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題名 廣告、進入障礙與獨占性競爭:總體經濟的分析
Advertising, entry barriers, and monopolistic competition: A Macroeconomic analysis
作者 葉沂萱
貢獻者 賴景昌
葉沂萱
關鍵詞 廣告
搜尋成本
進入障礙
不完全競爭
Advertising
Search cost
Entry barriers
Imperfect competition
日期 2007
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 13:30:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 This thesis develops a macroeconomic model with monopolistic competition and considers the search cost for consumption in order to analyze how advertising influences the major macroeconomic variables and causes the entry barriers. In the short run, we find that advertising will raise aggregate output. The higher the sensitivity of advertising elasticity of search cost, the greater the rising of aggregate output. Further, whether the price level rise or fall is dependent on the magnitude of the advertising elasticity of search cost. The higher sensitivity of this elasticity on advertising, the higher the price level. Moreover, advertising does not influence the market power in the short run. In the long run, we find that whether advertising causes the barriers to entry is determined by the sensitivity of the advertising elasticity of search cost. When this elasticity is small, advertising will create the entry barriers and further strengthen the monopoly power for firms. Furthermore, how advertising affects the price level and aggregate output depends not only on the advertising elasticity of search cost, but also the sensitivity of the elasticity of substitution on the number of firms.
參考文獻 References
Bain, J. S., (1956), Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bénassy, J. P., (1996), “Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns to Specialization and Output Persistence,” Economic Letters, 52(2), pp. 187-191.
Benhabib, J. and Farmer, R. E. A., (1994), “Indeterminacy and Increasing Returns,” Journal of Economic Theory, 63(1), pp. 19-41.
Blanchard, O. and Giavazzi, F., (2003), “Macroeconomic Effects of Regulation and Deregulation in Goods and Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3), pp. 879-907.
Brozen, Y., (1974), “Is Advertising a Barrier to Entry?” in Advertising and Society, pp. 79-109, New York: New York University Press.
Butters, G. R., (1976), “A Survey of Advertising and Market Structure,” The American Economic Review, 66(2), pp. 392-397.
Clarke, D. G., (1976), “Econometric Measurement of the Duration of Advertising Effect on Sales,” Journal of Marketing Research, 13(4), pp. 345-347.
Comanor, W. S. and Wilson, T. A., (1967), “Advertising Market Structure and Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(4), pp. 423-440.
Demsetz, H., (1982), “Barriers to Entry,” The American Economic Review, 72(1), pp. 45-57.
Devereux, M. B., Head, A. C. and Lapham, B. J., (1993), “Monopolistic Competition, Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations,” Economics Letters, 41(1), pp. 57-61.
Dixit, A. and Norman, V., (1978), “Advertising and Welfare,” The Bell Journal of Economics, 9(1), pp. 1-17.
Dixon, H., (1987), “A Simple Model of Imperfect Competition with Walrasian Features,” Oxford Economic Papers, 39(1), pp. 134-160.
Grossman, G. M. and Shapiro, C., (1984), “Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products,” The Review of Economic Studies, 51(1), pp. 63-81.
Guo, J. T. and Lansing, K. J., (1999), “Optimal Taxation of Capital Income with Imperfectly Competitive Product Markets,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 23(7), pp. 967-995.
Lai, C. C., Chin, C. T. and Chang, S. H., (2007), “Vertical Separation versus Vertical Integration in a Macroeconomic Model with Imperfect Competition,” Working Paper.
Lambin, J. J., (1976), Advertising Competition and Market Conduct in Oligopoly over Time, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Molana, H. and Moutos, T., (1992), “A Note on Taxation, Imperfect Competition and the Balanced Budget Multiplier,” Oxford Economic Papers, 44(1), pp. 68-74.
Nelson, P., (1970), “Information and Consumer Behavior,” The Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), pp. 311-329.
Nelson, P., (1974), “Advertising as Information,” The Journal of Political Economy, 82(4), pp. 729-754.
Nichols, L. M., (1985), “Advertising and Economic Welfare,” The American Economic Review, 75(1), pp. 213-218.
