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題名 從員工認知的觀點來探討360度回饋模式在臺北市政府可行性之研究
Study on the Applicability of 360 Ddegree Feedback Model in Taipei City Government : from the Perspectives of Employees
作者 林琪蓉
Lin, Chi-Jung
貢獻者 孫本初
Sun, Ben-Chu
林琪蓉
Lin, Chi-Jung
關鍵詞 人力資源管理
績效管理
績效評估
傳統績效評估方式
360度回饋模式
Human Resource Management
Performance Management
Performance Assessment
Traditional Performance Assessment Model
360°Feedback Model
日期 2003
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 12:27:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 面對多元化、國際化及全球競爭的壓力,私人企業莫不採行新的績效管理制度,來創造員工、管理者及組織三贏之局面。公部門面對資源相對有限,民眾要求與日俱增之窘況,欲改進績效管理並縮小顧客不滿意之缺口,應透過全方位回饋訊息之蒐集,將民意轉化為施政知識,鼓勵人力資源管理能創新改革,以建構人力資源組織的策略地圖,因此,接受多元評估已是無法避免之趨勢。
      本研究擬透過文獻分析法、問卷調查法及質化訪談法,從臺北市政府員工認知之觀點,來探究360度回饋模式在臺北市政府實施之可行性,進一步提出臺北市政府實施該模式之構想與建議。
      本文計分為五章,第一章說明研究動機、目的及相關概念之界定;第二章為相關文獻之檢視,萃取國內外實證研究中影響360度回饋模式實施之相關因素,以建構第三章問卷設計及質化訪談內容;第四章則從員工認知觀點對「不同評估來源」及「360度回饋模式實施可行性」,進行知覺、差異及相關性之實證分析;第五章則針對研究發現,提出實務上的改進建議及後續研究者未來思考的新方向。
      經由本研究發現,在量化問卷部分:(一)不同評估來源方面:員工認為透過不同評估來源者所提供之評估訊息,確實能提高信任感、改善彼此關係及提昇工作效率。(二)360度回饋模式實施之可行性方面:高達66.4%的受訪者支持在臺北市政府實施該模式;選擇由誰擔任評估者較適合,則以其它(視業務相關的利害關係人而定或核稿的其他長官)、自己及外部顧客(民眾)居多;以及不同評估者所提供的回饋訊息應有不同權重之限制。在質化問卷部分:八位受訪者中有五位(占63%)認為該模式在公部門應屬可行,能補充現行由上而下考核制度之不足,並針對可能遭遇的阻礙及每一類別評估者的考評分數應否有一定權重限制等,提出諸多寶貴建議。
      最後,根據以上的研究發現,筆者提出對政策、組織及實務操作等三種層面的建議,在臺北市政府推動行政變革作為改進組織績效時,不妨擷取360度全方位回饋模式之精髓,並參考國外政府及企業界實行該模式之成功經驗,設計一套可補充或替換目前績效評估方式不足的評估方法。
     
     關鍵詞:人力資源管理、績效管理、績效評估、傳統績效評估方式、360度回饋模式
Facing the pressure of diversity, nationalization and global competition, enterprises have been adopting new performance management systems to create the win-win situation between employees and organizations. For public sector, the resources are relatively limited, and the demand of citizens is gradually growing. In order to improve the performance management and minimize the gap of customer dissatisfaction, government should collect the over-all feedback message, translate public opinions into policy context, encourage innovative human resource management. Therefore, it’s necessary to implement multi-source assessment in public sector.
      This study is aimed at exploring the feasibility of 360° feedback model in Taipei City Government (TCG) from the employees’ perspectives, and offering the suggestion about how to implemented this model in TCG in the future. The research methods in this study include: literature review, questionnaire survey and interview method.
      This study consists of 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, the motives and objectives of the study are mentioned, and the definitions of relative concepts are clarified. In Chapter 2, the relative literatures are reviewed and the factors that will influence the implementation of 360°feedback model are abstracted from domestic and foreign studies, in order to construct the quantitative and qualitative questionnaires in Chapter3 . Chapter 4 is about the positive analysis on “different evaluation sources” and “the feasibility of implementing 360°feedback model” from employee’s perspective. Based on the research findings, some suggestions and recommendations of practice and further research are offered in Chapter 5.
      The research findings include two parts. First, in the part of quantitative questionnaire, some conclusions have inducted: 1) about different rater sources: employees do believe that multi-source evaluation indeed could increase trust, improve relationship, and enhance efficiency. 2) about the feasibility of 360° feedback model: (A)Over 66.4% responders agree to implement 360° feedback model in TCG; (B) Majority of responders would choice the item “others” (stakeholders related with business or other superiors charged with official papers), “myself” and external customers (citizens) as the proper evaluators; (C) The feedback messages from different evaluators should be given certain limitation in weight.
     Second, in the part of qualitative interview, 5 of 8 (63%) interviewees thought 360°feedback model is feasible in public sector, and can compensate the shortcomings of current top-down performance system. They also offered many precious opinions and suggestions in themes such as: how to overcome the possible obstacles, and if we should limit the weights of scores from different evaluators.
      Ultimately, according to the research findings above, this study presents many helpful suggestions from the aspects of policy, organization and practice. If the officials of TCG would like improve the performance through administrative reform, they can adopt the spirit and essence of 360°feedback model, and learn the successful foreign experiences both from public and private sectors, then develop a performance assessment model that can compensate or even replace the current one.
     
