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題名 民營化組織變革的不確定性認知對組織承諾之影響研究
作者 羅春月
Luo,Chuen Yueh
貢獻者 吳瓊恩
羅春月
Luo,Chuen Yueh
關鍵詞 認知
組織變革
工作壓力
組織承諾
cognition
organizational changes
work stress
organizational commitment
日期 2003
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 12:24:22 (UTC+8)
摘要 在經濟自由化、國際化潮流的衝擊下,公營事業「私有化」(privatization)自1980年代以來成為主流思潮,在國內政治、經濟、社會發展日趨成熟,以及公營事業機構經營績效普遍不彰的環境下,紛紛要求政府去保護、去壟斷、去管制,讓公營事業回歸市場競爭機制,於是行政院於1989年成立跨部會的「專案小組」負責推動民營化工作,惟民營化的腳步卻顯得蹣跚難以開展,直到1996年「國家發展會議」中才確立「加速民營化」的共識後,民營化政策乃如火如荼的展開。
     歷經十幾年民營化推行的結果,弊端叢生,有淪為財團化、賤賣國產、政治酬庸工具、製造大量失業的疑慮,並嚴重損及員工既有的工作權益,而廣受訾議;近年來更質變為政府籌措財源的工具,以致員工抵制、抗爭民營化政策持續未歇,乃至遊說立法委員通過特別立法加以保護與刪減釋股預算等,百般推遲、阻撓民營化進度,究其原因,乃在員工預期民營化組織變革將帶來不確定性未來的集體共同認知使然,害怕減薪、裁員、失去工作保障、勞動條件改變、僱庸關係變更、喪失公務員身分、權力及社會地位降低、經濟利益減損、可用資源減少、工作量增加…等等。
     本研究以公賣局為個案研究,公賣局為因應民營化的需要,改善經營體質,提升組織競爭力,從1996 年開始規劃實施一連串的組織變革措施中,主要進行人力精簡、組織調整及全面品質管理等三大重要變革措施,其中以人力精簡與組織調整對員工的衝擊影響最大;人力精簡從1997年到2003年10月底止,已精簡4371人,有1/3以上的員工選擇優惠離退,而組織調整的方式則以簡併、裁撤、遷廠方式為之,影響了數千名員工的工作地點、工作性質、人際關係與環境的變動,員工在經歷這些重大組織變革,其對民營化組織變革的認知情況如何,是否會反應在工作壓力與組織承諾上,所以本研究即以微觀的認知觀點,試圖從員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知切入,來探求民營化組織變革的不確定性認知,對員工工作壓力與組織承諾的影響情況,深切鋪陳員工心理層面的憂鬱、焦慮、徬徨的感受,以提供政府當局及變革推動者參考。
     本研究除採用文獻探討法對過去學者研究文獻做一回顧與整理外,並使用問卷調查法,以2004年2月底留任在台灣菸酒公司流通事業部職員為研究對象,所得有效樣本462份資料,以描述性統計分析、因素分析、信度分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、逐步迴歸分析等統計方法予以分析。
     本研究主要獲致結論如下:
     在描述性統計分析方面,員工最擔心的是被減薪(87.9%)、職務或工作地點變動(82%)、被裁員或解僱(80.8%)、失去公務員身分工作權較無保障(78.8%)、以及對個人未來的事業生涯有不安與徬徨的感受(76.6%),除此之外,對未來角色的變更也充滿相當的憂慮,在變革過程中,員工也認為所獲取或接觸的變革資訊嚴重不足,也顯示參與決策與溝通的管道不夠暢通,並且也相信民營化組織變革將使組織發展更具變動性,在在均說明了員工對民營化組織變革充滿了不確定性的認知程度相當高。反應在工作壓力方面,則以「焦慮反應」最為嚴重,平均數比率為75.56%,其次為「工作過荷」的現象為70.82%,然其對組織的「價值及努力承諾」、「留職承諾」仍舊是非常高昂,平均數比率分別為71.8%、71.62%。
     在差異性分析方面,發現有顯著差異者有:1.不同年齡、職位的員工對「變革資訊」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。2.不同工作類別的員工對「溝通疑慮」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。3.不同職位員工對「組織發展」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。4.不同職位的員工對「低自尊」有顯著差異。5.不同工作類別的員工對「留職承諾」有顯著差異。
     在相關分析方面,民營化組織變革的不確定性認知與工作壓力呈高度正向相關,與組織承諾則呈中度負向相關,而工作壓力與組織承諾則呈高度負向相關。
     在預測力分析方面,民營化組織變革的不確定性認知對工作壓力、工作壓力對組織承諾均具解釋力或預測力,且工作壓力對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知與組織承諾間具有中介效果,亦即留任員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知程度愈高,其工作壓力愈大,工作壓力愈大,則員工的組織承諾愈低。
     本研究根據研究結論分別對政府、事業機構、員工及後續研究者提出建議,期以建構更完善的民營化政策、以及提出更完整、更具價值的研究成果。
     
      關鍵字: 認 知
     組織變革
      工作壓力
      組織承諾
Under economy liberalization trend, as well as globalization influences, the public enterprise privatization became a leading trend starting from 1980s, Internal (domestic) politics, economy, society development is mature rapidly, and public enterprises management agency are generally not developing/improving, makes them requesting government to give up protection, monopolize, controls etc. in order to put the public enterprises into competitive market mechanism.
