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題名 再探捐贈行為與租稅價格彈性
作者 莊靖怡
貢獻者 羅光達
莊靖怡
關鍵詞 捐贈
價格彈性
Tobit模型
日期 2007
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 13:40:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要探討不同捐贈行為對租稅價格的影響,分兩個議題探討:第一個議題是運用美國IRS 1995年橫斷面資料,透過分組的方式,分析不同捐贈金額高低之組別其價格彈性的差異;第二個議題是運用美國IRS 1987-1990年追蹤資料,透過分組的方式,以1990年的資料為主,分析不同變異程度之組別其價格彈性的效果。
      研究結果顯示,議題一討論不同捐贈金額,在未分組前由全體資料所估計出來的價格彈性為-1.17,依捐贈金額高低區分為三組後發現,受到捐贈價格影響的主要為高捐贈組其價格彈性為-2.57,而低捐贈組與中捐贈組的價格彈性均小於1,分別為-0.57與-0.10,顯示高捐贈組受到租稅價格的影響較顯著。而議題二討論不同變異程度,在未分組前由全體資料所估計出來的價格彈性為-1.33,依變異係數分組後發現,受到捐贈價格影響主要為變異係數較高的組別,其價格彈性為-2.77,另外兩組的價格彈性均不顯著。
      透過兩議題的綜合結果顯示,隨機捐贈之高捐贈者,受到租稅價格的影響最大,因此若想透過租稅政策的方式刺激捐贈,以對此特質的人為宜。
參考文獻 1.Anderson,D. and R. Beier(1999),“The Effect of a State Tax Credit on Giving to Community Foundations,”American Economist,43(2),66–72.
2.Andreoni,J.(1990),“Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm Glow Giving,”Economic Journal,100,464–477.
3.Andreoni,J.(2006),“Philanthropy,”In S-C.Kolm and J. Mercier Ythier,eds.,Handbook of Giving,Reciprocity and Altruism, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1201-1269.
4.Auten,G.,J.Cilke,and W. Randolph(1992),“The effects of Tax Reform on Charitable Contributions,”National Tax Journal,45(3),267–90.
5.Auten,G.,H.Sieg,and C. Clotfelter(2002),“Charitable Giving,Income and Taxes: An Analysis of Panel Data,” American Economic Review,92(1),371–82.
6.Barrett,K.(1991),“Panel-Data Estimates of Charitable Giving:A Synthesis of Techniques,”National Tax Journal, 44(3),365-381.
7.Chang,W.C.(2005),“Determinants of Donations:Empirical Evidence from Taiwan,”The Developing Economies,43(2),217-234.
8.Clotfelter,C.(1985),Federal Tax Policy and Charitable Giving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9.Colombo,J.(2001),“The Marketing of Philanthropy and the Charitable Contributions Deduction,”Wake Forest Law Review,36(3),657–703.
10.Daneshvary,N. and W.A.Luksetich(1997),“Income Sources and Declared Charitable Tax Deduction,”Applied Economics Letters,4(5),271-274.
11.Duquette,C.(1999),“Is Charitable Giving by Nonitemizers Responsive to Tax Incentives? New Evidence,”National Tax Journal,52(2),195–206.
12.Dye,R.F.(1978),“Personal Charitable Contribution : Tax Effects and Other Motives,”In Proceedings of the Seventieth Annual Conference on Taxation,311-21.
13.Feldstein,M.,and C.Clotfelter(1976),“Tax Incentives and Charitable Contributions In the United States: A Microeconometric Analysis,”Journal of Public Economics, 5, 1-26.
14.Feldstein,M.,and A.Taylor(1976),“The Income Tax and Chartiable Contributions,”Econometrica,44,1201-21.
15.Kottasz,R.(2004),“How Should Charitable Organizations Motivate Young Professionals to Give Philanthropically?” International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,9(1),9–27.
16.Lankford,R.H. and J.Wyckoff(1991),“Modeling Charitable Giving Using a Box-Cox Standard Tobit Model,”Review of Economics and Statistics,73(3),460–70.
17.O`Neil,C.J.,R.S.Steinberg and G.R.Thompson (1996),“Reassessing the Tax-Favored Status of the Charitable Deduction for Gifts of Appreciated Assets,” National Tax Journal, 49(2),215–33.
18.Peloza,J. and P.Steel(2005),“The Price Elasticities of Charitable Contributions : A Meta-Analysis,”Journal of Public & Marketing,24 (2),260-272.
19.Randolph, W.C.(1995),“Dynamic Income, Progressive Taxes, and the Timing of Charitable Contributions,”The Journal of Political Economy, 103(4),709-738.
20.Reece,W.S.(1979),“Charitable Contribution : New Evidence on Household Behavior,”American Economic Review, 69,142-51.
21.Roberts,R.D.(1984),“A Positive Model of Private Charity and Public Transfers,”Journal of Political Economy, 92, 136–148.
22.Smith,V.H., M.R.Kehoe and M.E.Cremer(1995),“The Private Provision of Public Goods: Altruism and Voluntary Giving,” Journal of Public Economics,58,107-126.
23.Steinberg,R.(1990),“Taxes and Giving:New Findings,” Voluntas, 1, 61-79.
24.Steinberg,R.(1991),“Does Government Spending Crowd out Donations? Interpreting the Evidence,”Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,62,519–617.
25.Taussig,M.K.(1967),“Economic Aspects of the Personal Income Tax Treatment of Charitable Contributions,” National Tax Journal,20,1-19.
26.Weisbrod,B.A.(1978),“The Forgotten Economic Sector: Private but Non-Profit,”Challenge, Sept.-Oct.,32-36.
28.吳文傑(2005),「台灣慈善捐贈的租稅誘因分析」,《經濟論文叢刊》,33 (1),頁97-111。
29.張文俊、陳勇達(2005),「所得來源與捐贈行為之關係-以台灣地區為例」,《財稅研究》,37(1),頁111-131。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政研究所
95255007
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095255007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 羅光達zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 莊靖怡zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 莊靖怡zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 13:40:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 13:40:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 13:40:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095255007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32325-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95255007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討不同捐贈行為對租稅價格的影響,分兩個議題探討:第一個議題是運用美國IRS 1995年橫斷面資料,透過分組的方式,分析不同捐贈金額高低之組別其價格彈性的差異;第二個議題是運用美國IRS 1987-1990年追蹤資料,透過分組的方式,以1990年的資料為主,分析不同變異程度之組別其價格彈性的效果。
      研究結果顯示,議題一討論不同捐贈金額,在未分組前由全體資料所估計出來的價格彈性為-1.17,依捐贈金額高低區分為三組後發現,受到捐贈價格影響的主要為高捐贈組其價格彈性為-2.57,而低捐贈組與中捐贈組的價格彈性均小於1,分別為-0.57與-0.10,顯示高捐贈組受到租稅價格的影響較顯著。而議題二討論不同變異程度,在未分組前由全體資料所估計出來的價格彈性為-1.33,依變異係數分組後發現,受到捐贈價格影響主要為變異係數較高的組別,其價格彈性為-2.77,另外兩組的價格彈性均不顯著。
      透過兩議題的綜合結果顯示,隨機捐贈之高捐贈者,受到租稅價格的影響最大,因此若想透過租稅政策的方式刺激捐贈,以對此特質的人為宜。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
      第一節 研究背景 1
      第二節 研究動機及目的 4
      第三節 研究限制 7
      第四節 研究架構 7
     