     Key words: Human Resource Management, Performance Management, Performance Assessment, Traditional Performance Assessment Model, 360°Feedback Model.
參考文獻 一、 中文文獻
王雅慧,1998,「高科技產業員工績效評估制度特性之研究」,國立台灣科技大學管理技術研究所,碩士論文,頁8。
李建華、方文寶著,1990,企業績效評估理論與實務,台北:超越企管顧問有限公司,頁9-11。
李允傑,2001,「公部門之績效評估」,行政管理論文選輯,第十五輯,頁429-442。
林榮欽,1992,人事管理(四版),台北:前程企業管理。
林玉玲,1999,回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質對360度回饋態度及行為改變意圖之影響,政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
吳秉恩,1992,企業策略與人力發展,台北:中國經濟企業研究所。
吳復新,2000,人力資源管理,台北:國立空中大學, 頁275-276。
吳順發,1986,員工的個人特質、回饋績效、領導型態與工作反應之相關研究,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
徐木蘭,1999,「360度績效評估是政府部門的胎盤素」,考銓月刊,第18卷,頁28-32。
徐崇文,1999,以360度回饋探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖相關因素之實證研究,政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
洪國平,1999,『我國公務人員考績制度之研究』,人事行政,127期,頁52-69。
何永福、楊國安,1996, 人力資源策略管理,台北:三民書局。
施能傑,1993,「考績謬誤的類型與原因—理論與經驗分析(下)」,人事月刊,14卷4期,頁8-9。
孫本初,2000,「多元評估模式之初探」,人事月刊,I83期,頁8-20。
孫本初,2001,公共管理,第三版,台北:智勝文化事業有限公司。
孫本初,2003,「政府績效管理的新思維」,行政管理論文選輯,第十七輯,頁196-197。
張火燦,1994,績效評估的模式及相關理論,人事管理,第368期,頁4-19。
張金鑑,1998,行政學,台北:三民書局,頁607。
張潤書,1998,行政學,台北:三民書局,頁308。
許道然,2002,「組織信任之研究—一個整合性觀點」,行政管理論文選輯,第十六輯,頁56-77。
黃昌宏,2001,「員工面臨組織變革行為模式之研究—以臺北航空貨運站民營化個案為例」,行政管理論文選輯,第十五輯,頁187。
黃同圳,2000, 績效評估與管理,載於人力資源管理的十二堂課(李誠主編),台北:天下遠見出版社。
黃英忠、吳復新及趙必孝,2002,「人力資源管理」,台北:國立空中大學,頁160-166。
郭乃璋,1998,探討影響員工對三百六十度評估方式態度之因素,東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
趙其文,2000,人事行政,台北:華視股份有限公司,頁335-34l。
蔡良文,1999,「人事行政學:論現行考銓制度」,頁511-514,台北:五南圖書。
蔡明穎,2000,團隊領導者核心才能評鑑量表之建立,中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
蔡秀涓,2002,「我國政府部門主管處理績效不佳員工的實證分析」,國立政治大學公共行政學報,第七期,頁120-121。
鄧國宏,2000,主管管理才能評鑑量表之建立與信效度分析,中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
劉勻憬,1998,以360度回饋探討主管人員自他一致性與領導效能關係之實證研究,政治大學心理研究所。
劉毓玲譯(Peter F.Drucker原著),2000,21世紀的管理挑戰,台北:天下文化
劉麗草,2000, 360度主管管理才能評鑑一360度回饋對受評者態度之影響,中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
簡文哲,1988,評估效果、信賴主管程度、內外控取向、回饋/預期一致性、期望信念對回饋反應影響之研究,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
二、 英文文獻
Albright F. M.
1996 Determining Attitudes toward Multi-rater Feedback Systems: The Influence of Individual and Contextual Variables, The Science and Engineering,Vol.57(1-B):0740.
Bass, B. & Avolio, M.
1990 Bass & Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications, New York: Free Press.
Borman, W. C.
1991 Job Behavior, Performance, and Effectiveness. In M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hough (eds.)., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology Vol. 2, 271-326. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Callender, S. M.
1996 Respond to 360-degree Feedback as a Management Development Intervention: Deflection, Change, and Transformation, Humanity and Social Science, Vol.57(6-B):4074.
Carless, S. A., Mann, L. & Wearing, A. J.
1998 Leadership, Managerial Performance and 360-degree Feedback, Applied Psycholigy,Vol.47 (4):481-496
Carnevale, D. G.
1998. Organizational Trust, in Tay M. Shafritz(ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Public and Administration. Westview Press.
Carroll, S. J. & Craig E. S.
1982 Performance Appraisal and Review Systems:Identification, Measurement, and Development of Performance in Organizations. Glenview, Illinois:scott, Forman and Company.
Daley, D. M. & Vasu, M. L.
1998 Fostering Organizational Trust in North Carolina : The Pivotal Role of Administrators and Political Leaders. Administration & Society, 30(March),pp.62-84.
Decenzo, D. A., & Robbins, S. P.
1996 Human Resource Management(5th ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Dessler, G.
1994 Human Resource Management(6th ed.), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Edwards, M. R. & Ewen A. J.
1996 360°Feedback-The Powerful New Model for Employee Assessment & Performance Improvement, N.Y.:AMACOM.