     Hence in 1989 Executive Yuan had set up a special team in charge for pushing government entity for privatization, although privatization moves was halting and difficult to develop at the start, untill 1996 the Country Development Meeting where participants has reached a common view to accelerate the privatization issue, the privatization became a hot topic like a raging fire that everyone is talking about.
     Over ten years after privatization was carried out, disadvantage clusters, conglomeration of companies, low price sales and quisling government properties, political bribing, unemployment misgivings, seriously damaging workers interests and rights, and became a widely discuss issues.
     In recent years it even deteriorated and spoiled into a fund raising tools, which made workers to boycott, then fights against privatization policy continues. And even canvassed legislators to enforce protection laws, truncate and write off budgets, all sorts of put off or deferred to obstruct and jeopardize the progress of privatization.
     Trace to its cause, worker anticipation that privatization will bring uncertainty in the future due to the change of the organization, salary reduction, lay off staff, loosing job indemnification, labor laws and regulation changes, relation alteration in the employment system, loss of civil servant status, social status and rights diminishing, economical benefits reductions, available resource decreasing, increase of workload etc, etc..
     This research is based on Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Board as a case study, due to the need of privatization to improve its management, increase of competitiveness capability, starting from 1996 Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation has taken up a series of organization transformation measures, there were 3 major improvement measures, mainly on manpower simplification; organization adjustment and overall quality control management. Where the manpower and organization adjustment have the most direct influence to staff/workers; Manpower reduction has been started since 1997 and up till the end of October 2003, there were already 4,371 persons reduced, 1/3 above personnel choose the preferential leave quit, while re-organization is implemented using simplification, dissolve of companies, relocate of factories, this has affected thousands of staff/worker’s work place, jobs nature, relationship and environmental alterations. Upon they experienced all these significant re-organization major changes. How do staff/workers recognition towards organization changes due to the privatization effect? Will it reflect in their work commitment due to the work pressure and organization changes?
     This study is based on basic cognitive point of view, attempt to cut in from worker’s uncertain recognition to organization changes by privatization, seeking for uncertain recognition of organization transformation cause by privatization, the effect towards personnel work pressure and organization commitments, deeply elaborate personnel psychology disconsolation, anxiety, hesitation, in order to provide to government authority and the reformers for references.
     This research adopt and consolidate the previously research documentary retrospect, it also combine with questionnaires inquisition. Based on the research object from Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation Business Distribution Unit staff at the end of February 2004, obtained effective samples of 462 item and were analyzed with Descriptive Statistic Analysis method, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, t-Test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Analysis of Regression, Analysis of Stepwise Regression Statistical.
     The main conclusions of this research are as follows:
     Under descriptive statistic analysis salary reduction is the most worried case (87.9%), duty and or work place alteration (82%), lay off staff (80.8%), loss of civil servant status and work rights (78.8%), fear of personal future business career uncertainty hesitation (76.6%), in addition to this, anxiety to the future personal role’s alteration. And during the changes period, staff/workers felt if organizational changes information severely lack of, it also shows if decision makers has impeded the communication in between, and the belief that privatization of organizational changes will let the organization development full with alteration nature. This illustrates staff/workers have very high uncertainty cognition to the privatization of organizational changes. Reaction shown directly on work stresses, while anxiety reaction is the most severe case, average rating at 75.56%, following is work overloaded phenomenon with 70.82%, but to organizational value and effort commitment, retention commitment are still lofty, average ratio at 71.8% and 71.62% respectively.
