學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 字彙分析教學對高中生單字習得影響之研究
A Study of the Effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Vocabulary Acquisition in a Taiwanese Senior High School
作者 徐鍬鳳
Hsu, Chiou-feng
貢獻者 張郇慧
Chang , Hsun-huei
徐鍬鳳
Hsu, Chiou-feng
關鍵詞 字彙
字彙分析
教學
英語教學
vocabulary
word analysis
instruction
English teaching
日期 2003
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 12:17:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 論文提要內容:
     本研究旨在探討字彙分析教學對台灣高中生學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之影響。本研究結果希望對英文老師在教單字上有很大的啟示作用和幫助。
     共有146位仁愛高中二年級學生參與這項研究,他們被分為實驗組和控制組;學期初,受試者接受英文能力測驗和單字前測,依據英文能力測驗成績,實驗組和控制組又細分為高低分兩組群。受試者在接受單字前測後,施以不同之單字教學:實驗組之教學方法包含字彙分析而控制組則否。18週後,他們接受單字後測。除接受後測外,實驗組還接受問卷調查和訪談。
     研究結果顯示實驗組在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之進步均大於控制組。在學習生字方面的進步,實驗組和控制組平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = 2.777, p = .006)。此外,以英文程度而言,在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面,高分組表現均優於低分組;在學習生字方面的進步,實驗高分組和控制組高分平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = .4529, p = .000);低分組群則否(t = .249, p = .804)。經問卷調查分析和訪談,實驗組對字彙分析教學大部分持正面看法,高低分組群看法也大致上相似;在字尾使用、利用字首、字根、字尾推測字義和字彙分析法強化已習得單字三方面,高分組較低分組持更肯定之看法。本文根據研究結果,提出英語教學上之應用以及未來研究之建議。
Abstract
      The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Taiwanese senior high school students’ vocabulary acquisition in learning new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. It is hoped that the results of the study can give suggestions and inspirations to English teachers in vocabulary development.
      Involved in this study were 146 second graders at Jen-ai Senior High School. They were divided into the experimental and the control groups. At the beginning of the semester, all subjects took an English proficiency test and a vocabulary pretest. According to their scores in the English proficiency test, they were further divided into high and low proficiency levels. After the vocabulary pre-test, the experiment began. The experimental and the control groups received different vocabulary instructions: the instruction of the former involved word analysis, but that of the latter did not. After 18 weeks, all of the subjects took a vocabulary post-test. In addition to the vocabulary test, the experimental group was also asked to fill in a questionnaire. Later, some interviews were conducted.
      The results of the studies reveal that the experimental group made more progress than the control group in acquiring new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. With regard to acquiring new words, the former significantly outperformed the latter (t = 2.777, p = .006). Besides, in terms of proficiency levels, the experimental high subgroup made more progress than the experimental low one. Regarding learning new words, the experimental high subgroup significantly outperformed the control one (t = .4529, p = .000), but there was no statistical difference between the low proficiency subgroups (t = .249, p = .804). Also, the questionnaire and interview results show that most of the subjects in the experimental group were positive about Word Analysis Instruction and that the high and low proficiency levels share similar points of view; in use of suffixes and vocabulary consolidation, high proficiency subjects tend to hold a more positive view than low proficiency ones. Based on the above results, some pedagogical implications for English teachers and suggestions are provided at the end of the study.
參考文獻 REFERENCES
Ahmed, M. O. (1989). Vocabulary learning strategies. In P. Meara (Ed.), Beyond words. London: CILT.
Ausubel, D. A. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Baumann, J. F., Edwards, E. C., Font, G., Tereshinski, C. A., Kame’enui, E. J., Olejink, S. (2002) Teaching morphemic and contextual analysis to fifth-grade students. Reading Research Quarterly, 37 (2), 150-176.
Besoussan, M., & Laufer, B. (1984). Lexical guessing in context in EFL reading comprehension. Journal of Research in Reading 7, 15-32.
Blachowicz, C., & Fisher, P. (1996). Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms. New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Breen, L. C. (1960). Vocabulary development by teaching prefixes, suffixes and root derivatives. Reading Teacher, 14, 93-97.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Education.
Carter, R., & McCarthy, M. (1991). Vocabulary and language teaching. New York: Longman.