French, W. L.
1994 Human Resources Management(3th ed.), Princeton, NJ:Houghton Mifflin.
Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Balkin, D. B., & Cardy, R. L.
1995 Managing Human Resources, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Goudy K. L.
1999 The Measurement Equivalence of 360-degree Feedback Ratings across Populations, The Science and Engineering,Vol.59(7-B):3745.
Gross, F. A. & Levy, P. E.
1998 Do 360-degree Feedback Appraisal Predict Managerial Effectiveness ? Paper presented ant the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, Texas.
Jones, J. E. & Bearly, W. L.
1996 360° Feedback-Strategies, Tactics, and Techniques for Developing Leaders, Amherst : HRD press.
Lazaro, H. F.
1997 Effects of 360-degree Feedback on Management Effectiveness Ratings: A Longitudinal Field Study, The Science and Engineering,Vol.59(5-B):2466.
Lepsinger, R. & Anntoinette D. L.
1997 The Art and Science of 360°Feedback , San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
London, M.
1996 Job Feedback: Giving, Secking, and Using Feedback for Performance Imrovement, Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Nyhan, R. C.
2000 Changing the Paradigm: Trust and Its Role in Public Sector Organizations, American Review of Public Administration, 30 (1), March, pp.87-109.
Schuler, R. S.
1992 Managing Human Resources. New York.
Sherman, A. W., Bohlander G. & Snell, S.
1998 Managing Human Resources (10th ed.), Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western.
Tornow, W.
1998 Maximizing the Value of 360-degree Feedback, San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Millman, J. F., Zawacki, R. A., Morman, C., Powell, L. & Kirksey, J.
1994 Companies Evaluate Employees from All Aspects.Personnel Journal, 73, 99-103.
Waldman, A. D., Atwater, E. L. & Antonioni, D.
1998 Has 360 degree Feedback Gone Amok? Academy of Management Executive, 12(2), 86-94
Williams, J. R. and Lueke, S. B.
1999 360 Feedback System Effectiveness: Test of a Model In a Field Seeting. Journal of Quality Management, 4(1),23-49.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
91921066
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091921066
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 孫本初zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Sun, Ben-Chuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林琪蓉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Chi-Jungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林琪蓉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Chi-Jungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 12:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 12:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 12:27:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0091921066en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31879-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91921066zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 面對多元化、國際化及全球競爭的壓力,私人企業莫不採行新的績效管理制度,來創造員工、管理者及組織三贏之局面。公部門面對資源相對有限,民眾要求與日俱增之窘況,欲改進績效管理並縮小顧客不滿意之缺口,應透過全方位回饋訊息之蒐集,將民意轉化為施政知識,鼓勵人力資源管理能創新改革,以建構人力資源組織的策略地圖,因此,接受多元評估已是無法避免之趨勢。
      本研究擬透過文獻分析法、問卷調查法及質化訪談法,從臺北市政府員工認知之觀點,來探究360度回饋模式在臺北市政府實施之可行性,進一步提出臺北市政府實施該模式之構想與建議。
      本文計分為五章,第一章說明研究動機、目的及相關概念之界定;第二章為相關文獻之檢視,萃取國內外實證研究中影響360度回饋模式實施之相關因素,以建構第三章問卷設計及質化訪談內容;第四章則從員工認知觀點對「不同評估來源」及「360度回饋模式實施可行性」,進行知覺、差異及相關性之實證分析;第五章則針對研究發現,提出實務上的改進建議及後續研究者未來思考的新方向。
      經由本研究發現,在量化問卷部分:(一)不同評估來源方面:員工認為透過不同評估來源者所提供之評估訊息,確實能提高信任感、改善彼此關係及提昇工作效率。(二)360度回饋模式實施之可行性方面:高達66.4%的受訪者支持在臺北市政府實施該模式;選擇由誰擔任評估者較適合,則以其它(視業務相關的利害關係人而定或核稿的其他長官)、自己及外部顧客(民眾)居多;以及不同評估者所提供的回饋訊息應有不同權重之限制。在質化問卷部分:八位受訪者中有五位(占63%)認為該模式在公部門應屬可行,能補充現行由上而下考核制度之不足,並針對可能遭遇的阻礙及每一類別評估者的考評分數應否有一定權重限制等,提出諸多寶貴建議。
      最後,根據以上的研究發現,筆者提出對政策、組織及實務操作等三種層面的建議,在臺北市政府推動行政變革作為改進組織績效時,不妨擷取360度全方位回饋模式之精髓,並參考國外政府及企業界實行該模式之成功經驗,設計一套可補充或替換目前績效評估方式不足的評估方法。
     