     第二章 文獻回顧 9
      第一節 捐贈動機之理論分析 9
      第二節 捐贈價格彈性差異的分類整理 13
      第三節 捐贈者特性差異 16
     
     第三章 研究設計 20
      第一節 研究方法-Tobit model 20
      第二節 資料來源與模型設定 22
      第三節 變數說明 25
     
     第四章 實證結果 30
      第一節 敘述統計-不同捐贈水準 30
      第二節 敘述統計-不同變異程度 33
      第三節 實證結果-不同捐贈水準 35
      第四節 實證結果-不同變異程度 38
     
     第五章 結論 40
      第一節 結論與建議 40
      第二節 未來研究方向 42
     
     參考文獻 43
     
     表次
     表 1-1 民國八十八年與九十二年台灣捐贈資料比較 2
     表 1-2 美國2002年私人捐贈來源 4
     表 1-3 1995年捐贈金額累積分配表 6
     表 3-1 各解釋變數定義與預期影響方向 29
     表 4-1 不同捐贈水準未分組各變數之敘述統計 31
     表 4-2 不同捐贈水準分組後各變數之敘述統計 32
     表 4-3 不同變異程度未分組敘述統計 33
     表 4-4 不同變異程度分組後敘述統計 34
     表 4-5 捐贈金額分組前後實證結果 37
     表 4-6 不同變異程度分組前後實證結果 39
     