Carton, A. S. (1971). Inferencing: A process in using and learning language. In. P. Pimsleur and T. Quinn (eds.), The Psychology of Second Language Learning (pp. 45-58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
College Entrance Examination Center. (2002). Senior high school word list.
College Entrance Examination Center. (2003). The English scholastic achievement test. [Electronic version].
Cornog, M. W. (1998). Merriam-Webster`s vocabulary builder. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.
Fan, L. M. (2004). A study of vocabulary in senior high school English textbooks. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei.
Fountain, R. L. (1979). Word making and word taking: A game to motivate language learning. RELC Journal: Guidelines, 1, 76-80.
Fred, P., & Baron, J. (1982). Individual difference in acquisition of derivational morphology. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 282-295.
Graves, M. F., & Hammond, H. K. (1980). A validated procedure for teaching prefixes and its effect on students` ability to assign meanings to novel words. In M. L. Kamil & A.J. Moe (Eds.), Perspective reading research and instruction. Twenty-ninth yearbook of the national reading conference (pp. 184-188).
Haynes, M. (1984). Patterns and perils of guessing in second language reading. In J. Handscombe, R. A. Orem and B. P. Taylor (Eds.), On TESOL ’83: The Question of Control (pp. 163-176). Washington, DC:P TESOL.
Hanson, I. W. (1966). First-grade children work with variant word endings. The Reading Teacher, 19, 505-507, 511).
Honeyfield, J. (1977). Word frequency and the importance of context in vocabulary learning. RELC Journal 8, 35-42.
Huang, T. L. (1997). The necessity of improving research on vocabulary teaching. The Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium. The Crane Publish Co., Ltd.
Irwin, J. W., & Baker, I. (1989). Promoting active reading strategies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Johnson, D.D., & Pearson, P.D. (1978). Teaching reading vocabulary. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Jiang, J. Y. (2001). Effects of vocabulary learning strategy instruction on senior high school students with different English Achievement. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung.
Keen, D. (1994). Developing vocabulary skills (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinle.
Laufer, B., & Sim, D. D. (1985). Taking the easy way out: Non-use and misuse of clues in EFL reading. English Teaching Forum 23, 7-10, 20.
Li, E. L. (1997). A study of the effects of word analysis on vocabulary teaching and learning in senior high school. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei.
Lin, T. F. (2000). The teaching of vocabulary in Taiwan: A review. Selected Papers from the Ninth International Symposium on English Teaching. The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.
Liu, N., & Nation, I. S. P. (1985). Factors affecting guessing vocabulary in context. RELC Journal 16, 33-42.
Lu, M. C. (2002). A study of the effects of vocabulary strategy instruction on senior high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei.
Moore, D. W. (1987). Vocabulary. In D.E. Alvermann, D.W. Moore, & M.W. Conley (Eds.), Research within reach secondary school reading (pp. 64-79). Delamare: International Reading Association, Inc.
Nation, I. S. P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Boston, Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
Nation, I. S. P., & Coady, J. (1988). Vocabulary and reading. In Cater and McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary and language teaching (pp. 97-110). London: Longman.
Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 304-330.
Nicole, J. E., Graves, M. F., & Slater, W. H. (1984). Building vocabulary through prefix instruction. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Otterman, L. M. (1955). The value of teaching prefixes and word-roots. Journal of Educational Research, 48, 611-616.
Read, J. (2000). Assessing vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sanaoui, R. (1995). Adult learners’ approaches to learning vocabulary in second languages. Modern Language Journal, 79, 15-28.
Schmitt, N. (1997). Vocabulary learning strategies. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp199-227).
Shepherd, J. R. (1973). The relations between knowledge of word parts and knowledge of derivatives among college freshman. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University.
Shih, W. H. (2002). The effects of applying phonics instruction and word analysis to vocabulary teaching in EFL classes. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei.
Sloat, C., & Taylor, S. (1996). The structure of English words (4th ed.). Iowa: Kendall/Hunt.
Sternberg, R. J. & J. S. Powell. (1983). Comprehending verbal comprehension. American Psychologist 38, 878-893.
Stahl, S. A., & Fairbanks, M. M. (1986). The effects of vocabulary instruction: A model-based meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 56 (1), 72-110.