     At divergence analysis, it is found there is a distinct difference at
     1. Age differences: on duty staff/workers have a different opinion of uncertain cognition to organizational changes information.
     2. Different job sections staff/workers have distinct recognition on communication misgiving uncertainty cognition.
     3. Different position/grade personnel has a different recognition on organization development.
     4. Different position/grade personnel has distinct recognition on low self-esteem.
     5. Different Job sections staff/workers has different recognition on retention commitment.
     On correlation analysis, there is a high positive relationship between privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and work stress, while it shows a medium negative relationship to organizational commitment; work stress and organizational commitment shows a high negative relationship.
     In forecast analysis, privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and work stress, work stress and organizational commitment both equipped with elucidate and anticipation power, while work stress and privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and organizational commitment are of intermediate effect, in other words for staff to remain in office will increase its recognition to privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition, work stress will be heavier, when work stress becomes bigger, staff/workers organizational commitment will become lesser.
     This research concludes for suggestions to government entity, enterprises, staff/workers and the fellow researchers to improve the privatization program and submit more valuable and complete study results.
     Key words : cognition 、organizational changes、work stress 、 organizational commitment
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
90921057
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090921057
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳瓊恩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅春月zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Luo,Chuen Yuehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 羅春月zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Luo,Chuen Yuehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 12:24:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 12:24:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 12:24:22 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090921057en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31853-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90921057zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在經濟自由化、國際化潮流的衝擊下,公營事業「私有化」(privatization)自1980年代以來成為主流思潮,在國內政治、經濟、社會發展日趨成熟,以及公營事業機構經營績效普遍不彰的環境下,紛紛要求政府去保護、去壟斷、去管制,讓公營事業回歸市場競爭機制,於是行政院於1989年成立跨部會的「專案小組」負責推動民營化工作,惟民營化的腳步卻顯得蹣跚難以開展,直到1996年「國家發展會議」中才確立「加速民營化」的共識後,民營化政策乃如火如荼的展開。
     歷經十幾年民營化推行的結果,弊端叢生,有淪為財團化、賤賣國產、政治酬庸工具、製造大量失業的疑慮,並嚴重損及員工既有的工作權益,而廣受訾議;近年來更質變為政府籌措財源的工具,以致員工抵制、抗爭民營化政策持續未歇,乃至遊說立法委員通過特別立法加以保護與刪減釋股預算等,百般推遲、阻撓民營化進度,究其原因,乃在員工預期民營化組織變革將帶來不確定性未來的集體共同認知使然,害怕減薪、裁員、失去工作保障、勞動條件改變、僱庸關係變更、喪失公務員身分、權力及社會地位降低、經濟利益減損、可用資源減少、工作量增加…等等。
     本研究以公賣局為個案研究,公賣局為因應民營化的需要,改善經營體質,提升組織競爭力,從1996 年開始規劃實施一連串的組織變革措施中,主要進行人力精簡、組織調整及全面品質管理等三大重要變革措施,其中以人力精簡與組織調整對員工的衝擊影響最大;人力精簡從1997年到2003年10月底止,已精簡4371人,有1/3以上的員工選擇優惠離退,而組織調整的方式則以簡併、裁撤、遷廠方式為之,影響了數千名員工的工作地點、工作性質、人際關係與環境的變動,員工在經歷這些重大組織變革,其對民營化組織變革的認知情況如何,是否會反應在工作壓力與組織承諾上,所以本研究即以微觀的認知觀點,試圖從員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知切入,來探求民營化組織變革的不確定性認知,對員工工作壓力與組織承諾的影響情況,深切鋪陳員工心理層面的憂鬱、焦慮、徬徨的感受,以提供政府當局及變革推動者參考。
     本研究除採用文獻探討法對過去學者研究文獻做一回顧與整理外,並使用問卷調查法,以2004年2月底留任在台灣菸酒公司流通事業部職員為研究對象,所得有效樣本462份資料,以描述性統計分析、因素分析、信度分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、逐步迴歸分析等統計方法予以分析。
     本研究主要獲致結論如下:
     在描述性統計分析方面,員工最擔心的是被減薪(87.9%)、職務或工作地點變動(82%)、被裁員或解僱(80.8%)、失去公務員身分工作權較無保障(78.8%)、以及對個人未來的事業生涯有不安與徬徨的感受(76.6%),除此之外,對未來角色的變更也充滿相當的憂慮,在變革過程中,員工也認為所獲取或接觸的變革資訊嚴重不足,也顯示參與決策與溝通的管道不夠暢通,並且也相信民營化組織變革將使組織發展更具變動性,在在均說明了員工對民營化組織變革充滿了不確定性的認知程度相當高。反應在工作壓力方面,則以「焦慮反應」最為嚴重,平均數比率為75.56%,其次為「工作過荷」的現象為70.82%,然其對組織的「價值及努力承諾」、「留職承諾」仍舊是非常高昂,平均數比率分別為71.8%、71.62%。
     在差異性分析方面,發現有顯著差異者有:1.不同年齡、職位的員工對「變革資訊」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。2.不同工作類別的員工對「溝通疑慮」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。3.不同職位員工對「組織發展」的不確定性認知有顯著差異。4.不同職位的員工對「低自尊」有顯著差異。5.不同工作類別的員工對「留職承諾」有顯著差異。