Porter, M. E., (1974), “Consumer Behavior, Retailer Power and Market Performance in Consumer Goods Industries,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(4), pp. 419-436.
Porter, M. E., (1976), “Interbrand Choice, Media Mix and Market Performance,” The American Economic Review, 66(2), pp. 398-406.
Schmalensee, R., (1974), “Brand Loyalty and Barriers to Entry,” Southern Economic Journal, 40(4), pp. 579-588.
Schmalensee, R., (1976), “Advertising and Profitability: Further Implications of the Null Hypothesis,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, 25(1), pp. 45-54.
Schmalensee, R., (1983), “Advertising and Entry Deterrence: An Exploratory Model,” The Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), pp. 636-653.
Spence, A. M., (1980), “Notes on Advertising, Economies of Scale, and Entry Barriers,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(3), pp. 493-507.
Startz, R., (1989), “Monopolistic Competition as a Foundation for Keynesian Macroeconomic Models,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(4), pp. 737-752.
Thomas, L. A., (1999), “Incumbent Firms’ Response to Entry: Price, Advertising, and New Product Introduction,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 17(4), pp. 527-555.
Palda, K. S., (1964), The Measurement of Cumulative Advertising Effects, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Weiss, L. W., (1969), “Advertising Profits, and Corporate Taxes,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 51(4), pp. 421-430.
Wu, J. Z. and Chou, C. F., (2006), “Informative Advertising with Consumer Search,” Academia Economic Papers, 34(3), pp. 301-323. (In Chinese)
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟研究所
95258023
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095258023
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴景昌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葉沂萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 葉沂萱zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 13:30:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 13:30:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 13:30:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095258023en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32250-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95258023zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis develops a macroeconomic model with monopolistic competition and considers the search cost for consumption in order to analyze how advertising influences the major macroeconomic variables and causes the entry barriers. In the short run, we find that advertising will raise aggregate output. The higher the sensitivity of advertising elasticity of search cost, the greater the rising of aggregate output. Further, whether the price level rise or fall is dependent on the magnitude of the advertising elasticity of search cost. The higher sensitivity of this elasticity on advertising, the higher the price level. Moreover, advertising does not influence the market power in the short run. In the long run, we find that whether advertising causes the barriers to entry is determined by the sensitivity of the advertising elasticity of search cost. When this elasticity is small, advertising will create the entry barriers and further strengthen the monopoly power for firms. Furthermore, how advertising affects the price level and aggregate output depends not only on the advertising elasticity of search cost, but also the sensitivity of the elasticity of substitution on the number of firms.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Contents
     
     Abstract
     Contents………………………………………………………………………………… i
     Chapter One Introduction………………………………………………………… 1
     1.1. Motivation………………………………………………………………… 1
     1.2. Literature Review…………………………………………………………… 3
      1.3. Thesis Statement…………………………………………………………… 7
     Chapter Two The Basic Model……………………………………………………… 8
      2.1. The Behavior of the Households…………………………………………… 8
     2.2. The Behavior of the Firms……………………………………………….. 13
     Chapter Three The Effect of Advertising on Macroeconomics and Entry Barriers 16
     3.1. Symmetric Equilibrium………………………………………………… 16
     3.2. Short-Run Analysis……………………………………………. 17
      3.3. Long-Run Analysis…………………………………………… .27
      3.4. Barriers to Entry and the Market Power………………………………… .37
      Figures……………………………………………………………………… 41
     Chapter Four Conclusion………………………………………………………… 44
     
     Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………… 46
     Appendix B…………………………………………………………………………… 48
     References……………………………………………………………………………… .51
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095258023en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣告zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 搜尋成本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 進入障礙zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 不完全競爭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Advertisingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Search costen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Entry barriersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Imperfect competitionen_US