Stauffer, R.G. (1942). A study of prefixes in the Thorndike list to establish a list of prefixes that should be taught in the elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 35 (6), 453-458.
Stockwell, R., & Minkova, D. (2001). English words: History and structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Templeton, S. (1983). Using the spelling/meaning connection to develop word knowledge in older students. Journal of Reading, 27, 8-14.
Thompson, E. (1958). The `master word approach` to vocabulary training. Journal of Developmental Reading 2 (I), 62-66.
Thorndike, E. L. (1941). The teaching of English suffixes. New York: Columbia Univeristy, Teachers College.
Wilkins, R. (1972). Linguistics and Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
White, T. G., Sowell, J., & Yahagihara, A. (1989). Teaching elementary students to use word-part clues. The Reading Teacher, 42, 302-308.
Wysocki, K., & Jenkins, J. (1987). Deriving word meanings through morphological generalization. Reading Research Quarterly, 22 (1), 66-81.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系英語教學碩士在職專班
909510021
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0909510021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張郇慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang , Hsun-hueien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐鍬鳳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Chiou-fengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐鍬鳳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Chiou-fengen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 12:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 12:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 12:17:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0909510021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31812-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系英語教學碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 909510021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文提要內容:
     本研究旨在探討字彙分析教學對台灣高中生學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之影響。本研究結果希望對英文老師在教單字上有很大的啟示作用和幫助。
     共有146位仁愛高中二年級學生參與這項研究,他們被分為實驗組和控制組;學期初,受試者接受英文能力測驗和單字前測,依據英文能力測驗成績,實驗組和控制組又細分為高低分兩組群。受試者在接受單字前測後,施以不同之單字教學:實驗組之教學方法包含字彙分析而控制組則否。18週後,他們接受單字後測。除接受後測外,實驗組還接受問卷調查和訪談。
     研究結果顯示實驗組在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面之進步均大於控制組。在學習生字方面的進步,實驗組和控制組平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = 2.777, p = .006)。此外,以英文程度而言,在學習生字、強化已習得之單字和推測字意三方面,高分組表現均優於低分組;在學習生字方面的進步,實驗高分組和控制組高分平均數差異檢定已達到顯著水準(t = .4529, p = .000);低分組群則否(t = .249, p = .804)。經問卷調查分析和訪談,實驗組對字彙分析教學大部分持正面看法,高低分組群看法也大致上相似;在字尾使用、利用字首、字根、字尾推測字義和字彙分析法強化已習得單字三方面,高分組較低分組持更肯定之看法。本文根據研究結果,提出英語教學上之應用以及未來研究之建議。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Abstract
      The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Taiwanese senior high school students’ vocabulary acquisition in learning new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. It is hoped that the results of the study can give suggestions and inspirations to English teachers in vocabulary development.
      Involved in this study were 146 second graders at Jen-ai Senior High School. They were divided into the experimental and the control groups. At the beginning of the semester, all subjects took an English proficiency test and a vocabulary pretest. According to their scores in the English proficiency test, they were further divided into high and low proficiency levels. After the vocabulary pre-test, the experiment began. The experimental and the control groups received different vocabulary instructions: the instruction of the former involved word analysis, but that of the latter did not. After 18 weeks, all of the subjects took a vocabulary post-test. In addition to the vocabulary test, the experimental group was also asked to fill in a questionnaire. Later, some interviews were conducted.