     在相關分析方面,民營化組織變革的不確定性認知與工作壓力呈高度正向相關,與組織承諾則呈中度負向相關,而工作壓力與組織承諾則呈高度負向相關。
     在預測力分析方面,民營化組織變革的不確定性認知對工作壓力、工作壓力對組織承諾均具解釋力或預測力,且工作壓力對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知與組織承諾間具有中介效果,亦即留任員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知程度愈高,其工作壓力愈大,工作壓力愈大,則員工的組織承諾愈低。
     本研究根據研究結論分別對政府、事業機構、員工及後續研究者提出建議,期以建構更完善的民營化政策、以及提出更完整、更具價值的研究成果。
     
      關鍵字: 認 知
     組織變革
      工作壓力
      組織承諾
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Under economy liberalization trend, as well as globalization influences, the public enterprise privatization became a leading trend starting from 1980s, Internal (domestic) politics, economy, society development is mature rapidly, and public enterprises management agency are generally not developing/improving, makes them requesting government to give up protection, monopolize, controls etc. in order to put the public enterprises into competitive market mechanism.
     Hence in 1989 Executive Yuan had set up a special team in charge for pushing government entity for privatization, although privatization moves was halting and difficult to develop at the start, untill 1996 the Country Development Meeting where participants has reached a common view to accelerate the privatization issue, the privatization became a hot topic like a raging fire that everyone is talking about.
     Over ten years after privatization was carried out, disadvantage clusters, conglomeration of companies, low price sales and quisling government properties, political bribing, unemployment misgivings, seriously damaging workers interests and rights, and became a widely discuss issues.
     In recent years it even deteriorated and spoiled into a fund raising tools, which made workers to boycott, then fights against privatization policy continues. And even canvassed legislators to enforce protection laws, truncate and write off budgets, all sorts of put off or deferred to obstruct and jeopardize the progress of privatization.
     Trace to its cause, worker anticipation that privatization will bring uncertainty in the future due to the change of the organization, salary reduction, lay off staff, loosing job indemnification, labor laws and regulation changes, relation alteration in the employment system, loss of civil servant status, social status and rights diminishing, economical benefits reductions, available resource decreasing, increase of workload etc, etc..
     This research is based on Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Board as a case study, due to the need of privatization to improve its management, increase of competitiveness capability, starting from 1996 Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation has taken up a series of organization transformation measures, there were 3 major improvement measures, mainly on manpower simplification; organization adjustment and overall quality control management. Where the manpower and organization adjustment have the most direct influence to staff/workers; Manpower reduction has been started since 1997 and up till the end of October 2003, there were already 4,371 persons reduced, 1/3 above personnel choose the preferential leave quit, while re-organization is implemented using simplification, dissolve of companies, relocate of factories, this has affected thousands of staff/worker’s work place, jobs nature, relationship and environmental alterations. Upon they experienced all these significant re-organization major changes. How do staff/workers recognition towards organization changes due to the privatization effect? Will it reflect in their work commitment due to the work pressure and organization changes?
     This study is based on basic cognitive point of view, attempt to cut in from worker’s uncertain recognition to organization changes by privatization, seeking for uncertain recognition of organization transformation cause by privatization, the effect towards personnel work pressure and organization commitments, deeply elaborate personnel psychology disconsolation, anxiety, hesitation, in order to provide to government authority and the reformers for references.
