.商千儀與高忠義(譯)(2001)。司法極簡主義。台北:商周。(Cass R. Sunstein,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) One Case at a Time)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.周業仁(譯)(1998)。胚胎大勝利。台北:天下。(Lewis Wolpert, Triumph Embryo)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.潘宣吾(2003)。論法律的主體—從人工智能與基因科技之進化觀察。未出版碩士論文,國立台北大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國內學位論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01.王素珍(2003)。人體組織與人格權結合的另類思考。未出版碩士論文,輔仁zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 大學,台北縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02.白又謙(1991)。論墮胎罪與殺人罪之界限。未出版碩士論文,輔仁大學,台北縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03.李惠娥(2001)。以三角交叉探討婦女接受生育控制的身心經驗。未出版碩士論文,高雄醫學大學,高雄市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04.李素楨(2002)。從女性主義論墮胎的道德爭議:胎兒道德地位與女性身體自zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 主權。未出版碩士論文,國立中央大學,桃園市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05.周嘉辰(2003)。命名風波:從「女人」作為政治範疇談女性主義的政治觀。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06.林翰緯(2004)。由女性主義法學檢視我國墮胎法律制度。未出版碩士論文,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國立臺灣大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.盧源仁(1986)。美國新右派興起與保守思潮之研究。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07.紀靜惠(2001)。各類人士對醫療倫理觀點差異之探究。未出版碩士論文,國立中山大學,高雄市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08.張志明(1999)。美國聯邦最高法院與德國聯邦憲法法院墮胎判決的比較研究。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 未出版碩士論文,國立政治大學,台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09.張美鶴(2002)。墮胎與生育、非期望懷孕與期望懷孕、及重複懷孕與初次懷zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孕在未成年少女中間之比較。未出版碩士論文,國立成功大學,台南zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.謝榮泰(1982)。墮胎合法化問題之研究。未出版碩士論文,東海大學,台中市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.賴俊雄,(2005)。晚期解構理論。台北:揚智。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.藍培菁(1996)。隱私權在美國演進歷程之研究。未出版碩士論文,淡江大學,台北縣。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 其他zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01.黃競涓(2002,6月)。性別、公民與市民社會。內政(研)091-069號。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02.國民健康局與台灣大學社會學系(2004年9月18日)。代理孕母公民共識會議公民小組結論報告。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01. Ackerman, Bruce A. (1980). Social Justice in the Liberal State. New Haven: Yalezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02. Bowers, James R. (1994). Pro-choice and Anti-abortion Constitutional Theory and Public Policy. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03. Burley, Justine (2004). Dworkin and His Critics: with Replies by Dworkin. UK:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.顏厥安,(1998)。法與實踐理性。台北:允晨叢刊。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04. Callahan , Joan C., ed. (1991). Reproduction, Ethics, and the Law:Feministzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Perspectives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05. Cohen, Marshall, (ed.) (1983). Ronald Dworkin and Contemporary Jurisprudence. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06. Colker , Ruth (1992). Abortion and Dialogue: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life and Americanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Law. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07. Cornell, Drucilla (1991). Beyond Accommodation: Ethical Feminism,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Deconstruction, and the Law. NY: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 08. Cornell, Drucilla (1992). The Philosophy of the Limit. NY: Routledge, Chapmanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    and Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 09. Cornell, Drucilla (1993). Transformations: Recollective Imagination and Sexualzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.顏厥安,(2004)。鼠肝與蟲臂的管制。台北:商周。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Difference. NY: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Cornell, Drucilla (1995). The Imaginary Domain: Abortion, Pornography andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Sexual Harassment. NY: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Cornell, Drucilla (1998). At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    NJ: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Douglas, Gillian (1991). Law, Fertility and Reproduction. London: Sweet andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Maxwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Dworkin, Ronald (1978). Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvardzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Dworkin, Ronald (1987). Law’s Empire. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.顧燕翎與鄭至慧主編,(1999)。女性主義經典。台北:女書。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Dworkin, Ronald (1994). Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Enthanasia, and Individual Freedom. NY: Vintage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Dworkin, Ronald (1996). Freedom’s Law. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Dworkin, Ronald (2000). Sovereign Virtue. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Limbaugh, Rush (1993). The Way Things Ought to Be. New York: Pocket Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Petersen, Kerry A. (1993). Abortion Regimes. Aldershot, England: Dartmouth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.顧燕翎主編,(2000)。女性主義理論與流派。台北:女書。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Sandel, Michael (1982). Liberalism and the Limit of Justice. Cambridge:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Shapiro, Ian (1995). Abortion the Supreme Court Decisions. Indianapolis, Ind.:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Hackett Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 外文期刊論文(以下文獻皆搜尋自Lexis Nexis電子資料庫)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01. Belshaw, Christopher (1997). Abortion, Value and the Sanctity of Life. Bioethics,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Volume 11, Number 2.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 02. Bradley, Gerard V. (1993). Life’s Dominion Essay. 69 Notre Dame L. Rev. 329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 03. Campbell, A.I.L. (1990). The Constitution and Abortion. 53 the Modern Lawzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Review 23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 04. Capron, Alexander Morgan (1994). Life’s Sacred Value- Common Ground ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Battleground: Life’s Dominion: An Argument About Abortion, Enthanasia,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    and Individual Freedom. 92 Mich. L. Rev. 1491zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 05. Cornell, Drucilla (1985). Toward a Modern/Postmodern Reconstruction ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Ethics. 133 U. Pa. L. Rev. 291.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 06. Cornell, Drucilla (1986). Two Lectures on the Normative Dimensions ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Community in the Law. 54 Tenn. L. Rev. 327.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 07. Cornell, Drucilla (1987). Roberto Unger’s Politics: A Work in Constructive Socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 01.王富仙(2001,7月)。授精卵法律地位之探索。法學叢刊,第183期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)    Theory: Beyond Tragedy and Complacency. 81 Nw. U. L. Rev. 693.zh_TW