     圖次
     圖 1-1 美國1962-2002年捐贈趨勢圖 1
     圖 1-2 1995年美國捐贈金額長條圖 5
     圖 1-3 研究流程圖 8
     圖 2-1 所得稅扣抵對捐贈效果的影響 12
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095255007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 捐贈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 價格彈性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tobit模型zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 再探捐贈行為與租稅價格彈性zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Anderson,D. and R. Beier(1999),“The Effect of a State Tax Credit on Giving to Community Foundations,”American Economist,43(2),66–72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Andreoni,J.(1990),“Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm Glow Giving,”Economic Journal,100,464–477.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Andreoni,J.(2006),“Philanthropy,”In S-C.Kolm and J. Mercier Ythier,eds.,Handbook of Giving,Reciprocity and Altruism, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1201-1269.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Auten,G.,J.Cilke,and W. Randolph(1992),“The effects of Tax Reform on Charitable Contributions,”National Tax Journal,45(3),267–90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Auten,G.,H.Sieg,and C. Clotfelter(2002),“Charitable Giving,Income and Taxes: An Analysis of Panel Data,” American Economic Review,92(1),371–82.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Barrett,K.(1991),“Panel-Data Estimates of Charitable Giving:A Synthesis of Techniques,”National Tax Journal, 44(3),365-381.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Chang,W.C.(2005),“Determinants of Donations:Empirical Evidence from Taiwan,”The Developing Economies,43(2),217-234.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Clotfelter,C.(1985),Federal Tax Policy and Charitable Giving. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Colombo,J.(2001),“The Marketing of Philanthropy and the Charitable Contributions Deduction,”Wake Forest Law Review,36(3),657–703.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Daneshvary,N. and W.A.Luksetich(1997),“Income Sources and Declared Charitable Tax Deduction,”Applied Economics Letters,4(5),271-274.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Duquette,C.(1999),“Is Charitable Giving by Nonitemizers Responsive to Tax Incentives? New Evidence,”National Tax Journal,52(2),195–206.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Dye,R.F.(1978),“Personal Charitable Contribution : Tax Effects and Other Motives,”In Proceedings of the Seventieth Annual Conference on Taxation,311-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Feldstein,M.,and C.Clotfelter(1976),“Tax Incentives and Charitable Contributions In the United States: A Microeconometric Analysis,”Journal of Public Economics, 5, 1-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Feldstein,M.,and A.Taylor(1976),“The Income Tax and Chartiable Contributions,”Econometrica,44,1201-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Kottasz,R.(2004),“How Should Charitable Organizations Motivate Young Professionals to Give Philanthropically?” International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,9(1),9–27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Lankford,R.H. and J.Wyckoff(1991),“Modeling Charitable Giving Using a Box-Cox Standard Tobit Model,”Review of Economics and Statistics,73(3),460–70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.O`Neil,C.J.,R.S.Steinberg and G.R.Thompson (1996),“Reassessing the Tax-Favored Status of the Charitable Deduction for Gifts of Appreciated Assets,” National Tax Journal, 49(2),215–33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Peloza,J. and P.Steel(2005),“The Price Elasticities of Charitable Contributions : A Meta-Analysis,”Journal of Public & Marketing,24 (2),260-272.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Randolph, W.C.(1995),“Dynamic Income, Progressive Taxes, and the Timing of Charitable Contributions,”The Journal of Political Economy, 103(4),709-738.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Reece,W.S.(1979),“Charitable Contribution : New Evidence on Household Behavior,”American Economic Review, 69,142-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Roberts,R.D.(1984),“A Positive Model of Private Charity and Public Transfers,”Journal of Political Economy, 92, 136–148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Smith,V.H., M.R.Kehoe and M.E.Cremer(1995),“The Private Provision of Public Goods: Altruism and Voluntary Giving,” Journal of Public Economics,58,107-126.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Steinberg,R.(1990),“Taxes and Giving:New Findings,” Voluntas, 1, 61-79.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.Steinberg,R.(1991),“Does Government Spending Crowd out Donations? Interpreting the Evidence,”Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,62,519–617.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.Taussig,M.K.(1967),“Economic Aspects of the Personal Income Tax Treatment of Charitable Contributions,” National Tax Journal,20,1-19.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.Weisbrod,B.A.(1978),“The Forgotten Economic Sector: Private but Non-Profit,”Challenge, Sept.-Oct.,32-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.吳文傑(2005),「台灣慈善捐贈的租稅誘因分析」,《經濟論文叢刊》,33 (1),頁97-111。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.張文俊、陳勇達(2005),「所得來源與捐贈行為之關係-以台灣地區為例」,《財稅研究》,37(1),頁111-131。zh_TW