     This research adopt and consolidate the previously research documentary retrospect, it also combine with questionnaires inquisition. Based on the research object from Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation Business Distribution Unit staff at the end of February 2004, obtained effective samples of 462 item and were analyzed with Descriptive Statistic Analysis method, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, t-Test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Analysis of Regression, Analysis of Stepwise Regression Statistical.
     The main conclusions of this research are as follows:
     Under descriptive statistic analysis salary reduction is the most worried case (87.9%), duty and or work place alteration (82%), lay off staff (80.8%), loss of civil servant status and work rights (78.8%), fear of personal future business career uncertainty hesitation (76.6%), in addition to this, anxiety to the future personal role’s alteration. And during the changes period, staff/workers felt if organizational changes information severely lack of, it also shows if decision makers has impeded the communication in between, and the belief that privatization of organizational changes will let the organization development full with alteration nature. This illustrates staff/workers have very high uncertainty cognition to the privatization of organizational changes. Reaction shown directly on work stresses, while anxiety reaction is the most severe case, average rating at 75.56%, following is work overloaded phenomenon with 70.82%, but to organizational value and effort commitment, retention commitment are still lofty, average ratio at 71.8% and 71.62% respectively.
     At divergence analysis, it is found there is a distinct difference at
     1. Age differences: on duty staff/workers have a different opinion of uncertain cognition to organizational changes information.
     2. Different job sections staff/workers have distinct recognition on communication misgiving uncertainty cognition.
     3. Different position/grade personnel has a different recognition on organization development.
     4. Different position/grade personnel has distinct recognition on low self-esteem.
     5. Different Job sections staff/workers has different recognition on retention commitment.
     On correlation analysis, there is a high positive relationship between privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and work stress, while it shows a medium negative relationship to organizational commitment; work stress and organizational commitment shows a high negative relationship.
     In forecast analysis, privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and work stress, work stress and organizational commitment both equipped with elucidate and anticipation power, while work stress and privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition and organizational commitment are of intermediate effect, in other words for staff to remain in office will increase its recognition to privatization of organizational changes uncertainty cognition, work stress will be heavier, when work stress becomes bigger, staff/workers organizational commitment will become lesser.
     This research concludes for suggestions to government entity, enterprises, staff/workers and the fellow researchers to improve the privatization program and submit more valuable and complete study results.