      The results of the studies reveal that the experimental group made more progress than the control group in acquiring new words, in consolidating previously learned words, and in inferring word meanings. With regard to acquiring new words, the former significantly outperformed the latter (t = 2.777, p = .006). Besides, in terms of proficiency levels, the experimental high subgroup made more progress than the experimental low one. Regarding learning new words, the experimental high subgroup significantly outperformed the control one (t = .4529, p = .000), but there was no statistical difference between the low proficiency subgroups (t = .249, p = .804). Also, the questionnaire and interview results show that most of the subjects in the experimental group were positive about Word Analysis Instruction and that the high and low proficiency levels share similar points of view; in use of suffixes and vocabulary consolidation, high proficiency subjects tend to hold a more positive view than low proficiency ones. Based on the above results, some pedagogical implications for English teachers and suggestions are provided at the end of the study.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
     
      Page
     Acknowledgement iii
     Table of Contents iv
     List of Tables vii
     List of Figures ix
     Chinese Abstract x
     English Abstract xii
     Chapter
     1 Introduction 1
     1.1 Background and Motivation 1
     1.2 Purpose of the Study 4
     1.3 Research Questions 4
     2 Literature Review 6
     2.1 Word Analysis 6
     2.1.1 Characteristics of Morphemes 7
     2.1.2 Types of Morphemes 7
     2.1.3 Morphological Rules 11
     2.2 Word Analysis Instruction 13
     2.3 Previous Studies on Word Analysis 17
     2.4 Rationale of the Study 20
     3 Methods and Data Analysis 23
     3.1 Subjects 23
     3.2 Instruments 25
     3.2.1 English Proficiency Test 25
     3.2.2 Vocabulary Pre-test & Post-test 26
     3.2.3 Questionnaire 27
     3.2.4 Interviews 28
     3.3 Vocabulary Instruction 29
     3.3.1 Vocabulary Teaching for the Control Group 29
     3.3.2 Word Analysis Instruction 30
     3.4 Procedure 31
     3.5 Data Analysis 32
     4 Results and Discussion 34
     4.1 The Pre-test & Post-test Results 34
     4.1.1 The Effect of Word Analysis on Learning New Words 34
     4.1.2 The Effect of Word Analysis on Consolidating Vocabulary 38
     4.1.3 The Effect of Word Analysis on Inferring Word Meanings 42
     4.2 The Results of the Questionnaire Survey 46
     4.2.1 Perceptions on Learning New Words 46
     4.2.2 Perceptions on Consolidating Vocabulary 49
     4.2.3 Perceptions on Inferring Word Meanings 50
     4.2.4 Perceptions on Receiving Word Analysis Instruction 52
     4.3 Interview Reports 54
     4.3.1 Responses to Learning New Words 55
     4.3.2 Responses to Consolidating Vocabulary 57
     4.3.3 Responses to Inferring Word Meanings 57
     4.3.4 Responses to Receiving Word Analysis Instruction 58
     4.4 Summary 59
     5 Conclusions, Implications, and Suggestion 63
     5.1 Findings and Conclusions 63
     5.2 Pedagogical Implications 66
     5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research 69
     Appendixes 71
     Appendix A 71
     Appendix B 78
     Appendix C 82
     Appendix D 86
     Appendix E 87
     References 88
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0909510021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 字彙zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 字彙分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) vocabularyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) word analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) instructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) English teachingen_US
dc.title (題名) 字彙分析教學對高中生單字習得影響之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study of the Effect of Word Analysis Instruction on Vocabulary Acquisition in a Taiwanese Senior High Schoolen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) REFERENCESzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ahmed, M. O. (1989). Vocabulary learning strategies. In P. Meara (Ed.), Beyond words. London: CILT.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ausubel, D. A. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baumann, J. F., Edwards, E. C., Font, G., Tereshinski, C. A., Kame’enui, E. J., Olejink, S. (2002) Teaching morphemic and contextual analysis to fifth-grade students. Reading Research Quarterly, 37 (2), 150-176.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Besoussan, M., & Laufer, B. (1984). Lexical guessing in context in EFL reading comprehension. Journal of Research in Reading 7, 15-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blachowicz, C., & Fisher, P. (1996). Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms. New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Breen, L. C. (1960). Vocabulary development by teaching prefixes, suffixes and root derivatives. Reading Teacher, 14, 93-97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Education.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carter, R., & McCarthy, M. (1991). Vocabulary and language teaching. New York: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carton, A. S. (1971). Inferencing: A process in using and learning language. In. P. Pimsleur and T. Quinn (eds.), The Psychology of Second Language Learning (pp. 45-58). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) College Entrance Examination Center. (2002). Senior high school word list.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) College Entrance Examination Center. (2003). The English scholastic achievement test. [Electronic version].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cornog, M. W. (1998). Merriam-Webster`s vocabulary builder. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fan, L. M. (2004). A study of vocabulary in senior high school English textbooks. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fountain, R. L. (1979). Word making and word taking: A game to motivate language learning. RELC Journal: Guidelines, 1, 76-80.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fred, P., & Baron, J. (1982). Individual difference in acquisition of derivational morphology. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 282-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Graves, M. F., & Hammond, H. K. (1980). A validated procedure for teaching prefixes and its effect on students` ability to assign meanings to novel words. In M. L. Kamil & A.J. Moe (Eds.), Perspective reading research and instruction. Twenty-ninth yearbook of the national reading conference (pp. 184-188).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haynes, M. (1984). Patterns and perils of guessing in second language reading. In J. Handscombe, R. A. Orem and B. P. Taylor (Eds.), On TESOL ’83: The Question of Control (pp. 163-176). Washington, DC:P TESOL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hanson, I. W. (1966). First-grade children work with variant word endings. The Reading Teacher, 19, 505-507, 511).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Honeyfield, J. (1977). Word frequency and the importance of context in vocabulary learning. RELC Journal 8, 35-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huang, T. L. (1997). The necessity of improving research on vocabulary teaching. The Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium. The Crane Publish Co., Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Irwin, J. W., & Baker, I. (1989). Promoting active reading strategies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, D.D., & Pearson, P.D. (1978). Teaching reading vocabulary. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jiang, J. Y. (2001). Effects of vocabulary learning strategy instruction on senior high school students with different English Achievement. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keen, D. (1994). Developing vocabulary skills (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinle.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Laufer, B., & Sim, D. D. (1985). Taking the easy way out: Non-use and misuse of clues in EFL reading. English Teaching Forum 23, 7-10, 20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li, E. L. (1997). A study of the effects of word analysis on vocabulary teaching and learning in senior high school. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin, T. F. (2000). The teaching of vocabulary in Taiwan: A review. Selected Papers from the Ninth International Symposium on English Teaching. The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, N., & Nation, I. S. P. (1985). Factors affecting guessing vocabulary in context. RELC Journal 16, 33-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lu, M. C. (2002). A study of the effects of vocabulary strategy instruction on senior high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moore, D. W. (1987). Vocabulary. In D.E. Alvermann, D.W. Moore, & M.W. Conley (Eds.), Research within reach secondary school reading (pp. 64-79). Delamare: International Reading Association, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nation, I. S. P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Boston, Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nation, I. S. P., & Coady, J. (1988). Vocabulary and reading. In Cater and McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary and language teaching (pp. 97-110). London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 304-330.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicole, J. E., Graves, M. F., & Slater, W. H. (1984). Building vocabulary through prefix instruction. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Otterman, L. M. (1955). The value of teaching prefixes and word-roots. Journal of Educational Research, 48, 611-616.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Read, J. (2000). Assessing vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sanaoui, R. (1995). Adult learners’ approaches to learning vocabulary in second languages. Modern Language Journal, 79, 15-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmitt, N. (1997). Vocabulary learning strategies. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp199-227).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shepherd, J. R. (1973). The relations between knowledge of word parts and knowledge of derivatives among college freshman. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shih, W. H. (2002). The effects of applying phonics instruction and word analysis to vocabulary teaching in EFL classes. Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sloat, C., & Taylor, S. (1996). The structure of English words (4th ed.). Iowa: Kendall/Hunt.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sternberg, R. J. & J. S. Powell. (1983). Comprehending verbal comprehension. American Psychologist 38, 878-893.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stahl, S. A., & Fairbanks, M. M. (1986). The effects of vocabulary instruction: A model-based meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 56 (1), 72-110.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stauffer, R.G. (1942). A study of prefixes in the Thorndike list to establish a list of prefixes that should be taught in the elementary school. Journal of Educational Research, 35 (6), 453-458.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stockwell, R., & Minkova, D. (2001). English words: History and structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Templeton, S. (1983). Using the spelling/meaning connection to develop word knowledge in older students. Journal of Reading, 27, 8-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thompson, E. (1958). The `master word approach` to vocabulary training. Journal of Developmental Reading 2 (I), 62-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thorndike, E. L. (1941). The teaching of English suffixes. New York: Columbia Univeristy, Teachers College.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkins, R. (1972). Linguistics and Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) White, T. G., Sowell, J., & Yahagihara, A. (1989). Teaching elementary students to use word-part clues. The Reading Teacher, 42, 302-308.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wysocki, K., & Jenkins, J. (1987). Deriving word meanings through morphological generalization. Reading Research Quarterly, 22 (1), 66-81.zh_TW