     關鍵詞:人力資源管理、績效管理、績效評估、傳統績效評估方式、360度回饋模式
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Facing the pressure of diversity, nationalization and global competition, enterprises have been adopting new performance management systems to create the win-win situation between employees and organizations. For public sector, the resources are relatively limited, and the demand of citizens is gradually growing. In order to improve the performance management and minimize the gap of customer dissatisfaction, government should collect the over-all feedback message, translate public opinions into policy context, encourage innovative human resource management. Therefore, it’s necessary to implement multi-source assessment in public sector.
      This study is aimed at exploring the feasibility of 360° feedback model in Taipei City Government (TCG) from the employees’ perspectives, and offering the suggestion about how to implemented this model in TCG in the future. The research methods in this study include: literature review, questionnaire survey and interview method.
      This study consists of 5 chapters. In Chapter 1, the motives and objectives of the study are mentioned, and the definitions of relative concepts are clarified. In Chapter 2, the relative literatures are reviewed and the factors that will influence the implementation of 360°feedback model are abstracted from domestic and foreign studies, in order to construct the quantitative and qualitative questionnaires in Chapter3 . Chapter 4 is about the positive analysis on “different evaluation sources” and “the feasibility of implementing 360°feedback model” from employee’s perspective. Based on the research findings, some suggestions and recommendations of practice and further research are offered in Chapter 5.
      The research findings include two parts. First, in the part of quantitative questionnaire, some conclusions have inducted: 1) about different rater sources: employees do believe that multi-source evaluation indeed could increase trust, improve relationship, and enhance efficiency. 2) about the feasibility of 360° feedback model: (A)Over 66.4% responders agree to implement 360° feedback model in TCG; (B) Majority of responders would choice the item “others” (stakeholders related with business or other superiors charged with official papers), “myself” and external customers (citizens) as the proper evaluators; (C) The feedback messages from different evaluators should be given certain limitation in weight.
     Second, in the part of qualitative interview, 5 of 8 (63%) interviewees thought 360°feedback model is feasible in public sector, and can compensate the shortcomings of current top-down performance system. They also offered many precious opinions and suggestions in themes such as: how to overcome the possible obstacles, and if we should limit the weights of scores from different evaluators.
      Ultimately, according to the research findings above, this study presents many helpful suggestions from the aspects of policy, organization and practice. If the officials of TCG would like improve the performance through administrative reform, they can adopt the spirit and essence of 360°feedback model, and learn the successful foreign experiences both from public and private sectors, then develop a performance assessment model that can compensate or even replace the current one.
     