     Key words : cognition 、organizational changes、work stress 、 organizational commitment
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
     第一節 研究背景與動機
     壹、研究背景…………………………………………………………………01
     貳、研究動機…………………………………………………………………05
     第二節 研究目的與研究問題
     壹、研究目的…………………………………………………………………09
     貳、研究問題…………………………………………………………………09
     第三節 研究方法與研究限制
     壹、研究方法…………………………………………………………………10
     貳、研究限制…………………………………………………………………10
     第四節 範圍與研究流程
     壹、研究範圍…………………………………………………………………12
     貳、研究流程…………………………………………………………………12
     
     第二章 文獻探討
     第一節 組織變革相關文獻
     壹、組織變革相關模式………………………………………………………14
     貳、組織變革的成因…………………………………………………………17
     參、抗拒變革的原因…………………………………………………………19
     肆、變革的反應………………………………………………………………20
     伍、民營化組織變革的不確定性認知………………………………………23
     陸、人口統計變項與民營化組織變革認知相關實證研究…………………29
     柒、小結………………………………………………………………………33
     第二節 工作壓力相關文獻
     壹、工作壓力的定義…………………………………………………………33
     貳、工作壓力的相關模式……………………………………………………35
     參、工作壓力的來源…………………………………………………………40
     肆、壓力反應…………………………………………………………………41
     伍、人口統計變項與工作壓力之實證研究…………………………………42
     陸、工作壓力構面的建構……………………………………………………43
     柒、小結………………………………………………………………………43
     第三節 組織承諾相關文獻
     壹、組織承諾的定義…………………………………………………………44
     貳、組織承諾的分類…………………………………………………………46
     參、組織承諾的相關模式……………………………………………………48
     肆、組織承諾相關實證研究…………………………………………………50
     伍、人口統計變項與組織承諾相關實證研究………………………………51
     陸、組織承諾構面的建構……………………………………………………55
     柒、小結………………………………………………………………………55
     第四節 民營化組織變革認知、工作壓力與組織承諾之相關實證研究
     壹、民營化組織變革認知與工作壓力之相關實證研究……………………56
     貳、民營化組織變革認知與組織承諾之相關實證研究……………………56
     參、工作壓力與組織承諾之相關實證研究…………………………………57
     肆、民營化組織變革認知、工作壓力與組織承諾之相關實證研究………57
     伍、小結………………………………………………………………………48
     第五節 臺灣菸酒公司組織變革概況與探討
     壹、組織沿革…………………………………………………………………58
     貳、民營化組織變革進程……………………………………………………61
     參、組織變革的重要措施……………………………………………………74
     肆、小結………………………………………………………………………97
     
     第三章 研究設計
     第一節 研究架構與研究變項
     壹、研究架構…………………………………………………………………99
     貳、研究變項……………………………….………………………………100
     第二節 研究假設….……………………..….…………………….……………100
     第三節 研究設計…………………………………………………….…………101
     壹、研究對象 ………………………………………………………………101
     貳、抽樣設計與選擇抽樣方法 ……………………………………………101
     參、樣本組成 ………………………………………………………………101
     第四節 資料處理與分析方法
     壹、描述性統計 ……………………………………………………………102
     貳、因素分析 ………………………………………………………………102
     參、信度分析 ………………………………………………………………103
     肆、 t檢定 …………………………………………………………………103
     伍、單因子變異數分析 ……………………………………………………103
     陸、皮爾森(Pearson)積差相關分析……………………………………103
     柒、多元迴歸分析……………………………………………….…………103
     第五節 前測問卷與測試分析
     壹、問卷建構………………………………………………………………104
     貳、測試分析………………………………………………………………105
     第六節 樣本結構分析
     壹、性別……………………………………………………………………107
     貳、年齡……………………………………………………………………107
     參、年資……………………………………………………………………108
     肆、教育程度………………………………………………………………108
     伍、職位……………………………………………………………………108
     陸、工作類別………………………………………………………………108
     第七節 因素分析
     壹、球形檢定………………………………………………………………109
     貳、取樣適切性量數………………………………………………………109
     參、因素分析………………………………………………………………110
     肆、信度分析………………………………………………………………113
     伍、研究架構之修正………………………………………………………114
     陸、變項的操作性定義…………………………..…..……………………115
     
     第四章 實證研究結果與分析
     第一節 研究變項描述性統計
     壹、員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知情形………………………118
     貳、員工對工作壓力感受情形……………………………………………122
     參、員工對組織承諾的情形………………………………………………124
     肆、小結……………………………………………………………………126
     第二節 人口統計變項對組織變革不確定性認知的差異分析
     壹、性別……………………………………………………………………128
     貳、職位……………………………………………………………………129