dc.title (題名) 廣告、進入障礙與獨占性競爭:總體經濟的分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Advertising, entry barriers, and monopolistic competition: A Macroeconomic analysisen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Referenceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bain, J. S., (1956), Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bénassy, J. P., (1996), “Monopolistic Competition, Increasing Returns to Specialization and Output Persistence,” Economic Letters, 52(2), pp. 187-191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benhabib, J. and Farmer, R. E. A., (1994), “Indeterminacy and Increasing Returns,” Journal of Economic Theory, 63(1), pp. 19-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blanchard, O. and Giavazzi, F., (2003), “Macroeconomic Effects of Regulation and Deregulation in Goods and Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3), pp. 879-907.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brozen, Y., (1974), “Is Advertising a Barrier to Entry?” in Advertising and Society, pp. 79-109, New York: New York University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Butters, G. R., (1976), “A Survey of Advertising and Market Structure,” The American Economic Review, 66(2), pp. 392-397.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clarke, D. G., (1976), “Econometric Measurement of the Duration of Advertising Effect on Sales,” Journal of Marketing Research, 13(4), pp. 345-347.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Comanor, W. S. and Wilson, T. A., (1967), “Advertising Market Structure and Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(4), pp. 423-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Demsetz, H., (1982), “Barriers to Entry,” The American Economic Review, 72(1), pp. 45-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Devereux, M. B., Head, A. C. and Lapham, B. J., (1993), “Monopolistic Competition, Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations,” Economics Letters, 41(1), pp. 57-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dixit, A. and Norman, V., (1978), “Advertising and Welfare,” The Bell Journal of Economics, 9(1), pp. 1-17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dixon, H., (1987), “A Simple Model of Imperfect Competition with Walrasian Features,” Oxford Economic Papers, 39(1), pp. 134-160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grossman, G. M. and Shapiro, C., (1984), “Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products,” The Review of Economic Studies, 51(1), pp. 63-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guo, J. T. and Lansing, K. J., (1999), “Optimal Taxation of Capital Income with Imperfectly Competitive Product Markets,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 23(7), pp. 967-995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lai, C. C., Chin, C. T. and Chang, S. H., (2007), “Vertical Separation versus Vertical Integration in a Macroeconomic Model with Imperfect Competition,” Working Paper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lambin, J. J., (1976), Advertising Competition and Market Conduct in Oligopoly over Time, Amsterdam: North-Holland.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Molana, H. and Moutos, T., (1992), “A Note on Taxation, Imperfect Competition and the Balanced Budget Multiplier,” Oxford Economic Papers, 44(1), pp. 68-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelson, P., (1970), “Information and Consumer Behavior,” The Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), pp. 311-329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelson, P., (1974), “Advertising as Information,” The Journal of Political Economy, 82(4), pp. 729-754.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nichols, L. M., (1985), “Advertising and Economic Welfare,” The American Economic Review, 75(1), pp. 213-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E., (1974), “Consumer Behavior, Retailer Power and Market Performance in Consumer Goods Industries,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(4), pp. 419-436.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E., (1976), “Interbrand Choice, Media Mix and Market Performance,” The American Economic Review, 66(2), pp. 398-406.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmalensee, R., (1974), “Brand Loyalty and Barriers to Entry,” Southern Economic Journal, 40(4), pp. 579-588.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmalensee, R., (1976), “Advertising and Profitability: Further Implications of the Null Hypothesis,” The Journal of Industrial Economics, 25(1), pp. 45-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmalensee, R., (1983), “Advertising and Entry Deterrence: An Exploratory Model,” The Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), pp. 636-653.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Spence, A. M., (1980), “Notes on Advertising, Economies of Scale, and Entry Barriers,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(3), pp. 493-507.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Startz, R., (1989), “Monopolistic Competition as a Foundation for Keynesian Macroeconomic Models,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(4), pp. 737-752.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thomas, L. A., (1999), “Incumbent Firms’ Response to Entry: Price, Advertising, and New Product Introduction,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 17(4), pp. 527-555.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palda, K. S., (1964), The Measurement of Cumulative Advertising Effects, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, L. W., (1969), “Advertising Profits, and Corporate Taxes,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 51(4), pp. 421-430.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wu, J. Z. and Chou, C. F., (2006), “Informative Advertising with Consumer Search,” Academia Economic Papers, 34(3), pp. 301-323. (In Chinese)zh_TW