     Key words: Human Resource Management, Performance Management, Performance Assessment, Traditional Performance Assessment Model, 360°Feedback Model.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………1
      第一節 研究動機與目的 ………………………………………………2
      第二節 研究方法與限制 ………………………………………………5
      第三節 研究範圍與流程 ………………………………………………7
      第四節 重要名詞解釋 …………………………………………………9
     
     第二章 相關文獻之分析………………………………………………11
      第一節 績效評估之意涵………………………………………………11
      第二節 績效評估制度之現況分析……………………………………18
      第三節 360 度回饋模式之興起 …………………………………… 31
      第四節 360度回饋模式之理論與運用 ………………………………41
      第五節 360度回饋模式相關之實證研究 ……………………………57
     
     第三章 研究設計 ……………………………………………………63
      第一節 研究架構 ……………………………………………………63
      第二節 問卷設計與前測 ……………………………………………64
      第三節 訪談方法 ……………………………………………………72
      第四節 統計分析方法 ………………………………………………74
     
     第四章 實證分析………………………………………………………75
      第一節 正式問卷之描述性分析………………………………………75
      第二節 臺北市政府員工對不同評估來源之知覺分析………………83
      第三節 臺北市政府員工對360度回饋模式實施可行性
      之知覺分析……………………………………………………95
      第四節 臺北市政府員工對不同評估來源之差異分析………………99
      第五節 臺北市政府員工對360度回饋模式實施可行性
      之差異分析 …………………………………………………114
      第六節 不同評估來源與360度回饋模式實施可行性之
      相關分析 ……………………………………………………123
     
     第五章 結論與建議 …………………………………………………126
      第一節 研究發現 ……………………………………………………126
      第二節 研究建議 ……………………………………………………133
     
     參考書目 ………………………………………………………………139
      一、中文部分…………………………………………………………139
      二、英文部分…………………………………………………………142
     
     附錄 ……………………………………………………………………146
      附錄一 360度回饋模式之國內外相關實證研究……………………146
      附錄二 問卷調查 ……………………………………………………156
      附錄三 訪談題綱 ……………………………………………………161
      附錄四 訪談紀錄 ……………………………………………………162
      附錄五 公務人員考績法 ……………………………………………172
     
     
      圖表目次
     
     一、圖目次
     
     圖1-1 研究流程圖 ……………………………………………………8
     圖2-1 傳統回饋方式與360度回饋模式來源之比較 ………………41
     圖3-1 研究架構圖……………………………………………………63
     