     參、工作類別………………………………………………………………130
     肆、年齡……………………………………………………………………131
     伍、年資……………………………………………………………………132
     陸、教育程度………………………………………………………………134
     柒、小結……………………………………………………………………134
     第三節 人口統計變項對工作壓力之差異分析
     壹、性別……………………………………………………………………135
     貳、職位……………………………………………………………………136
     參、工作類別………………………………………………………………137
     肆、年齡……………………………………………………………………137
     伍、年資……………………………………………………………………138
     陸、教育程度………………………………………………………………139
     柒、小結……………………………………………………………………140
     第四節 人口統計變項對組織承諾之差異分析
     壹、性別……………………………………………………………………140
     貳、職位……………………………………………………………………141
     參、工作類別………………………………………………………………141
     肆、年齡……………………………………………………………………142
     伍、年資……………………………………………………………………143
     陸、教育程度………………………………………………………………143
     柒、小結……………………………………………………………………144
     第五節 民營化組織變革的不確定性認知與工作壓力之相關分析
     壹、研究假設………………………………………………………………144
     貳、研究結果分析…………………………………………………………144
     參、小結……………………………………………………………………146
     第六節 民營化組織變革不確定性認知與組織承諾之相關分析
     壹、研究假設………………………………………………………………146
     貳、研究結果分析…………………………………………………………146
     參、小結……………………………………………………………………147
     第七節 工作壓力與組織承諾之相關分析
     壹、研究假設………………………………………………………………148
     貳、研究結果分析…………………………………………………………148
     參、小結……………………………………………………………………148
     第八節 組織變革的不確定性認知、工作壓力與組織承諾之預測力分析
     壹、組織變革的不確定性認知對工作壓力的預測力分析………………149
     貳、工作壓力對組織承諾的預測力分析…………………………………153
     參、工作壓力的中介效果…………………………………………………154
     肆、小結……………………………………………………………………157
     
     第五章 結論與建議
     第一節 結論
     壹、描述性統計分析………………………………………………………158
     貳、假設驗證………………………………………………………………159
     第二節 建議
     壹、對政府的建議…………………………………………………………162
     貳、對事業機構的建議……………………………………………………166
     參、對員工的建議…………………………………………………………168
     肆、對後續研究者的建議…………………………………………………169
     參考文獻…..………………………………………………………………………170
     附 錄…………………..………………………………………………………179
     
     
     
     
     
     圖 目 錄
     
     圖1-1 研究流程圖……………………………………………….…………………13
     圖2-1 計劃性變革的整合模式………………………………….…………………16
     圖2-2 計劃性組織變革的程序………………………………….…………………17
     圖2-3 大規模組織改變的成因模型…………………………….…………………18
     圖2-4 變遷曲線以及同理心…………………………………….…………………21
     圖2-5 組織變革的時間序列模式……………………………….…………………22
     圖2-6 不確定感基本模式……………………………………….…………………25
     圖2-7 工作壓力之ISR模式…………………………………….…………………35
     圖2-8 職業壓力指標OSI模式………………………………….…………………36
     圖2-9 職業壓力模式…………………………………………….…………………37
     圖2-10 組織壓力模式…………………………………………….…………………38
     圖2-11 工作壓力概念模式……………………………………….…………………39
     圖2-12 壓力模式………………………………………………….…………………41
     圖2-13 Steers之組織承諾前因後果模式……………………………………………48
     圖2-14 Morris & Sherman之組織承諾多元預測模式………………………………49
     圖2-15 Mowday等人的組織承諾模式………………………………………………49
     圖2-16 Mathieu & Zajac組織承諾之前因、後果及相關變項模式…………………50
     圖2-17 臺灣省菸酒公賣局功能性組織架構圖……………….……………………86
     圖2-18 臺灣菸酒股份有限公司組織架構圖……………….………………………87
     圖3-1 觀念性架構………………………………………….………………………99
     圖3-2 研究架構……………..…………………………….………………………115
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     表 目 錄
     表2-1 環境不確定性的類型………………………….……………………………26
     表2-2 民營化組織變革認知構面分類………………….…………………………28
     表2-3 組織承諾之定義………………………………….…………………………45
     表2-4 組織承諾的分類與定義……………………………….……………………47
     表2-5 公賣利益繳庫數………………………………………….…………………61
     表2-6 臺灣菸酒公司全員票選民營化方案票選結果統計表……….……………73
     表2-7 臺灣省菸酒公賣局歷年員工人數統計表……………….…………………76
     表2-8 公賣局改制公司前後專案精簡計畫離退人數統計表……….……………81
     表2-9 公賣局改制公司前後實施優惠專案精簡成效表…………….……………81
     表2-10公賣局改制公司前後實施專案精簡期間用人費支出情形表….…….……82
     表2-11臺灣菸酒股份有限公司員工年齡結構……………………….…….………83
     表2-12公賣局改制公司前後組織調整因素彙整表………………….….…………88
     表2-13公賣局改制公司前後實施組織精簡成效暨人員安置情形彙整表…..……91
     表2-14公賣局改制公司前後員工生產力統計表……………….…………….……95
     表2-15公賣局改制公司前後財務統計表…………………………….…….………96
     表3-1 研究問卷回收統計表……………………………………………...………102
     表3-2 組織變革的不確定性認知量表題項與總分相關表…………..….……….106
     表3-3 工作壓力量表題項與總分相關表…………………………....……………106
     表3-4 組織承諾量表題項與總分相關表.……………………….……..…………107
     表3-5 有效樣本基本資料統計表 ………………………………………………108
     表3-6 KMO與Bartlett檢定結果 ..…………………….…………………………109
     表3-7 組織變革不確定性認知因素分析 ………………………………………110
     表3-8 工作壓力因素分析.……..…………………………….……………………112
     表3-9 組織承諾因素分析.……………….…………….…………………….……113
     表3-10 組織變革的不確定性認知構面信度分析…………..……….……………114
     表3-11 工作壓力各構面信度分析………….…………………………..…………114
     表3-12 組織承諾各構面信度分析………………………………….………..……114
     表4-1 員工對「組織變革的不確定性認知」情形統計表…….…..….….………120
     表4-2 員工對「組織變革的不確定性認知」構面得分情形統計表.…….………122
     表4-3 員工對「工作壓力」情形統計表.………………………………….………123
     表4-4 員工對「工作壓力量表」構面認知得分情形統計表.……………………124
     表4-5 員工對「組織承諾 」情形統計表...………………………………………126
     表4-6 員工對「組織承諾量」構面得分情形統計表.……………………………126
     表4-7不同性別對組織變革不確定性認知T檢定結果.………………….………129
     表4-8 不同職位的員工對組織變革不確定性認知T檢定結果………….………130
     表4-9 不同工作類別的員工對組織變革不確定性認知T檢定結果……….……131
     表4-10不同年齡的員工對組織變革的不確定性認知變異數分析結果…………132
     表4-11不同年資的員工對組織變革不確定性認知變異數分析結果……………133
     表4-12不同教育程度的員工對民營化組織變革的不確定性認知變異數
     分析結果 ….………………………………………………………………134
     表4-13不同性別對工作壓力T檢定結果…………………………………………135
     表4-14不同職位對工作壓力T檢定結果…………………………………………136
     表4-15不同工作類別的員工對工作壓力T檢定結果……………………………137
     表4-16不同年齡的員工在工作壓力各構面變異數分析結果……………………138
     表4-17不同年資的員工對工作壓力各構面變異數分析結果……………………139
     表4-18不同教育程度的員工對工作壓力各構面變異數分析結果………………140
     表4-19不同性別對組織承諾各構面T檢定結果…………………………………141
     表4-20不同職位對組織承諾各構面T檢定結果…………………………………141
     表4-21不同工作類別的員工對組織承諾T檢定結果……………………………142
     表4-22不同年齡的員工對組織承諾變異數分析結果……………………………142
     表4-23不同年資的員工對組織承諾變異數分析結果……………………………143
     表4-24不同教育程度的員工對組織承諾變異數分析結果………………………144
     表4-25組織變革的不確定性認知與工作壓力之相關分析………………………145
     表4-26組織變革不確定性認知與組織承諾之相關分析表………………………147
     表4-27工作壓力與組織承諾之相關分析表………………………………………148
     表4-28組織變革的不確定性認知、工作壓力、組織承諾相關分析……………149
     表4-29組織變革的不確定性認知對焦慮反應之逐步迴歸分析表………………150
     表4-30組織變革的不確定性認知對低自尊之逐步迴歸分析表…………………151
     表4-31組織變革的不確定性認知對工作倦怠之逐步迴歸分析表………………152
     表4-32組織變革的不確定性認知對工作過荷之逐步迴歸分析表………………152
     表4-33工作壓力對價值及努力承諾之逐步迴歸分析表…………………………153
     表4-34工作壓力對留職承諾之逐步迴歸分析表…………………………………154
     表4-35檢測中介效果成立之迴歸步驟與成立條件………………………………155
     表4-36工作壓力之中介效果摘要表………………………………………………156
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     附 錄
     
     附錄一 民營化組織變革認知、工作壓力與組織承諾相關論文研究彙總表..179
     附錄二 人口統計變項與工作壓力之實證研究彙整表 ..…..……..…………191
     附錄三 人口統計變項與工作壓力之相關實證研究彙總表…. ………………193
     附錄四 組織承諾及其前因變項關係研究彙整表…………….……………….195
     附錄五 組織承諾及其結果變項關係研究彙整表…………….……………….198
     附錄六 人口統計變項與組織承諾之實證研究彙整表……….……………….199
     附錄七 人口統計變項與民營化組織承諾之相關實證研究彙總表….……….201
     附錄八 公賣局改制公司前後實施專案精簡計畫彙整表…………….……….204
     附錄九 調查問卷……………………………………………………….……….207
     附錄十 假設驗證結果彙總表………………………………………….……….209
     
     全文完
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090921057en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織變革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作壓力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織承諾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) organizational changesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) work stressen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) organizational commitmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 民營化組織變革的不確定性認知對組織承諾之影響研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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