     
     二、表目次
     
     表2-1 績效評估定義之一覽表………………………………………12
     表2-2 績效評估方式之彙整表………………………………………16
     表2-3 十二種主管考評之類型表……………………………………21
     表2-4 十種常見之考評偏誤…………………………………………22
     表2-5 現行績效評估制度與理想績效評估制度之比較……………27
     表2-6 有效回饋訊息之特性…………………………………………33
     表2-7 傳統評估模式與360度評估模式之比較 ……………………43
     表2-8 360度回饋模式的評估過程 …………………………………53
     表3-1 問卷前測之信度與效度分析簡表……………………………65
     表3-2 樣本回收情形分配表…………………………………………70
     表3-3 問卷調查回收一覽表…………………………………………70
     表3-4 任用資格卡方適合度檢定表…………………………………71
     表3-5 受訪者基本資料一覽表………………………………………73
     表4-1 正式問卷信度與效度分析簡表………………………………75
     表4-2 性別次數分配表………………………………………………77
     表4-3 年齡次數分配表………………………………………………77
     表4-4 最高教育程度次數分配表……………………………………78
     表4-5 擔任公務員年資次數分配表…………………………………79
     表4-6 是否擔任主管職次數分配表…………………………………80
     表4-7 業務屬性之次數分配表………………………………………80
     表4-8 任用資格之次數分配表………………………………………81
     表4-9 主管年資之次數分配表………………………………………82
     表4-10 接受度之描述性統計表………………………………………83
     表4-11 接受度之次數分配表…………………………………………84
     表4-12 公平性之描述性統計表………………………………………85
     表4-13 公平性之次數分配表…………………………………………86
     表4-14 溝通之描述性統計表…………………………………………87
     表4-15 溝通之次數分配表……………………………………………88
     表4-16 信任感之描述性統計表………………………………………89
     表4-17 信任感之次數分配表…………………………………………90
     表4-18 改善彼此關係之描述性統計表………………………………91
     表4-19 改善彼此關係之次數分配表…………………………………91
     表4-20 提昇工作效率之描述性統計表………………………………93
     表4-21 提昇工作效率之次數分配表…………………………………93
     表4-22 360度回饋模式實施可行性之描述性統計表 ………………95
     表4-23 360度回饋模式實施可行性之次數分配表 …………………96
     表4-24 擔任考評人選之次數分配表…………………………………97
     表4-25 對回饋訊息應占有不同比重看法之次數分配表……………98
     表4-26 性別對不同評估來源之t檢定表 ……………………………99
     表4-27 年齡對不同評估來源之單因子變異數分析表 ……………101
     表4-28 教育程度對不同評估來源之單因子變異數分析表 ………103
     表4-29 服務年資對不同評估來源之單因子變異數分析表 ………105
     表4-30 擔任主管對不同評估來源之t檢定表………………………108
     表4-31 業務屬性對不同評估來源之t檢定表………………………109
     表4-32 任用資格對不同評估來源之單因子變異數分析表 ………111
     表4-33 主管年資對不同評估來源之單因子變異數分析表 ………113
     表4-34 性別對360度回饋模式實施可行性之t檢定表 ……………114
     表4-35 年齡對360度回饋模式實施可行性之單因子變異
      數分析表 ……………………………………………………115
     表4-36 教育程度對360度回饋模式實施可行性之單因子
      變異數分析表 ………………………………………………116
     表4-37 服務年資對360度回饋模式實施可行性之單因子
      變異數分析表 ………………………………………………117
     表4-38 任用資格對360度回饋模式實施可行性之單因子
      變異數分析表 ………………………………………………118
     表4-39 業務屬性對360度回饋模式實施可行性之t檢定
      表 ……………………………………………………………119
     表4-40 擔任主管對360度回饋模式實施可行性之t檢定
      表 ……………………………………………………………120
     表4-41 主管年資對360度回饋模式實施可行性之單因子
      變異數分析表: ……………………………………………122
     表4-42 不同評估來源與360度回饋模式實施可行性之相
      關分析表 ……………………………………………………123
     表5-1 臺北市政府員工對不同評估來源與360度回饋模
      式實施可行性之假設檢定表 ………………………………128
     表5-2 360度回饋模式在公部門實施之可行性……………………129
     表5-3 360度回饋模式能否補充現行考核制度不足之處…………130
     表5-4 360度回饋模式在推行上可能遭遇的困難與阻礙…………131
     表5-5 360度回饋模式實施可行之參與者一覽表…………………132
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091921066en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人力資源管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 績效管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 績效評估zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 傳統績效評估方式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360度回饋模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human Resource Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Performance Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Performance Assessmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Traditional Performance Assessment Modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 360°Feedback Modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 從員工認知的觀點來探討360度回饋模式在臺北市政府可行性之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Study on the Applicability of 360 Ddegree Feedback Model in Taipei City Government : from the Perspectives of Employeesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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